We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MCT-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MCT-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-,-diene-,,-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MCT-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MCT-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (), cholesta-,,-triol (4), -dehydrocholesterol () and cholecalciferol () were tested. The enzyme activities of MCT-1 cells were increased .0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2, , and did not induce MCT-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C- and/or C- of 1 and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MCT-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MCT-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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両性イオン型高分子をレーヨンに混合紡糸した臭気物質のための新規な繊維状吸着材を試作し，水溶性臭気物質に対する吸着・除去特性を調べた．アンモニアに対する吸着特性を調べたところ，本繊維状吸着材は，繊維母材であるレーヨンと比較して明らかに大きい吸着量と吸着速度を示した．また，消臭加工繊維製品認証試験に従った減少率評価試験を行ったところ，本繊維状吸着材は酸やアミンに対して高い減少率を示したが，アルデヒドや硫化水素に対しては低い値であった．これらの結果から，本繊維状吸着材の吸着機構は，吸着材表面に形成される水和層への分配と両性イオン型官能基への静電的相互作用であることが示唆された．さらに，本繊維状吸着材の再利用の可能性について調べたところ，酢酸に対しては水洗浄により再生可能であることが判った．本検討の結果，本繊維状吸着材は水溶性でかつイオン性を有する臭気物質の吸着・除去に適用可能であると考えられた．

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においに対するヒトの感覚強度は，加齢とともに変化することが確認されており，高齢者では徐々に感度が低下する．一方，においの質の違いを嗅ぎ分けるような識別力は，においの種類によって結果に違いが生じる．例えば，食品は身近で日常的に慣れ親しんでいるものであり，そのにおいとそうでないにおいとでは，馴染みのあるにおいのほうが識別率は高い．また，においに対する嗜好には，生活環境や習慣が関与する．ここでは，においに対する識別や嗜好の様子から，においがヒトの認知機能にどのような関わり方をしているのか考えてみたい．

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日本人は昔から毎日の入浴習慣があり， 体臭も比較的少なく，香りは控えめのものを好む傾向があった．しかし近年，香水や様々な海外製品に触れる機会が多くなったことや食べ物も欧米化したことなどから，香りの嗜好が多様化していることがうかがえる．香りを嗅いでリラックスやリフレッシュをしたい，香りで楽しく幸せな気分で家事をしたいなどのニーズがあらわれてきている．本稿では，重要な役割を占めるようになってきたトイレタリー製品の香り開発事例について報告する．

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Circuit techniques to enhance the linearity of input-voltage-to-current (V/I) conversion and to increase the output impedance of a current source by compensating for the low intrinsic gain of a transistor were introduced to realize a high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for a low supply voltage using sub-100-nm CMOS processes. Applying these techniques, a MOS th-order Gm-C linear-phase low-pass filter (LPF) was realized using a 65nm CMOS process. A simplified biquad LPF that can serve as a component of a th-order LPF was newly developed by replacing OTAs with resistors. As a result, the -dB frequency bandwidth, group delay ripple, rd-order distortion, and rd-order input intercept point (IIP) were 200MHz, 2.2%, ≤ -55dB with a 100MHz input, and +10.dBm, respectively, all with a ±0.1Vp-p input signal at each input terminal in the pseudodifferential configuration. The LPF including an output buffer dissipated 60mW in the case of a 1.2V supply. Wide spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) characteristics were confirmed up to high frequencies.

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本研究では，色と香りの印象的次元における調和性を検討した．まず，色や香りの印象的次元の抽出と調和関係を検討した．その結果，印象的次元としてMILD，CLEARの2次元が得られ，これらを変数として調和予測式を構成した．次に，色と香りの調和，不調和ぺアを用いて組み合わせによる効果を検討した．そこから，調和ぺアでは，色，香りの本来の印象が強調されること，調和ぺアの方がストレス緩和効果が高いことが分かった．以上を踏まえ，調和予測式を可逆的に確かめた上で，色と香りの調和モデルを提案した．

