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Byoungchoo Park, Youngyi Jung, Hyun-Hee Choi, Ha-Keun Hwang, Youngkyoo ...
原稿種別: 本文
p.
398-399
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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We have investigated the thermal and optical stabilities of the photo-alignment layers for nematic liquid crystals (LCs). For the photo-alignment layers, three kinds of photo-isomerizable polymer systems were studied; a polyamic acid doped with azebenzene molecules, a side-chain-substituted polyamic acid with azobenzene units, and a main-chain-substituted polyamic acid with azobenzene units. Photo-induced anisotropy was assessed by polarized UV absorption spectra and optical birefringence. The nematic LC-aligning properties were investigated using the photo-alignment layers processed at various thermal and optical conditions. It was found that the main-chain polyimide system was shown to exhibit good unidirectional LC alignment and excellent thermal (300℃ for 1 hour) and optical stabilities. Moreover, we suggest the new procedure, in which the photo-illumination process should be done before the thermal imidization process, to achieve the stable photo-alignment layer.
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Byoungchoo Park, Ki-Jon Han, Youngyi Jung, Hyun-Hee Choi, Ha-Keun Hwan ...
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p.
400-401
発行日: 1999/09/28
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Director tilting of liquid crystal (LC) molecules on photosensitive alignment layers has been investigated. The layers, polyimides with photoisomerizable groups in their main chains, were irradiated with unpolarized near-UV (UPUV) light at oblique incidence. The irradiated film was found to align LC molecules homogeneously with a negligible pretilt angle. It was found that the pretilt angle can be generated successfully by introducing surfactant lecithin and decreasing the incidence angle of the UPUV light. The LC alignment and electrooptical properties of the LC cells with the photoalignment layers were demonstrated to be suitable for twisted nemafic (TN) LC, vertical alignment (VA) LC, and surface-stabilized ferroelectric LC (SSFLC) devices.
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佐藤 慎也, 秋山 英也, 飯村 靖文
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p.
402-403
発行日: 1999/09/28
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The rubbing method has been mainly used to align the liquid crystal molecules. However, this process is known to produce LC orientation defects caused by dust particles and static charges created during the process. So instead of the rubbing process, we have studied the photo-alignment (PA) control of LCs applying the method to practical LCD fabrications process. In this study, we investigate the PA method for controlling the LC alignment of vertically-aligned LCDs under various conditions. We focus our attentions to cotrol the pretilt angle and the temperature dependence of the samples.
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田坂 泰俊, 吉田 秀史, 大橋 誠
原稿種別: 本文
p.
404-405
発行日: 1999/09/28
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We have developed a wide process window of unpolarized UV dose (±60%) for uniform inclined vertical alignment. The alignment material is a mixture of two kinds; one whose pretilt angle decreases with low UV dose and the other where one does not decrease even with high dose. The pretilt angle decreases and then increases as the UV dose increases. The window of UV dose for uniform inclined vertical alignment with the mixture is much wider than that with a single alignment material.
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内海 夕香, 小村 真一, 岩壁 靖, 松山 茂, 石井 克彦, 近藤 克己
原稿種別: 本文
p.
406-407
発行日: 1999/09/28
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A method for quantitative evaluation of the light-leakage caused by a spherical spacer in normally black mode LCDs was proposed. The normalized intensity of the light-leakage (L_<leak>) is defined as the increase of the transmittance by a single spacer in 1mm^2. The contrast ratio is estimated using the L_<leak>, can be improved by reducing the light-leakage. It is possible that the light-leakage intensity is reduced by aligning treatment on the spacer such as vertical aligning treatment. We have found that the light-leakage due to domain formation around spacers depended on spacers with aligning treatment. And, we found that a black spacer with vertical aligning treatment is more effective in the high contrast ratio than a spacer without aligning treatment.
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陳 寧, 森 竜二, 鈴木 昭廣, 稲田 明弘, 加藤 康司
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p.
