Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (

) is a potentially fatal consequence of digestive disorders. There is a wide range of rare causes for that can lead to misdiagnosis and occasionally catastrophic outcomes. The lifestyles of those who are afflicted are mostly responsible for the underlying conditions that result in the hemorrhagic cases. The development of a novel approach targeted at raising public awareness of the issue and educating the public about it could significantly contribute to the elimination of gastrointestinal bleeding with no associated risks and to a nearly zero mortality rate. There are reports of related to Sarcina ventriculi, gastric amyloidosis, jejunal lipoma, gastric schwannoma, hemobilia, esophageal varices, esophageal necrosis, aortoenteric fistula, homosuccus pancreaticus, and gastric trichbezoar in the literature. The common feature of these rare causes of is that the diagnosis is difficult to establish before surgery. Fortunately, with a clear lesion in the stomach itself is a clear sign for surgical intervention, and the diagnosis can only be verified by pathological examination with the help of immunohistochemical detection of a particular antigen for a specific condition. The clinical traits, diagnostic techniques, and the therapeutic, or surgical options of unusual causes of reported in the literature are compiled in this review.

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Upper gastrointestinal bleeding () is a life-threatening complication of gastrointestinal diseases. There is a large variety of uncommon reasons which contribute to and might become reasons for misdiagnosis and sometimes lead to fatal consequences. In this review, clinical characteristics of uncommon causes of reported in the Chinese literature are summarized.

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A neuro fuzzy method to design analog circuits is explained, where the universe of discourse of the fuzzy system is adjusted by means of a self-organized artificial neural network. As an example of this approach, an op-amp is optimized in order to hold a predetermined aim; where the unity gain bandwidth is an objective of design, and the restrictions of open-loop gain and margin phase are treated as objectives too. Firstly, the experience of the behavior of the circuit is obtained, hence an inference system is constructed and a neural network is applied to achieve a faster convergence into a desired solution. This approach is characterized by having a simple implementation, a very natural understanding and a better performance than static methods of fuzzy optimization.

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Policy makers across the world are increasingly taking interest in the idea of the compact city. This article introduces two points about how to realize compact cities in Japan while learning relevant lessons from cases abroad. The first is to show the merits of the compact city as clearly as possible, especially in its effects on the local economy. A compact city facilitates a sustainable growth of local economy through streamlining local government finances, inducing more information exchange to produce urban creativity, and making use of the economy of density. The second point is to understand the compact city policy not as a pure urban policy but as an integrated land use policy, including farm lands. In Portland, integrated land use policies contributed to realizing a compact city, where a tax reduction on farm lands was simultaneously introduced with the Urban Growth Boundary. An interesting point here is that this combination of tax reduction and regulation resulted in more investments in farm lands, which reinforced competitiveness of the farm lands and eventually contributed to realizing a compact city.

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Sargassum brown seaweed is known to have many health benefits and therapeutic effects. Preliminary chemical characterization of this seaweed is important as a bioprospecting strategy for seaweed industry development. This study aimed to evaluate chemical composition differences, both water and lipidsoluble component, of Sargassum cristaefolium from four different coastal areas in Indonesia, namely Pari Island/PI, Awur Bay/AB, Ujung Genteng Beach/

, and Sayang Heulang Beach/SHB. Principal component analysis (PCA) on water-soluble component made samples from different origins to be clearly distinguished (variance: 80.37%). SHB and samples were characterized by a high content of ash, alginate, fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSPs), and fucose content of FCSPs, while samples of AB and PI had a high amount of total sugar and crude fiber. PCA result on lipid-soluble components showed a different tendency that SHB and AB samples were located at close proximity and characterized by larger blade size, higher content of chlorophyll, fucoxanthin, carotenoid, PUFA, total n-3 fatty acids, total n-6 fatty acids, and also a lower ratio of n-6 to n-3 (variance: 75.42%). The overview of each samples’ chemical characteristics can be valuable knowledge for further development, especially for developing functional ingredients.

