ラットに

3H

-CU-

83

(S)を25μg/kgで静脈内あるいは経口投与し，血液中濃度および尿糞中排泄を検討した．
静脈内投与後の血液中濃度推移は投与後5分より上昇し，投与後45分に25.74ng eq./mlのC_maxを示し，それ以後t_1/2

3

.05時間とt_1/2 33.09時間の二相で減少した．投与後72時間までのAUCは135.42ng eq.·hr/mlであった．
経口投与では，投与後

3

時間でC_max 4.10ng eq./mlに達し，以後t_1/2α 4.46時間とt_1/2β 26.

83

時間の二相で減少した．投与後72時間までのAUCは48.62ng eq.·hr/mlであった．
静脈内投与と経口投与のいずれの場合も，尿および糞中への放射能の排泄は，投与後48時間でほぼ終了した．静脈内投与では，投与後72時間までに投与量の30.52%が尿中に，60.42%が糞中に排泄された．経口投与では，同じく72時間までに40.34%が尿中に，69.24%が糞中に排泄された．

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1. The chromosome numbers of 64 species have been studied on which 56 are investigated for the first time.
2. Morphological, anatomical and cytological findings on the Musaceae in the broad sense are considered from a phylogenetical standpoint and three distinct groups:
a) Musa-Ensete, b) Ravenala-Strelitzia-Phenakospermum and ) Holiconia are recognised as suggested by some authors. For these groups sub-familial status is proposed.
. Lowiaceae have been studied for the first time cytologically and their chromosome morphology, distinct from that of any other group of Zingiberales, confirms their claim to familial status.
4. Consideration of the conflicting theories proposed to account for the higher chromosome number in genera like Globba, Alpinia, and Phaemeria, etc. leads to rejection of Chakravorti's hypothesis of wholesale fragmentation of chromosomes and the acceptance of the opposed view of Raghavan and Venkatasubban and others.
5. Holttum's transference of the genus Zingiber to the tribe Hedychieae has been given cytological support on the following points:
a) the basic number in the genus Zingiber correlates with that of Kaempferia.
b) the new tribe Alpinieae (which is infact Zingibereae without Zingiber) have consistently 48 chromosomes in their somatic complements.
6. It is suggested that the African representatives of Kaempferia should be given the status of genus; Cienkowskya on the following points:
a) the difference in floral morphology
b) geographical separateness and
) the difference in the number and morphology of the chromosomes. By comparing the present and past findings, various lines of evolution of the chromosome complements within each group are discussed.
. The basic number 11 is considered to be probably the original one for the Zingiberales as a whole, being present in Ravenala which is the most primitive member in the order. From this secondary basic numbers have arisen through evolution.

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The activities of tobramycin derivatives acetylated and ethylated on the 6'-N, 2'-N and -N positions were examined. The MICs of these derivatives against tobramycin sensitive strains indicated that 2'-N-ethylated and 6'-N-ethylated derivatives have a fairly good activity, and confirmed that the -N position is the most important one for antibiotic activity since -N derivatives were less active. The MICs of these derivatives against tobramycin resistant strains, and their inactivation by tobramycin modifying enzymes were examined. These results showed that 2'-N or 6'-N ethylation protects the drug against inactivation by AAC(2') or AAC(6'), respectively, and 2'-N-ethyltobramycin and 6'-N-ethyltobramycin were active against strains containing these modifying enzymes. On the other hand, -N ethylation protects the drug against inactivation by AAC() but -N-ethyl tobramycin does not inhibit strains containing this enzyme.

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(

3H

) Tobramycin was used as a probe to determine the relationship between the structure of aminoglycoside antibiotics and their ability to remove this drug from its higher affinity binding site on the ribosome. The dissacharide moieties (neamine, tobramine, gentamine) appeared to have a common binding site, whereas the kanosamine, garosamine and ribose moieties determined the specificity of this binding. Amikacin and butikacin behaved in an anomalous manner in spite of their close structural relationship to tobramycin.

