The dual stage actuation (DSA) is one of the most attractive methods for increasing the track density of hard disk drives (HDDs). We have developed a φ-shaped actuated suspension as a fine actuator for a DSA system. The developed suspension's main resonance frequency was higher than kHz, its generated displacement was larger that 1-6 m at an applied voltage of 30 V and its shock resistance was greater than 3000 G. Flying-height variance caused by DSA driving (+/- V) was less than 1.3 % of nominal flying-height. The decrease of displacement was almost constant, less than % after 1 driving-cycles under heavy conditions (+/- 30V at 100℃, +/- 30V at ℃ and % humidity). Based on these data, we concluded that our actuated suspension can maintain a stable flying-height during its operation and its lifetime is as long as other actuators for HDDs.

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The extraction efficiencies of the double-layer centrifugal-flotation method (DCF)and the modified Baermann funnel technique () were estimated, based on the number of nematodes detected by direct examination (DE) of soil samples obtained from a sweet-porato field. Although the dead nematodes were extracted by DCF, no successful extraction of dorylamid nematodes and nematode eggs was attained. The maximum likelihood values of mean extracction efficiencies of DCF with Meloidogyne incognita larvae, Helicotylenchus spp., tylenchid-, aphelenchoid-, monhysterid-, dorylaimid nematodes, "others"(mainly rhabditid nematodes) and a total summation of all nematodes were 68.1-86.6%, 51.-62.3%, 73.-.0%, 56.-.%, 18.0-46.%, 1.-.4%, 71.1-84.%, and 66.-72.%, respectively. Those of with above nematode groups recovered within 24 hr from the bottoms of funnel stems were 0.1-3.1%, 0.2-4.%, 6.1-20.8%, 21.-42.2%, 0-74.3%, 02.-1.8%, 15.6-.%, and 6.1-.8%, respectively. The efficiencies of were strikingly affected by several factors; nematode species and their stages, extraction time and temperature, and sampling seasons.

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Stereoselective synthesis of , - and , Z-β-ionylideneacetaldehydes was accomplished from the β-ionone tricarbonyl iron complex, and the latter was converted to Z-retinoic acid.

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One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

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Six full-length cDNAs encoding pig cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, CYP1A1, CYP2A19, CYP2B, CYP2C33v4, CYP2C49, and CYP21, were isolated and sequenced. The cDNA sequences of pig CYP1A1, CYP2A19, CYP2B, CYP2C49, and CYP21 showed high similarity to human CYP1A1 (.4%), CYP2A13 (88.6%), CYP2B6 (.1%), CYP2C18 (.3%), and (82.%), respectively, and pig CYP2C33v4 cDNA showed high similarity to rat CYP2C23 (79.2%). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays revealed hepatic gene expression of all these pig CYP enzymes: the order of expression was CYP2C33v4 and > CYP2C49 > CYP1A1 and CYP2A19 > . In the kidney, the CYP2C33v4 gene was expressed at the same level as in the liver, but the CYP1A1, CYP2A19, and genes were expressed at lower levels than in the liver. Little renal gene expression of CYP2C49 and CYP21 was observed. We revealed for the first time the full-length cDNA sequences encoding pig CYP1A1 and five CYP enzymes belonging to the CYP2 gene family, thus making it possible to examine the gene expression levels of these CYP enzymes in pig tissues by RT-PCR.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-1. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MC3T3-1 cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-,-diene-3β,,6β-triol (1). 1 induced ALP activities of MC3T3-1 cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MC3T3-1 cells by 1, ergosterol (2), ergocalciferol (3), cholesta-3β,,6β-triol (4), -dehydrocholesterol () and cholecalciferol (6) were tested. The enzyme activities of MC3T3-1 cells were increased 3.0-fold by 10 μM 1 and 2.4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, 2, 3, and 6 did not induce MC3T3-1 cell ALP activity at 0.1—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C- and/or C-6 of 1 and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MC3T3-1 cells. Furthermore, 1 suppressed induction of MC3T3-1 cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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Adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) 例 (14病変), 肝細胞癌を内包するAH 例 (28病巣) および境界病巣10例 (12病巣) 計41例 (54病巣) について, 各種画像診断法における有病正診率を検討した. 全病変及び癌を内包するAHの正診率は各々術中超音波; 70%, 88%, 門脈CT; 58%, 71%,; 術前超音波; 44%, 64%, 肝動脈CT; 38%, 50%, CT; 33%, 58%, 血管造影; 17%, 31%, Lipiodol-CT; %, 25%の順で癌病巣を内包する病変の方が正診率が高かつた. 血管造影で腫瘍濃染のみられた8例 (17%) はすべて癌を内包するAHであつた. 54病変の平均径は1.2cmと小さく35例 (%) に肝硬変が併存していた. 肝動脈塞栓療法で壊死を呈した "癌を内包するAH" は1例もみられなかつた.