408-409
発行日: 1999/09/28
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The confirmative experiments were completed on the ability to control the surface alignment properties of LC using the total amount of frictional work. The correlation between the anchoring energy and each of the rubbing condition parameters was investigated. It was proven that using the total amount of frictional work caused in the rub process, the anchoring energies gained in various conditions could be unified. It was also shown that the changes in anchoring energy using different kinds of rubbing cloth in the same rub conditions could be canceled by using the total amount of frictional work as a horizontal axis parameter.
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陳 寧, 加藤 康司, 鈴木 昭廣, 稲田 明弘
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p.
410-411
発行日: 1999/09/28
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In order to extract the key characteristic parameters of rubbing cloth, those which have a dominant effect on the LC alignment properties, the forces (normal force and frictional force) given to the alignment film by using various kind of rubbing cloth were investigated. Moreover, a flexible bar's transformation model was introduced in order to discuss the synthesis correlation between the normal force and the characteristics of the rubbing cloth. It is understood that in all of the characteristic parameters of rubbing cloth, the length, the diameter and the materials of filaments are predominant factors.
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井口 真由美, 樋口 章二, 鈴木 克宏, 湊 孝夫
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p.
412-413
発行日: 1999/09/28
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Smectic liquid crystal orientation with the N phase is well controlled by both of "Grooves" and "Ribs" in parallel alignment. It was turned out, from observation of liquid crystals flowing into the tunnel in the N phase, that the direction of molecules near the interface of the liquid crystal and air played an important roll in attaining good initial orientation. The effect of rib materials on flow-controlled alignment was examined in this study. Initial orientation was strongly dependent on used rib materials.
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藤掛 英夫, 米内 淳, 會田 田人, 菊池 宏, 河北 真宏, 滝沢 國治
原稿種別: 本文
p.
414-415
発行日: 1999/09/28
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We have analyzed chemical constituents of the free-standing ferroelectric liquid crystal film supported by rigid anisotropic micro-fiber network polymer(20%) formed with photopolymerization-induced phase separation, for a future flexible sheet display which will implement features of ease of large-size fabrication and light-weight panel structure. The liquid crystal and polymer materials segregated from their homogeneous solution were individually dissolved by different solvents, and then examined by liquid chromatography methods. The extracted liquid crystal had a high purity more than 96% and contained decomposition products less than 3% and a little amount of remained monomer less than 0.3%. Otherwise, the evaluated molecular weight of the segregated polymer showed broad width. distribution and a comparatively small polymerization degree of about 100.
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鹿田 正弘, 高橋 泰樹, 古江 広和, 小林 駿介
原稿種別: 本文
p.
416-417
発行日: 1999/09/28
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Polymer-stabilized (PS) FLCDs show an asymmetric electrooptic(EO) performance for polarity of applied electric field, and this asymmetry may be advantageus to LC devices. In this study, in order to improve the asymmetric EO performance of PS-FLCDs, we have tried to increase the memory angle by changing the photocuring condition of doped mesogenic monomers. Then, it was found that the memory angle can be increased due to application of a monopolar electric field at a temperature close to the SmA-SmC transition point.
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高橋 泰樹, 鹿田 正弘, 古江 広和, 見山 友裕, 小林 駿介
原稿種別: 本文
p.
418-419
発行日: 1999/09/28
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We constructed a field sequential full-color (FSFC)- LCD using a side-chain mesogenic polymer stabilized (PS) FLCD cell together with LEDs as a back light. Our PS-FLCD is a basically asymmetric EO device (we call it liquid crystal optical diode (LC-OD)) and in order to achieve a good performance of FSFC-LCD it is necessary to suppress the light leakage in the dark state in the bipolar operation. Perfect achievement of this improvement is now underway. However, we have succeeded in achieving a good performance using an improved and perfect LC-OD.