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Failure problems of saturated soils are classified in the present study into the following four types : Type I : The failure of loose and/or normally consolidated soils under fully drained loading conditions. Type II : The same soils but under perfectly undrained conditions. Type III : The failure of dense and/or overconsolidated soils under fully drained conditions. Type IV : The same soils but under perfectly undrained conditions. The soil-water coupling limiting equilibrium analysis on the basis of the critical state concept is shown possible to draw a distinction between type I, II and IV problems, and the limitations of the analysis procedure happen in solving the type problem in the above. This is demonstrated experimentally, in which seepage failure experiments in laboratory with the use of a saturated silty sand are employed to make distinctions clearly between the four types of failure problems. The definite distinctions both in failure load and failure mode appeared in the four types of experiments are summarized as follows : (1) the smallest failure load in loose sand in the undrained condition, (2) the largest failure load with the largest failure region in dense sand under undrained loading, () the observation of no global deformation before failure within the soil under the fully drained condition that suggests the development of very localized shear deformation in the sand. Three out of four experiments are described well by the limit analysis computation mentioned above as far as the failure load and the shape and the size of the failure region after boiling failure are concerned, and thus the type III problem is identified to be the problem that should be solved by any other means in near future.

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The saponin fraction from the seeds of the tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. KUNTZE (Theaceae)] was found to exhibit potent protective effects on ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Five new triterpene saponins, theasaponins (1), (2), (), (4), and (), were isolated together with 11 known saponins from the saponin fraction. The chemical structures of 1— were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Among the isolated saponins, theasaponins (), (), and () and assamsaponin C (10) showed an inhibitory effect on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions at a dose of .0 mg/kg, p.o. and their activities were stronger than that of omeplazole. With regard to the structure–activity relationships of theasaponins, the following structural requirements for a protective effect on ethanol-induced gastric lesions were suggested; 1) the 21- and/or -acyl groups are essential for the activity, 2) acetylation of the 16-hydroxyl group reduce the activity.

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化粧に関する心理学的研究は，1980年代から盛んになってきた．化粧は慈しむ化粧（スキンケア）と飾る化粧（メーキャップ・フレグランス)に大別されるが，感情に及ぼす影響に関する研究は，そのいずれもが高揚と鎮静をめぐるものであった. 喩えるなら，メーキャップによって心を固く結んで「公」の顔をつくって社会に飛び出し，帰宅後にはメーキャップを落とし，スキンケアをすることで心の結び目を解いて「私」の顔に戻るのである．すなわち，化粧は日常生活に組み込まれた感情調節装置である．

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本論文では，形の印象に関する研究を概観し，つづいて形がにおいの印象に及ぼす影響を検討した実験を紹介した.「角がある」図形を伴ったにおいは強く感じられ，曲線性の低い図形が刺激的な感情を伝えた可能性が考えられた．この現象は，「角がある」印象を有するにおいで顕著であり，においと形の印象が合致すると刺激が強く感じられることが示唆された．オノマトぺを用いたにおいの印象評価においても，形の印象の影響を受けることが示され，その傾向は特に普段においに関心のない人で明確であった．しかしにおいの快不快には形の影響は見られなかった．

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Using the so-called pseudo-static method, a stability analysis was made for the mountain slide that took place at Mitake-iriya village at the time of the Izu-Ohshima-Kinkai earthquake of January 14, 1978. Undisturbed samples of volcanic clay were obtained in blocks from the exposed surface of the deposit identified to have been the sliding surface. The partially saturated clay samples were tested under consolidated undrained conditions using the triaxial test equipment. Dynamic axial stresses with irregular time histories were applied to the specimens in combination with statically sustained axial stresses to determine the soil strength under the conditions simulating in-situ states of stress during the earthquake. The results of the tests were expressed in terms of the Mohr-Coulomb type failure criterion which showed that, while the angle of internal friction remained almost unchanged, the cohesion component in irregular loading increased above values obtained in the static loading. Using the strength parameters thus determined, a pseudo-static analysis was made to check the stability of the soil masses that had actually slid during the 1978 earthquake. The maximum horizontal acceleration required to cause the slide was computed. The computed accelerations were shown to cover a range between 400 and 500 gals which is consistent with the range estimated by other investigators on the basis of overturning of tombstones in the vicinity of the slide area.

