One method currently being considered for the disposal of high level radio-active waste is burial in the seabed. When a hot object is buried in soil, the temperature of the soil adjacent to the object is raised and there is transient heat flow away from the object. The rise in the temperature of the soil causes excess pore pressures to be generated and transient pore water diffusion also takes place. A finite element formulation of the coupled heat flow and consolidation problem is presented. The computer implementation of this formulation is found to compare favourably with analytical solutions based on the same physical principles.

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【目的】LASIK後眼に対しTotal Keratometry（TK）を用いたLASIK用IOL度数計算式と従来式による予測屈折誤差を比較し、TKの有用性を評価する。

【対象及び方法】近視LASIK術後で白内障手術を施行した18例27眼（平均年齢60.4±

.歳）を対象とした。眼軸長、角膜屈折力（K値）、TK値の平均±標準偏差（SD）は、26.±1.5mm、39.±1.D、39.±.0Dであった。比較式はBarrett TK True-K（-TK）式、EVO TK（-TK）式、Haigis TK（H-TK）式とBarrett True-K（）式、EVO（）式、Haigis-L（H）式、Shammas-PL（S）式、Camellin-Calossi（C）式とした。予測屈折誤差の絶対値平均±SDと±0.5D以内の割合を比較した。

【結果】絶対値平均±SDと±0.5D以内の割合は

-TK式：0.18±0.16D（％）、-TK式：0.20±0.16D（％）、H-TK式：0.46±0.39D（52％）、式：0.18±0.35D（85％）、式（％）：0.21±0.32D、H式：0.35±0.25D（78％）、S式：0.29±0.27D（78％）、C式：0.37±0.33D（56％）であった。

【結論】TK値を用いた

-TK式と-TK式はその他の式と比較して予測屈折誤差が同等又は小さく有用である。

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Effects of noise exposure on aural reflex (AR) were investigated. The threshold of AR (ART) was measured in two groups exposed to occupational noise (Group A and ) by the electro-acoustic impedance bridge (Madsen, ZO-72). White noise (WN), and pure tones of 1 and 4 kHz were selected as activating stimuli for AR, and ARTs for these stimuli (ART_WN, ART_1k, ART_4k) were determined respectively. The results were compared with the ARTs in the normal group (Group C) reported by the authors previously. Group A consisted of 31 male workers exposed mainly to steady noise, and Group included 65 male workers exposed maily to impulsive noise. Group C consisted of 50 males and 50 females, who had normal hearing acuity without any history of occupational noise exposure (Fig. 12). Mean age was 37. years in Group A, 49. in Group . Mean period of noise exposure was 13.3 years in Group A, 26.1 in Group . In both groups, the hearing loss was observed in the higher frequency region at 4 and/or kHz, while normal hearing acuity was reserved at 1 kHz (Fig. 3 and 4). Because of no significant difference between Group A and in each of the mean ARTs (Table 3), Groups A and were summarized as the exposed group to noise. ARTs for three different stimuli (ART_WN, ART_1k, ART_4k) in the exposed group showed significant differences compared to those in the non-exposed group (Group C); i.. mean ART_WN was 92.0 dB SPL in the exposed group and 83. in Group C, mean ART_1k was . dB SPL in the exposed group and . in the non-exposed, mean ART_4k was 102.1 dB SPL in the former and 97.5 in the latter group (Table 5). There was a significant negative correlation between the hearing level at 4 kHz (HL_4k) and the value of [ART_4k-HL_4k] (Fig. 14). The difference between ART_1k and ART_WN, [ART_1k-ART_WN], was significantly reduced in the exposed group; i.. 1. dB in the exposed group and 12.4 in Group C (Table 6). For the purpose of our study, the exposed group was re-classified into another two groups according to their at 4 and kHz; i.. Group D (HL(4k+

8

k)/

2

<25 dB) and Group

E

(HL(4k+

8

k)/

2

>__=25 dB). The mean values of ARTs and

HLs

in Groups D,

E

and C, which are summarized in Table

7

, show two interesting points. First, the significant elevation of ART_WN is observed not only in Group

E

but also in Group D with normal hearing acuity. Second. the lowering of ART_1k is observed in Group

E

only. These results indicate that the elevation o ART_WN probably depends upon the exposure history to occupational noise but not upon the hearing loss, and that lowering of ART_1k may be caused by the hearing loss of the subjects in the higher frequency region. These estimations may be supported by the fact that [ART_1k-ART_WN] was 3.