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浅尾 恭史, 門叶 嗣司, 森 秀雄, 羽生 由起夫, 片桐 一春, 水谷 英正
原稿種別: 本文
p.
420-421
発行日: 1999年
公開日: 2017/01/10
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We have proposed a novel ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) mode, which has the ability of gray scale displaying with the active device such as a thin film transistor (TFT). This technology is based on the mono-stable FLC mode, which is obtained by the material with the cholesteric (Ch) - chiral smectic C (SmC) phase transition sequence and applying small DC voltage nearby the phase transition temperature from Ch to SmC for making the layer normal direction uniform. The electro-optical response of liquid crystal molecules under the AC voltage is asymmetric between plus and minus voltages. It shows the characteristics such as low spontaneous polarization (Ps) value, fast response time, small temperature dependency and wide tolerance to cell gap non-uniformity.
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境川 亮, 酒匂 禎裕, 加辺 正章, 古川 智明, 田川 晶, 岡崎 庄治, 向殿 充治
原稿種別: 本文
p.
422-423
発行日: 1999/09/28
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We have developed the ferroelectric liquid crystal display using x-Vmin mode. The full color moving image with high contrast ratio (> 150:1) and wide operation temperature from 0 to 60 degree C were achieved. In this presentation, we will report the technologies for the driving of FLCD in a wide temperature with a fast addressing time, which have derived from the investigation of the switching behavior in a low temperature.
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地崎 誠, 西村 貞一郎, Byoungchoo Park, 磯崎 忠昭, 仁藤 敬一, 川角 浩一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
424-425
発行日: 1999/09/28
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In order to develop the high performance LCDs, we have studied the monostable ferroelectric LC (MFLC) device, which shows the fast response, the continuous gray-scale level, and the wide viewing angle. Typically, fabrication of MFLC device is complicate because of the electric field treatment process. However, in this report, we report that our new LC material system shows exellent uniform alignment for MFLC devices without any electric field treatment process. Moreover, it was also presented that the electro-optic chracteristics of our system shows the ideal switching for the MFLC device.
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梅田 猛, 高橋 泰樹, 古江 広和, 小林 駿介
原稿種別: 本文
p.
426-427
発行日: 1999/09/28
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Polymer stabilized SSFLCDs(PS-SSFLCDs) have been fabricated in terms of the transition from bistable to monostable EO performance by introducing sidechain mesogenic polymer into bistable SSFLCDs. This paper reports a physical model of this transition and demonstrates a successful reproduction of fast rise and fall responses with the increase of strength of the polymer stabilization. Calculated values of the rise and decay time constants are 200-300 μ s and these values are in qualitative agreement with experimental results.
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大久保 和洋, 折原 宏, 瀧川 賢司, 林 仁志
原稿種別: 本文
p.
428-429
発行日: 1999/09/28
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We investigated the effect of electric fields on the layer structure in an antiferroelectric liquid crystal by means of X-ray and electrooptic measurements. We found a strong correlation between the layer structure and transmitted intensity.
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大石 修, 宮島 清一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
430-431
発行日: 1999/09/28
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Pulsed field gradient spin echo NMR spectroscopy has been developed to measure anisotropic self-diffusion coefficients. By using a rotatable quadrupole coil and a magic angle orientation technique, the anisotropic self-diffusion coefficients were measured in the smectic A phases of several liquid crystals. Activation energies were determined for each of the diffusion coefficient components, parallel and perpendicular to the director. Dipole moments of the individual molecules were calculated with the MOPAC7 program.
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林 直毅, 加藤 立久
原稿種別: 本文
p.
432-433
発行日: 1999/09/28
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The orientational ordering of the ferro- and antiferroelectfic liquid crystal molecule, MHPOBC was investigated in the series of the successive smectic phases by means of the polarized Raman scattering measurement. The improved equation of the polarized Raman intensity was derived as a function of the orientational order parameter and the incident laser polarization. According to the equation the second and the fourth orientational order parameters could be evaluated even in the chiral smectic phases. An unusual change of the orientational order parameter was observed with decreasing of temperature. It was concluded that the irregular variation of the order parameter stemed from the biaxiality of the molecular orientational distribution. It could be attributed to the difference of the angle between the optical axis and the center axis of the molecular orientational distribution as the increasing of biaxiality.