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It has been shown after mathematical and mechanical investigation that Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) can be considered as a method to obtain the necessary condition of Slip Line Method (SLM), and that the solution can be obtained under the condition that F_s=1 and ∂F_s/∂θ=O, where F_s is the safety factor and θ is the inclination of the plane on which the safety factor is defined. Next, the generalized LEM (GLEM) is proposed, dealing with the following points : (1) Triangular or quadrangular blocks can be treated; (2) Safety factors are defined also on interblock planes; and () All types of plastic problems, slope stability, bearing capacity, and earth pressure are identically formulated. Two situations regarding treatment of the moment equilibrium condition are discussed. GLEM is applied to well-known problems. The results agree well with those obtained by theoretical methods. GLEM can be used to obtain the distribution of earth pressure or bearing capacity. GLEM, Iike ordinary LEM, is very effective for the practical problems, but GLEM is more theoretical and it can result in more accurate solutions.

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A kW class Stirling engine generator has been developed with the aim of constructing a system mainly for service use. The Stirling engine is built up as a 2-piston type with driving mechanism. It has a hot cylinder and a heat-exchanger cylinder in which a regenerator and a cooler are installed, and the both cylinders are connected by a heater made by U-shape tubes. The developed Stirling engine generator is unified hermetically because of including a PM synchronous generator in the driving mechanism. From the results of performance test, electric power is .92kW and efficiency is 31.4% based on thermal heat into the engine. It is effective in environmental preservation and energy saving to apply the developed Stirling engine generator to a power generation and heat supply system with heat source of wastes and wood biomass, since a heater shape is suitable for absorbing heat form combustion gas.

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本研究では，都市ガスの臭質カテゴリーを用い，現行の付臭剤および付臭剤候補の臭気の反復提示が臭質カテゴリーへの適合度評定に用いられるテンプレートの様相に及ぼす影響について検討した．実験協力者は，異なる提示スケジュールで臭気の反復提示を経験した後に各臭気における「都市ガスのニオイ」という臭質カテゴリー名に対する違和感評定課題を実施する2つの反復提示あり群，もしくは違和感評定課題のみに参加する反復提示なし群のいずれかに振り分けられた．違和感評定値に基づいて，群ごとに実験協力者を更に新規付臭剤敬遠群（以後，敬遠群）と新規付臭剤受容群（以後，受容群）に分割し， 群間で敬遠群と受容群の人数分布を比較したところ，臭気の反復提示により両群の人数分布は変化し，敬遠群が受容群に変容する可能性が示唆された．従って，臭気の反復提示後には臭質カテゴリーへの適合度評定に新たなテンプレートが用いられる可能性が示された．

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When a mudflow moves down a slope, the gravity induced shear stress, τ, is opposed by the combined effect of the undrained shear strength, c_u, of the mud, and its viscosity, η, which is associated with the velocity gradient in the mudflow, dv/dy. In equation form this can be expressed as : τ= c_u+η(dv/dy). The resistance provided by the mud involves the contribution of both c_u and η. For an understanding of the mobilization mechanics of mudflows, one needs then these two parameters. This study describes two methods that can be used to determine these parameters. The c_u of the muds is measured using a cylinder-strength meter devise. The technique associated with this devise consists in lowering a cylinder of known dimension and weight into a mud sample, measuring the depth of penetration of the cylinder into the mud, and calculating the strength, c_u, of the mud required to support the solid cylinder at that depth. The c_u of the mud is calculated using Sokolovski's theory designed to calculate the indentation pressures developed by a Tresca plastic when a cylinder penetrates it. The determination of the viscosity, η, of the mud is obtained from either the velocity measurements of the free surface of the mudflow, or from the difference between the velocity of the free surface of the mudflow and its velocity at the interface between the mudflow and the surface on which it moves. The viscosity η is obtained from a relationship that relates these velocities with η.

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