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Circuit techniques to enhance the linearity of input-voltage-to-current (V/I) conversion and to increase the output impedance of a current source by compensating for the low intrinsic gain of a transistor were introduced to realize a high-frequency operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for a low supply voltage using sub-100-nm CMOS processes. Applying these techniques, a MOS th-order Gm- linear-phase low-pass filter (LPF) was realized using a 65nm CMOS process. A simplified biquad LPF that can serve as a component of a th-order LPF was newly developed by replacing OTAs with resistors. As a result, the -dB frequency bandwidth, group delay ripple, rd-order distortion, and rd-order input intercept point (IIP) were 200MHz, 2.2%, ≤ -55dB with a 100MHz input, and +10.dBm, respectively, all with a ±0.1Vp-p input signal at each input terminal in the pseudodifferential configuration. The LPF including an output buffer dissipated 60mW in the case of a 1.2V supply. Wide spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) characteristics were confirmed up to high frequencies.

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This paper is concerned with dynamics of the standard penetration test (SPT). The usefulness of mounting strain gages at two different stations along a driven rod is described, together with a workable procedure of analysis. The analysis procedure makes use of the traveling time between the two gage points and enables one to identify the particle velocity, the displacement and the stress at any station of the rod, as well as the energy actually transmitted from a hammer to the rod. Particular attention is called for the consequence of inevitable, small errors in strain data upon such identifications. A pertinent procedure of error-correction is proposed and its validity is substantiated against the performance of well instrumented SPTs performed by the authors.

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Virus-like particles (VLPs) were collected from geothermal vent water samples in the drift-way at Toyoha Mine, Hokkaido, Japan (−500 m level, 63.5°) whose VLP and bacterial abundance was (No/ml±SD, n: 500), VLP: .60±0.29×10⁸ and bacteria: .61±0.14×10⁶. VLPs ranged in diameter from 30 to 320 nm, and the major size distribution (ca 62%) was .33. nm (n: 843). Ultrafiltration followed by CsCl density equilibrium ultracentrifugation gave purified TY-VLPs: 6.64×10¹³. Regardless of UV treatment, TY-VLP reduced the efficiency of plating to 68.6-.4% at a multiplicity of infection of ca 0. on Escherichia coli 1157. Generalised transduction was observed on

E

. coli 1157 with a frequency between 10^-4 and 10^-5 cells/particle using TY-VLPs without UV-treatment. The growth of generated

E

. coli transductants (TY--trans) was compared to that of an

E

. coli transductant (ST--trans) generated by Aquificales originating VLP (Chiura, 2002). The extent of the maximum growth of both transductants was ca 40% of the parental

E

. coli used as a recipient. TY--trans acquired "budding-like" particle productivity, which has been demonstrated for ST--trans. ST--trans produced five different size particles, whose DNA content ranged between 291.6 and 382.0 kb, and TY--trans produced ten different size particles between 68.5 and 190.2 kb, respectively.

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The acetone extracts from three samples of the hepatopancreas of the poisonous scallops obtained on the Okhotsk Coast of Hokkaido Island were fractionated into two parts, hexane soluble fraction (fraction H) and 85% aqueous ethanol soluble fraction (fraction ) by partition to two layers. The majortoxic components in the mouse assay of “diarrheic shellfish toxin” by intra-peritoneal injection were found to be free unsaturated fatty acids showed the following toxicity in MU per g, 18:1 n- 35, 18:2 n-6 , 18: n- 167, 18:4 n- , 20:5 n- 167, and :6 n- , respectively. Toxicity of the fraction Hin MUper g was much lower than that of the fraction . However, the toxicity of the fraction H per 1 g of the hepatopancreas was about twice that of the fraction , since the fraction Hwas much more abundant than the fraction in the hepatopancreas. The method for the assay of the diarrhetic shellfish toxin must be reexamined by considering the toxic effect of the free unsaturated fatty acids.