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Andika FAJAR, 折原 宏, V. BOURNY, J. PAVEL, V. LORMAN
原稿種別: 本文
p.
434-435
発行日: 1999年
公開日: 2017/01/10
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We have performed the measurements of linear and nonlinear electrooptic effect around the SmA-SmC
α* phase transition point in an antiferroelectric liquid crystal MHPOBC. The first-order electrooptic response was continuous with a small slope change at the transition point in its temperature dependence, as well as the linear dielectric constant. While the second-order response increased steeply near the SmA to SmC
α* phase transition point. In the temperature dependence of relaxation frequency obtained from the second-order response, we found a soft mode inducing the SmA-SmC
α* phase transition.
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芝原 靖司, 高西 陽一, 石川 謙, 竹添 秀男, 山本 潤, 田中 肇
原稿種別: 本文
p.
436-437
発行日: 1999年
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The layer compression modulus was observed near the smectic-A-smectic-Co phase transition in a chiral smectic liquid crystal. The layer compression modulus B shows marked pretransitional effects above the phase transition. These effects clearly show that the transition is not of the Landau mean-field type. The temperature dependence of B clearly defined the smectic-A-smectic-C
α* phase transition temperature and supplied a piece of new and clear evidence that the smectic-C
α* phase is a tilted phase.
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秋月 智雄, 高西 陽一, 石川 謙, 竹添 秀男
原稿種別: 本文
p.
438-439
発行日: 1999/09/28
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The antiferroelectric liquid crystals exbibit various subphases and various models have been proposed. Although the molecular arrangements of SmC and SmCA are clearly established, these subphases have not been clarified yet. In the SmC γ and AF to which Ising model or clock model gives expression, we simulated the selective reflection and the optical rotatory power (ORP) by 4×4 matrix method. Simulation results show that SmC γ and AF in the clock model can't arise selective reflection and ORP. We proposed possibility of a new modified structure of AF, remarking the ORP in the vicinity of transition point and conoscope images. The modified 4-layer superlattice structure of AF based on the lising model can successfully explain the optical character.
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川上 英昭
原稿種別: 本文
p.
440-443
発行日: 1999年
公開日: 2017/01/10
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LCD industries have made a great advance in the display technology so that they have opened new markets such as note book-PC applications. LCDs are going to be very competitive to CRTs in the monitor and desktop-PC applications, too. In the future, LCDs will become more dominant in the display market with further technological development such as super high resolution LCDs, reftective LCDs and system in disptay. In the TV applications, LCDs will join in a severe contest with emissive display devices such as CRT, FED and OLED.
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山下 護, 田中 聡
原稿種別: 本文
p.
444-445
発行日: 1999/09/28
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The phase transitions of axial next nearest neighbour XY model (ANNNXY model) with biquadratic interaction is studies to elucidate the crossover from XY model to Ising model, in relation to the behaviour of the direction of the molecular tilt in the phenomena of successive phase transitions of antiferroelectric smectics. At the ground state, the freedom of the XY spin is easily suppressed, while at finite temperature the phase with XY symmetry appears near the critical temperature in the wide range of strength of the biquadratic interaction. The change from the Ising symmetry to the XY one occurs discontinuously, which differs from the crossover behaviour occurring at the similar system with 2-fold field in place of the biquadratic interaction where the crossover occurs continuously.
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オシポフ ミハイル A., 福田 敦夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
446-447
発行日: 1999年
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The anticlinic Sm-C
A phase has been treated molecular-statistically based on a simple model assuming the perfect orientational as well as transrational order. Conventional dispersion and steric interactions between rod-like mesogenic molecules do not promote the anticlinic Sm-C
A structure as against the synclinic Sm-C structure. It is stabilized by interlayer orientational correlations between transverse molecular dipoles located in the flexible chains.