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The effects of nickel oxide (Ni₂O₃) additives on electrical characteristics and microstructural phases of ZnO varistors with low residual voltage ratio are studied. The breakdown electrical fields increase remarkably with the amount of the doped nickel oxide increased. The minimum of the residual voltage ratios of the samples reaches 1.39. While the amount of the doped nickel oxide is more than 2 mol %, a new phase of chrombismite Bi₁₆CrO₂₇ is observed from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The δ-Bi₂O₃ phase decreases and the BiO_2−x phase increases correspondingly. In addition, the capacitance versus voltage (C–V) characteristics of the samples are measured and analyzed.

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The Overlaying mesh method (OMM) is an analytical approach that overlaps two or more independent meshes. OMM is used to have detailed wish in elected areas,with coarser FEM mesh else where, in order optimize calculational effort. And, OMM is used creating mesh complex model by different material characteristics. In this research, we propose the application method of the overlaying mesh method use a different element like a beam element and a solid element. We analyzed friction pile foundation using OMM and proved the varidity of this method.

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The materials used in high temperature equipments are often subjected to the cyclic straining at the temperatures where fracture is often controlled by time dependent phenonena. The cyclic fracture at such high temperatures sometimes cannot be evaluated by the conventional creep or creep-fatigue fracture criteria. Therefore, a new fracture criterion utilizing the static and cyclic creep rupture time and static creep rupture ductility is proposed. In the criterion, fracture is considered to occur when the sum of the ductility exhaustion damage (which is proportional to the unidirectionally accumulated strain) and the creep damage (determined by time devided by cyclic creep rupture time) reaches a constant value.
The criterion was successfully applied to the life prediction of the inscale fracture model of a high temperature heat exchanger made of Inconel 617 alloy. Furthermore, the strain rate dependency of cyclic life under various saw tooth waves was proved to be explainable by the same criterion if the local strain behavior was examined.

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Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. Cyanotic spells occur more frequently after infancy in unrepaired cases. Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN) is a rare disease that causes circumferential mucosal necrosis in the distal esophagus. We report the case of a 26-year-old man who was admitted due to coffee-ground emesis, black stools, and decreased oxygen saturations. The patient had an unrepaired ToF and a congenital portosystemic venous shunt. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed AEN, which could be due to unstable hemodynamics of cyanotic spells. This is the first adult case presenting these 2 conditions occurring simultaneously.

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This paper presents an ultra-low-voltage (ULV) high-resolution low-power continuous-time delta-sigma modulator for implantable biomedical devices. The 2^nd-order single-bit modulator adopts feed-forward architecture and a new fully differential ULV amplifier to achieve high signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio (SNDR) and power-efficient operation under 0.4-V supply. The amplifier employs a gate-body-input class-AB output topology with a local common-mode-feedback (CMFB) loop to achieve large output swing for less harmonic distortion with low power consumption. A robust clock generator is adopted to ensure modulator’s consistent performances across ±10% power supply variation. The modulator is fabricated in a 130-nm CMOS technology with regular V_T transistors. The measurement results show that the modulator achieves 75.5-dB SNDR and consumes 6.6-µW under nominal 0.4-V supply within a 500-Hz bandwidth. The achieved SNDR is the best one among the recent reported DSMs operating at 0.4V or below for implantable biomedical applications. The modulator also achieves a 69dB SNDR with 3.7-µW power consumption even operating at 0.32V supply.

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A fast settling multipath CMOS OTA for high speed switched capacitor applications is presented here. With the basic topology similar to folded-cascode, bandwidth and DC gain of the OTA are enhanced by adding extra paths for signal from input to output. Designed circuit is simulated with HSPICE using level 49 parameters (BSIM 3v3) in 0.35um standard CMOS technology. The DC gain achieved is 56.7db and the Unity Gain Bandwidth () obtained is 1.15GHz.

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Recently resonant sensors have been extensively studied to obtain high resolution. The resonant frequencies might deviate from the designed value due to manufacturing error or packaging stress, which requires the tuning technologies. This paper describes design and evaluation results of test devices for the electrostatic tuning of the silicon micro-resonators fabricated by a simple SOI-MEMS process.

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A novel tunable sinusoid oscillator design using a negative polarity current feedback amplifier (CFA) and only three resistors, is presented. The design utilises the transimpedance pole of the CFA device (AD-844). Independent fo-tunability (3MHz to 40MHz) had been verified with both PSPICE macromodel simulation and hardware circuit implementation. The genreration is practically active insensitive.

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