Journal of African Studies

STUDIES ON UNUSED MEDICINAL RESOURCES IN AFRICA, OCCURRENCE OF SULFUR COMPOUNDS IN CASSIPOUREA GENUS IN KENYA

Atsushi KATO, Momoyo ICHIMARU, Motomi MATSUKAWA, Masataka MORIYASU, No ...

1989 Volume 1989 Issue 34 Pages 1-8
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11619/africa1964.1989.1

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In the current research, the inland genus Cassipourea of Rhizophoraceae in Kenya was pinpointed as a target for developing new medicinal resources. The field work on four species of Cassipourea, i. e. Cassipourea malosana, C. gummiflua, C. euryoides, and C. celastroides was carried out during three months in 1987, which all are grown in different habitats each other.
It was proved with detective indicator (PdCl₂) at field work that the barks of these trees contain some sulfur compounds as we had expected. The plant materials transfered from field to laboratory provided some sulfur compounds as results of chemical studies such as isolation of compounds and determination of their structures. These compounds were such various alkaloids as pyrrolidine and pyrrolizidine possessing 1, 2-dithiolane ring and bisdisulphide bridge system respectively. Among these alkaloids two new pyrrolidine alkaloids named guinesine-D and euryoidine have been isolated from Cassipourea euryoides. Guinesine-D has also been found in C. celastroides. Another new pyrrolizidine alkaloid named isocassipourine have been isolated from C. malosana and C. gummiflua. For these three compounds, structures 7, 8 and 4 were proposed respectively on the basis of spectroscopic evidence (Fig. 3).
In biological activity screening tests, guinesines and cassipourine exhibited insecticidal activities and inhibitory effects on c-AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) (Table 2).

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Petrological Approach to the Origin of the Seychelles Islands

Mitsuo Hoshino

1989 Volume 1989 Issue 34 Pages 9-22
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11619/africa1964.1989.9

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Late Precambrian granitic rocks occurring in the Mahé and Praslin island groups of the Seychelles Islands are divided petrographically and chemically into two assemblages. One is older (ca. 710Ma) I-type assemblage of granodiorite and tonalite, and the other is younger (ca. 680Ma) A-type assemblage of sub-alkaline granite and typical alkaline granite.
Fe and Na contents of the ferromagnesian minerals increase systematically from I-type granodiorite through A-type sub-alkaline granite to A-type alkaline granite. These evolutionary trends of the ferromagnesian minerals suggest an intimate genetic relation between I-type magma and A-type magma in Seychelles.
The same association of I-type and A-type granites as in Seychelles occurs in the Hijaz region of the Arabian Shield, where the activity of I-type granite took place between 820 to 715Ma and that of A-type granite did between 686 to 517Ma. Such an association of granites is considered to occur extensively in the Arabian-Nubian Shield.
Undoubtedly, the Seychelles Islands are continental fragment left behind as a result of the disruption of Gondwanaland and, as stated above, petrological correlation suggests that the Seychelles Islands originally joined with the Arabian Shield.

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Tropical Rain Forests and the Annual Rainfall in South Cameroon, West Africa

Hiroyoshi Chujo

1989 Volume 1989 Issue 34 Pages 23-39
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11619/africa1964.1989.23

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In the tropical rain forest of South Cameroon, West Africa, the annual rainfall drastically decreases in a narrow area at c. 70km from the coast. To clarify the relationship between the annual rainfall and forest vegetation, I conducted this ecological study of the vegetation. As the result, it became clear that the tropical evergreen forest is distributed in the area of more than 2000mm of the rainfall, the transitional forest (1) in 2000-1700mm, the transitional forest (2) in 1700-1600mm and the semi-deciduous forest in less than 1600mm. And also it was proved that there are close relationships between the vegetation and topography as well as between the vegetation and soils. On the basis of the results obtained, furthermore, I estimated the distribution of the tropical rain forest during the Würm glacial maximum in South Cameroon.

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The Lower Palaeolithic Cultures of East Africa

Yasunobu Kato

1989 Volume 1989 Issue 34 Pages 41-64
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11619/africa1964.1989.41

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Evolution of Medium & Large Hominoids and Origin of Hominids in Africa

An Interim Report of the Surveys and Excavations in Northern Kenya

Hidemi Ishida

1989 Volume 1989 Issue 34 Pages 65-71
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11619/africa1964.1989.65

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Drought and Desertification in Historic Times on the South Side of the Sahara

Hiroshi Kadomura

1989 Volume 1989 Issue 34 Pages 73-86
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11619/africa1964.1989.73

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Masahisa Kawabata: The Structure of African Crisis

Ichiro Inukai

1989 Volume 1989 Issue 34 Pages 89-91
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11619/africa1964.1989.89

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Drake, St. Clair, 1987. Black Folk Here and There, Los Angeles, UCLA Center for Afro-American Studies. pp. xxviii, 387, index, bibliographical essays, charts, figures, B & W plates, US38.95 (cloth), 28.95 (paper)

John E. Philips, [in Japanese]

1989 Volume 1989 Issue 34 Pages 91-92
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11619/africa1964.1989.91

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P. Kazuhisa Eguchi: An English-Fulfulde Dictionary

Rituko Miyamoto

1989 Volume 1989 Issue 34 Pages 92-94
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11619/africa1964.1989.92

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Tatsuo Urano: Revolution and Self-Determination in the Contemporary Word

Makiko Toda

1989 Volume 1989 Issue 34 Pages 94-96
Published: March 31, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11619/africa1964.1989.94

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