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高橋 昌義, Byoungchoo PARK, 西門 産盛, 中田 未知, 高西 陽一, 石川 謙, 竹添 秀男
原稿種別: 本文
p.
448-449
発行日: 1999/09/28
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Molecular orientation in a chiral smectic phase showing V-shaped switching was discussed using a polarized FT- IR measurement. In a homogeneous cell of a three compounds mixture in which V-shaped switching was firstly observed, infrared absorption anisotropy of phenyl ring C-C stretching vibration was observed, which suggested the distribution of orientation of the molecular long axis of core part. In the smectic phase showing V-shaped switching. the absorbance attains its maxima (A_<max>) and minima (A_<min>) when polarization direction of incident radiation is parallel and perpendicular to the layer normal. The dichroic ratio (A_<max>/A_<min>) becomes higher than that in the antiferroelectric phase appearing the lower temperature side even in the zero field, this ratio was almost the same as that in the SmA phase. This results clearly indicates that the molecular orientation was ordered, but not random.
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Byoungchoo Park, 中田 未知, 小笠原 豊和, 池田 真也, 高西 陽一, 石川 謙, 竹添 秀男
原稿種別: 本文
p.
450-451
発行日: 1999/09/28
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V-shaped switching in a SmC-like phase was investigated by means of various experimental techniques and theoretical calculation. Previous experiments show that molecules align quite uniformly and switches collectively. For this kind of alignment and motion, two possibilities were examined: (a) polarization charge and (b) surface effect. The effect of polarization charge was found not to be enough to explain high contrast such as 150:1, if strong polar anchoring is assumed. It was found that only surface effect can account for the switching, if molecular tilt angle agrees with the layer tilt angle (chevron angle).
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中田 未知, Byoungchoo Park, 高西 陽一, 石川 謙, 竹添 秀男
原稿種別: 本文
p.
452-453
発行日: 1999/09/28
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The low-frequency dielectric response of V-shaped switching liquid crystal cells has been investigated. In V-shaped switching liquid crystal cells with their thickness less than 10 μm, one relaxation corresponding to the Goldstone mode has been observed. The dielectric strength Δε is proportional to cell thickness and the relaxation frequency f_R increases with decreasing cell thickness and attain to 10 kHz. Similar trend has already been reported for normal surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) cells. We will discuss about the difference between the normal SSFLC and the V-shaped switching liquid crystal cell from experimental results.
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小笠原 豊和, 高西 陽一, 石川 謙, 竹添 秀男
原稿種別: 本文
p.
454-455
発行日: 1999/09/28
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It was found that, during the V-shaped switching, LC molecules in very thin cell such as 2μm rotate on a cone collectively and the projection of molecular long axis to substrates is parallel to the layer normal at zero field. In the thicker cells, however, the twisted state was observed. In particular the molecules in the vicinity of surfaces may deviate from the layer normal because of the polar interaction and the rubbing effect. Based on the above consideration, we suggested that LC molecules achieve the uniform orientation at least in the bulk because of polarization charge. In order to examine the existence of the uniform orientation in collective model at zero feild, transmittance spectra were calculated using the 4×4 matrix method. In this result, twist region in very thin cells such as 2μm must be confined only 50nm at both surfaces.
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江間 健司, 八尾 晴彦, 松本 隆宏, 福田 敦夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
456-457
発行日: 1999/09/28
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The heat capacity has been measured near the smectic-A-ferrielectric phase transition in trustoelectric liquid crystals. A high precision ac calorimeter has been used for the measurement. In every case, a significant heat capacity peak was observed at the transition. The transition was found to be weakly first order. The heat anomaly showed a critical nature, which has been analyzed in detail using a power-law equation.