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Mace- extract obtained from seed covering of nutmeg is expected to show an antiarteriosclerotic effect due to its potentiation with unsaturated fatty acid, various vitamins, etc. In this study an effect of Mace- was examined from serum lipid and six constituents of thoracic aorta.
A total of 16 male rabbits of 38 months, including with the Mcce- (M group), 4 with cholesterol ( group) and 4 with Mace- plus cholesterol (MC group) were used. to produce arterosclerosis cholesterol was orally given at 1g to the and MC group. To the M and MC groups Mace- was given at 500mg/day. Sixteen weeks later referring to all the rabbits, total cholesterol (T. CHO), triglyceride (TRIG), β-lipoprotein (β-LIPO), HDL-cholesterol (HDL), 4 in total of serum lipids, were measured. Furthermore, all the rabbits were killed and constituents media of thoracic aorta were stained and observed histochemically, i. ., SMC with Azocarmine G stain, EL with Weigert's stain, CL with Van Gieson's stain, AMPS with Alcian blue stain and GP with PAS stain. T. CHO was 90.5mg/dl in M group, 369.mg/dl in group and 81.mg/dl in MC group respectively. The MC group showed no difference with M group but the significantly lower value than that of group (p<0.01). TRIG was 108.5mg/dl in M group, .mg/dl in group and 94.4mg/dl in MC group respectively. No significant difference was observed among these groups. Beta-LIPO was 184.mg/dl in M group, 995.mg/dl in group and 151.5mg/dl in MC group respectively. Compared with group, M and MC groups showed significantly low value (p<0.001-p<0.01). HDL was 18.mg/dl in M group, .mg/dl in group and 26.5mg/dl in MC group respectively. There was no significant difference among those group, although it was highest in MC group. When histochemically observed, group was strongly disturbed, while MC group showed slight swelling of SMC and cell nucleus that was not remarkable though, and damage of EL and CL was minimal. AMPS and GP remained unchanged. From changes of serum lipid and observation of arterial tissue, it was suggested that Mace- has an antisclerotic effect.

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Background: Thyroid hormone is associated with arterial stiffness and left ventricular diastolic function in hypothyroid disease. The relationship of thyroid hormone level to cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and left ventricular diastolic function, however, remains unclear in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods and Results: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with untreated subclinical hypothyroidism and compared them with randomly selected controls from health check-ups. Log N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), -reactive protein (CRP), and arterial stiffness were measured. In addition, we measured early diastolic mitral annular velocity (’) in 43 participants with subclinical hypothyroidism and in 40 controls. When compared with the control group, patients with subclinical hypothyroidism had higher logNT-proBNP (1.±0.5 vs. 1.±0.pg/ml, P<0.05), CRP (0.±0.04 vs. 0.09±0.06mg/dl, P<0.05), and CAVI (.±1. vs. .±1.4, P<0.001) and lower ’ (5.±1. vs. .5±2.1cm/s, P<0.001). CAVI was significantly associated with logNT-proBNP, CRP and ’ in the subclinical hypothyroidism group. Conclusions: High logNT-proBNP was associated with a raised CAVI in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism may be a risk factor for cardiovascular events related to arterial stiffening and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.  (Circ J 2014; 78: 1494–1500)

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We analyzed the distribution of 6 periodontal bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia, Eikenella corrodens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga sputigena) in dental plaque materials from 227 children (-6 years old). The plaque materials were collected from all erupted teeth sites using a sterile toothbrush. Chromosomal DNA was extracted from each plaque sample, followed by a polymerase chain reaction with species-specific sets of primers. Standard strains of 6 bacteria were used as controls. Total detection rate of P.gingivalis, P.nigrescens, P.intermedia, , A.actinomycetemcomitans and were 5.%, 47.1%, .4%, .%, .% and 81.1%, respectively. , and A.actinomycetemcomitans were very frequently detected at all ages. On the other hand, P.gingivalis and P.intermedia were detected less frequently. Detection rate of P.nigrescens, and increased with age. The average detection number for each age group increased with age (2.63, 2.98, .43 and .45 for age , 4, 5 and 6, respectively). The number of bacterial species in the plaque materials increased with age as well. Our results indicate that P.nigrescens, , A.actinomycetemcomitans and are established quite early in childhood, these bacteria increase with age in the oral cavity.

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The activity of oxygen in liquid iron-phosphorus alloy and equilibrium of phosphorus-oxygen in liquid iron in contact with a mixture of solid tetracalciumphosphate and calcium, oxide was studied inia controlled atomosphere of H₂-H₂0 gas mixture.
The results obtained were summarized as follows;
H₂(g)+O=H₂O(g)
log K=, 180/T-.
ΔG°=-37, 400+17.5T (1500-1650°)
2P+4CaO(s)+5H₂O(g)=4CaO·P₂O₅(s)+H₂(g)
log K=61, 300/T-26.
ΔG°=-281, 000+122T (1540-1600°)
2P+4CaO(s)+5O=4CaO·P₂O₅(s)
log K=, 600/T-42.
ΔG°=-442, 000+196T (1540-1600°)
(P)_O=0.03(0.05-2.0%P), (O)_P=0.05
(P)_P=+0.01--0.04 (0.05-2.0%P)

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