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In the first part of the present work the interaction of glycophorin with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) is studied by freeze fracture electron microscopy, densitometry, calorimetry, and 90° static light scattering. An exothermic lipid/protein interaction energy of W_P=190 kJ•mol^-1 was found by application of the well known Van Laar relation for the displacement of the freezing point and the Gibbs-Duhem relationship. Secondly, the effects of Ca²⁺ on the lipid/protein interaction were studied. Following Ca²⁺ addition a remarkable decoupling of the interaction of the glycophorin head group with the bilayer surface was revealed by densitometry and gold-labeling electron microscopy. It is estimated that about 80% of lipid once disturbed by the adsorption of glycophorin head groups is decoupled after addition of Ca²⁺. Thirdly, the selective interaction of glycophorin with binary lipid mixtures was studied, including the mixtures of DMPC with dimyristoylphosphatidylserine (DMPS) and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), and the mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with DLPC.

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Eight new sterols, , 8α-epidioxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-6, -dien-3β-ol (1), 3β, , -trihydroxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-, -dien-6-one (2), 3β, , -trihydroxy-(24S)-ergost--en-6-one (3), 3β, , , 14α-tetrahydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -dien-6-one (4), (, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, , 6α, -tetrol (), , -epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -dien-6-one (6), , -epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(24S)-ergost--en-6-one () and , 6α-epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-8, -diene-3β, , 14α-triol (8), have been isolated from five edible mushrooms, Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pholiota nameko together with fifteen known ones (-23), of which two (16 and 17) are reported for the first time from a fungal source. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.

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Activity-directed isolation of the ethyl acetate, methylene chloride and n-hexane fractions of Gloiopeltis furcata resulted in the isolation of 18 compounds. Their structures were elucidated as 2-(3-hydroxy--oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetic acid (1), glutaric acid (2), succinic acid (3), nicotinic acid (4), ()-4-hydroxyhex-2-enoic acid (), cholesterol (6), -hydroxycholesterol (), uridine (8), glycerol (), -(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol (10), (,)--oxodeca-,-dienoic acid (11), (Z)-3-ethylidene-4-methylpyrrolidine-2,-dione (12), dehydrovomifoliol (13), loliolide (14), cholesteryl stearate (15), palmitic acid (16), cis-,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (17) and α-linolenic acid (18) on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidences. Their anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities were evaluated via inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) as well as scavenging activities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻). All isolated compounds (1—18) exhibited moderate AChE inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values ranging from 1.14—12.50 μg/ml, whereas 1, , , 17, and 18 showed mild BChE inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values ranging from .57—15.89 μg/ml. Although most of the compounds isolated were lacking the scavenging activity on DPPH radical and ONOO⁻, and 10 showed good DPPH radical scavenging activity, and , 10, and 16 showed potent ONOO⁻ scavenging activity.

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The small strain stiffness and anisotropic nature of two sands with different geological origin have been determined via laboratory seismic tests performed in a triaxial cell. Dry triaxial reconstituted specimens of Ticino river silica sand (TS) and of Kenya carbonatic sand (KS) were subjected to isotropic and anisotropic states of effective stress ; then both shear and constrained compression waves were propagated in vertical, horizontal and oblique directions by means of five couples of piezoelectric transducers especially arranged in the specimens. The propagated compression and shear waves allow the assessment of the constrained M₀ and shear G₀ moduli respectively, at very small strains where, as a first approximation many soils can be assumed, from an engineering point of view, to behave as an elastic cross-anisotropic medium with a vertical axis of symmetry. This paper, after a brief description of the novel measuring technique adopted and of the tested materials, summarises the test results and their interpretation in order to separate the effects of the fabric anisotropy from those produced by the state of effective stresses on soil stiffness. The stiffness and anisotropic response of the two tested sands are compared. Finally the results enable us to establish five independent constants of the cross-anisotropic elasticity model, which appears to be appropriate to reproduce the behaviour at small strain of the two sands.

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The acetone extracts from three samples of the hepatopancreas of the poisonous scallops obtained on the Okhotsk Coast of Hokkaido Island were fractionated into two parts, hexane soluble fraction (fraction H) and % aqueous ethanol soluble fraction (fraction ) by partition to two layers. The majortoxic components in the mouse assay of “diarrheic shellfish toxin” by intra-peritoneal injection were found to be free unsaturated fatty acids showed the following toxicity in MU per g, 18:1 n- 35, 18:2 n-6 83, 18:3 n-3 167, 18:4 n-3 83, 20: n-3 167, and :6 n-3 83, respectively. Toxicity of the fraction Hin MUper g was much lower than that of the fraction . However, the toxicity of the fraction H per 1 g of the hepatopancreas was about twice that of the fraction , since the fraction Hwas much more abundant than the fraction in the hepatopancreas. The method for the assay of the diarrhetic shellfish toxin must be reexamined by considering the toxic effect of the free unsaturated fatty acids.

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Six new sterols, , 6α;8α, -diepoxy-(, 24R)-ergost--ene-3β, -diol (1), , 6α;8α, -diepoxy-(, 24R)-ergost--ene-3β, -diol (2), , 6α-epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-8, -diene-3β, -diol (3), (, 24R)-23-methylergosta-, -diene-3β, , 6β-triol (4), (, 24R)-23-methulergosta-, -diene-3β, , 6β, -tetrol () and (24S)-ergost--ene-3β, , 6β, -tetrol (6), have been isolated from seven mushrooms, Amanita pantherina, Amantia virgineoides, Lactarius piperatus, Lyophyllum shimeji, Tricholoma portentosum, Hypsizigus marmoreus and Lentinula edodes together with eighteen known ones (-24). The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.

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