7

dB in group D and 0.6 dB in Group

E

(Table

8

). Since damages of outher hair cells (OHC) in the Corti's organ do not always lead to hearing loss, it is conceivable that the reduction of [ART_1k-ART_WN] is the results of the widening of the critical band width for AR due largely to the damage of OHC caused by the occupational noise exposure. Under this conception, the value of [ART_1k-ART_WN] may be used as a sensitive and objectibe indicator for detecting and evaluating the early stages of noise-induced hearing impairment and individual susceptibility to noise.

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放牧牛において,prostaglandin ()とestradiol benzoate()の同時筋肉注射による発情同期化効果及び同期化された発情期における受胎性にっいて検討し,次の成績を得た。
1.放牧牛31頭(ホルスタイン種未経産牛)において,黄体期にを筋肉注射(A群15頭)あるいはこれと同時に.5mgを筋肉注射(群16頭)した結果,処置後31~時間に発情が発現したものはA群では13頭(86.%),群では15頭(.%)であり,両群の間には大差がなかった。しかし,発情はA群では処置後37~84時間に13頭 (86.%),群では31~60時間に14頭(87.5%)に集中して発現し,の併用によって発情発現までの時間は短縮した。
.排卵は,A群では処置後73~120時間に13頭(86.%),群では61~時間に14頭(87.5%)に起こり,の併用によって排卵の時期は処置後早期に,かつ短い時間帯に集中した。
3.同期化された発情期に授精したA群の13頭中頭(53.%),群の16頭中頭(56.3%)がそれぞれ受胎し,受胎率において両群の間に差異はなかった。
4.以上の成績から,とを同時に併用筋肉注射することは,発情及び排卵の同期化に効果的であることを認めたが,この処置によって同期化された発情期の受胎性については,さらに多数例について検討する必要がある。

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Two new partially saturated tricyclic ring systems, 6, 6a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenz [, ] oxepins (3a and 3), and -thiepins (4a and 4) were synthesized. Compounds 4a and 4 were desulfurized to give a pair of isomeric -methylbenzoylcyclohexanes (10a and 10). Deuterated 4a and 4 (11a and 11) were prepared starting from butadiene-d₆ (12). The stereochemical features of 3a (trans), 3 (cis), 4a (trans) and 4 (cis) are compared with those of 10a, 10, 11a and 11 on the basis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance data.

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11-Amino-6, 6a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydrodibebenzo[, ]thiepines (6a-d) and -oxepines (a-d) were synthesized by the Leuckart reaction of 6, 6a, , , , 10, 10a, 11-octahydro-11-oxodibenzo[, ]thiepines (1a, )and -oxepines (a, ) followed by hydrolysis of the reaction products 4a-d and 5a-d, respectively. The four diastereomers, cis(6a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) 6a and a, cis(6a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11-H) 6 and , trans(6a-H, 10a-H)-trans(10a-H, 11a-H)6c and c, and trans(6a-H, 10a-H)-cis(10a-H, 11-H) 6d and d, were isolated and their configurations and conformations were elucidated by chemical methods together with ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a prevalent food-borne pathogen in Taiwan, Japan and other Asian countries. This work presents a novel ribotyping method for the molecular epidemiological examination of this pathogen. Genomic DNA was fragmented by HindIII digestion and hybridized with cDNA probe for Escherichia coli 16S and 23S RNA genes. A total of 121 isolates obtained from outbreaks during 1992 and 1994 in Taiwan were characterized by this ribotyping method. Four to seventeen restricted fragments were visualized in these isolates. After hierarchical cluster analysis, these isolates were grouped into thirty different ribotypes. In addition, A3, A, 3 and F1 were the major ribotypes, consisting of .3, 13., .1, and .3% of the isolates, respectively. A, , F, G and were the major groups, consisting of 46., 14.0, .1, 6., and 6.% of the isolates, respectively. The discriminatory ability of this ribotyping method, as determined by Simpson's index of diversity, was 0., which closely resembled that of a previously reported pulsed-field gel electrophoresis method.

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The phase diagrams of the Ni-Mo- and Ni-W- ternary systems in the region of less than 50mol% were constructed by thermodynamic calculation, based on the data obtained by thermodynamic measurement of the related materials. We found three ternary eutectic points and three or two ternary peritecto-eutectic points as follows:
:L (1365K, 71.5mol%Ni-6.0mol%Mo-.5mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1355K, 62.5mol%Ni-.5mol%Mo-30.5mol%)=++
:L (1445K, 42.0mol%Ni-30.6mol%Mo-10.3mol%)=(Ni)+NiMo+
P₁:L (1812K, 34.mol%Ni-42.3mol%Mo-.mol%)+MoB=+
:L (1633K, 42.3mol%Ni-40.4mol%Mo-17.3mol%)+Mo=+
P₃:L (1812K, 53.5mol%Ni-33.mol%Mo-12.mol%)+Mo=NiMo+
:L (1622K, 51.0mol%Ni-31.6mol%W-17.4mol%)=(Ni)+W+
:L (1260K, 71.0mol%Ni-.0mol%W-.0mol%)=(Ni)++
:L (1291K, 65.4mol%Ni-4.mol%W-29.mol%)=++
P₁:L (2115K, 23.mol%Ni-43.1mol%W-33.1mol%)+WB=+
:L (1657K, 48.mol%Ni-33.1mol%W-18.0mol%)+=W+
The calculated phase diagrams are expected to be useful for the development of new Ni-based heat-, corrosion- or wear-resistance alloys.

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 The stability of

‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (‒THC‒OAc) and ‒tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (‒THC‒OAc) in -liquid during storage was investigated. ‒THC‒OAc liquids in cartridges were stored at 80℃ or 30℃ for 28 days. The relative concentrations of cannabinoids in the liquids were measured by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. ‒THC‒OAc decreased during storage at either temperature. ‒THC, a minor impurity, also decreased. ‒THC‒OAc liquid in a cartridge was stored at 80℃ for 57 days. The concentration of ‒THC‒OAc and ‒THC, a minor impurity, did not change during that time. Cannabinol acetate increased in all liquids, and unknown products were also detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The ‒THC‒OAc and ‒THC‒OAc liquids were subjected to GC/MS to detect representative diluents, glycerol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol 400, but none of these were detected.

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Stereoselective synthesis of , - and , Z-β-ionylideneacetaldehydes was accomplished from the β-ionone tricarbonyl iron complex, and the latter was converted to Z-retinoic acid.

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Repetitive liquefactions in angular and subangular gravels from an alluvial fan, in the case of two earthquakes with accelerations lower than that of a former which had caused liquefaction some months before, are described. The liquefaction took place from the surface, down to a depth of approximately 10 m. Water laden with sediments spouted out for some tens of minutes after the strong motion ceased. Knowledge of the grain size distribution of the sediments inside the body of the alluvial fan roughly defines the areas of the fan prone to future liquefaction. Non-repetitive liquefaction in overconsolidated fine fluvio-lacustrine sand of glacial origin at the unusual depth of 14 m to 16 m is also described. From the observation of sand lifted up for 10 m inside a large diameter well, and of that which spouted out from several microvents, it was estimated that extra-pore pressure was close to lithostatic conditions. Nevertheless, modeling of intrinsic pore pressure buildup on the DESRA programme gives lower values than the experimental one. Geotechnical characteristics of the 12 m-thick sandy stratum indicate that the upper part is unusually soft, either due to water circulation or past repetitive liquefactions which prevented reconsolidation. It is suggested that excess pore pressure generated by the earthquake was also due to redistribution of pressure from adjacent sediments.

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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among dogs (n=428) in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCRs for virulence genes and phylogenetic groups were also performed. Cefotaxime resistant

. coli isolates were detected in 95 (.%) of the swab samples. Sequencing analysis results showed occurrence of various β-lactamase genes: bla_CTX-M-15 (62), blaTEM-

1b

(42), blaCMY-

2

(

22

), bla_CTX-M-3 (16), bla_CTX-M-1 (15), bla_OXA-1 (

9

) and bla_SHV-12 (3) alone or in combination. The most frequently encountered phylogenetic group was group A₁ (35.

8

%), followed by group

D₂

(

22

.1%),

B

1 (15.

8

%), D₁ (

9

.5%), A₀ (

7

.4%),

B2₂

(5.3%) and

B2₃

(4.

2

%), respectively. PMQR genes, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB10 were detected in 25.3, 10.5 and 1.1% of the isolates, respectively. While all isolates were susceptible to imipenem and amikacin, resistance rates to non-β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 20.0% for tobramycin to 56.

8

% for tetracycline. The virulence genes were only detected in 34 (36.

2

%) of the isolates and this isolates carried single or various combination of virulence genes of iucD, papC, papE, f17a-A and eaeA. Four isolates were identified as human virulent pandemic CTX-M-15 producing

E

. coli clone O25

b

:ST131/

B

2

. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show fecal carriage of ESBL/pAmpC type β-lactamase producing

E

. coli isolates among dogs in Turkey.

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Eight new sterols, 5α, -epidioxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-6, -dien-3β-ol (1), 3β, 5α, -trihydroxy-(, 24R)-23-methylergosta-, -dien-6-one (), 3β, 5α, -trihydroxy-(24S)-ergost--en-6-one (3), 3β, 5α, , 14α-tetrahydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -dien-6-one (4), (, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, 5α, 6α, -tetrol (5), 5α, -epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -dien-6-one (6), 5α, -epidioxy-3β-hydroxy-(24S)-ergost--en-6-one () and 5α, 6α-epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, , 14α-triol (), have been isolated from five edible mushrooms, Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pholiota nameko together with fifteen known ones (-23), of which two (16 and 17) are reported for the first time from a fungal source. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.

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Low-lying states of

93Nb

have been studied by the Coulomb excitation with oxygen ions. Cross sections were measured for six levels at 774 keV (

7

/

2

+), 809 keV (5/+), 950 keV (13/+), 979 keV (11/+), 1083 keV (/′⁺) and 1297 keV. The () values obtained from the gamma-ray singles spectra are 188±10 (/+→/+), 153± (/+→5/+′), 236±13 (/+→13/+), 186±10 (/+→11/+), 30.6±.1 (/+→/+′) and 40.1±4.0 (/+→the 1297 keV level) in the unit of ·fm⁴, where /+ denotes the ground state. Gamma-ray angular correlations were also measured and the spin and parity has been assigned as /+ for the 1297 keV level. In addition, the excitation cross section of the first + state for ⁹²Zr was measured for comparison with the excited states of

93Nb

. The deduced

B

(

E

2

) value is 796±60 (0⁺→

2

+). Level properties are discussed and compared with the unified model and the quasi-particle shell model.

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 We examined the stability of

-tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (-THC-OAc) and -tetrahydrocannabinol acetate (-THC-OAc) in -liquid products. Eight samples were heated at 30℃ for 28 days and one of them was heated at 70℃ for , 4, , 10, and 15 days. Residual ratios of -THC-OAc and -THC-OAc were evaluated by gas chromatography with flame ion detection and their degradation products were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Some samples were tested for solubility in hexane and were submitted to GC/MS analysis to detect propylene glycol and glycerol. After a 28-day incubation at 30℃, -THC-OAc was slightly decomposed (residual ratio: 84.5–94.%) but -THC-OAc was almost stable (residual ratio: 95.–108.%). Heating at 70℃ decomposed not only -THC-OAc but also -THC-OAc. The decomposition proceeded rapidly in the initial days then slowly until 15 days later. The degradation products, four putative one-oxygen-atom adducts and cannabinol, were detected but deacetylated products (-tetrahydrocannabinol and -tetrahydrocannabinol) were not detected. All the samples tested were completely dissolved in hexane differently from propylene glycol and glycerol. Propylene glycol and glycerol were not detected from the samples completely dissolved in hexane. This study indicated that deacetylation of -THC-OAc and -THC-OAc did not proceed when the sample did not contain propylene glycol and glycerol.

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60歳，女性。1984年11月に貧血，白血球増加と胃潰瘍を指摘され入院。脾腫無く，WBC 33,000/μl, Hb .g/dl, Plt .×10⁴/μl, 骨髄はNCC ×10⁴/μl, Meg 188/μl, M/=4.91で染色体分析では46, XX, t (; ) (q34; q11)であった。CMLと診断し，1985年1月14日よりIFN-α600万単位連日皮下注を開始した。日間連日投与後月26日まで隔日投与を行い，以後10∼20日に一度間欠投与を継続していた。血液所見は正常域に保たれ，35月後よりPh¹陽性率が減少し66月後に0%となった。

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Six new sterols, 5α, 6α;, -diepoxy-(, 24R)-ergost--ene-3β, -diol (1), 5α, 6α;, -diepoxy-(, 24R)-ergost--ene-3β, -diol (), 5α, 6α-epoxy-(, 24R)-ergosta-, -diene-3β, -diol (3), (, 24R)-23-methylergosta-, -diene-3β, 5α, 6β-triol (4), (, 24R)-23-methulergosta-, -diene-3β, 5α, 6β, -tetrol (5) and (24S)-ergost--ene-3β, 5α, 6β, -tetrol (6), have been isolated from seven mushrooms, Amanita pantherina, Amantia virgineoides, Lactarius piperatus, Lyophyllum shimeji, Tricholoma portentosum, Hypsizigus marmoreus and Lentinula edodes together with eighteen known ones (-24). The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.

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