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田中 聰, 山下 護
原稿種別: 本文
p.
458-459
発行日: 1999/09/28
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Dynamics of the ANNNI model with third neighbor interaction is studied under an electric field, where an effect of polarization on the cell surface is taken into account as well as an external field. It is shown that the thresholdless response appears not only in a disordered phase but also in a modulated phases with long range order near the critical point.
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女川 博義, 許 軍, 岡田 裕之, 鳥山 和久
原稿種別: 本文
p.
460-461
発行日: 1999/09/28
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In a machinery model for liquid crystal system, molecules existing in neighboring layers are working harmonically as rotor-bearing system. Molecules may be rigid or clastic depending on its stiffness. Their librational motion induces catastrophic molecular reorientation at the critical speed, i.e. the phase change. This critical speed is sensitive to the molecular conformation and configuration. Influences of the rotational moment of the molecules, weight balance and the position of the weight center to the phase behavior are discussed in this paper.
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鳥山 和久, 女川 博義, 許 軍, 岡田 裕之
原稿種別: 本文
p.
462-463
発行日: 1999/09/28
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In this paper, we have proposed a mechanical string's model for liquid crystal phase behaviors applicable to polymorphism phenomena. The model is a natural extension of our proceeding machinery model for liquid crystal thermal stability. In the newly proposed mechanical strings model, strings consist of many molecules existing among many layers and stretch perpendicularly to the layers. The strings take place resonance between a string's vibration mode and local molecular vibration or rotational motions at the critical point or transition point. We propose a method for extraction of two parameters that represent the strings' eigenvalue (energy term) and freedom of motions (entropy term) from existing experimental data.
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沓水 祥一, 小林 久人, 中村 尚武, 市川 竜也, 矢野 紳一, 野島 修一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
464-465
発行日: 1999/09/28
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The structures of two cubic (Cub I and II), smectic C (SmC), and a structured liquid (I_1) phases of 4'-alkoxy-3'-nitrobiphenyl-4-carboxylic acids (ANBC-n) have been studied by X-ray diffraction. The samples examined were ANBC-n with n=15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, and 26, where n is the number of carbons in the alkoxy chains. The Cub II phase, observed for all seven homologues, is of Ia3d type. For n=22 and 26, another type of cubic phases, Cub I, was observed at the lower temperature side of each Cub II, which was of Im3m type. On the basis of the rod-structure models, the diameter and the length of the constituent rod were estimated for both phases and their dependence on the alkoxy chain length n is discussed.
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市川 竜也, 沓水 祥一, 矢野 紳一, 野島 修一, 山口 登造
原稿種別: 本文
p.
466-467
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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Phase transitions of 4'-n-hexacosyloxy-3'-nitrobiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid (ANBC-26; "26" means the number of carbons in the alkoxy group) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and so on. The results showed that this compound, which has a very long alkoxy chain of n=26, forms two types of cubic phases, one with Im3m symmetry and the other with Ia3d symmetry, where the Im3m cubic phase(Cub I) is transformed into the Ia3d cubic phase(Cub II) at 161.9℃ on heating. This is the first example of the thermotropic cubic-cubic phase transition in one-component systems.
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楊 小暾, 阿部 一貴, 磯貝 浩章, 矢野 紳一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
468-469
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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This paper reports new dimers, a, ω-bis(4'-alkoxy-phenylbenzyl- 4-ylthio) perfluoroalkanes, and their mesomophic phase transitions investigated by DSC, polarized microscope and dielectric measurements.
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石飛 昌光
原稿種別: 本文
p.
470-471
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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For simulation of liquid crystal (LC) systems, a novel Monte Carlo (MC) method is applied using Extended Inter-Molecular Potential(EIMP), which we recently develop. Since, in the EIMP, we adopt the effective potential energy in the interaction between two molecules, which is calculated, prior to the MC calculation, in various configurations without their intra-molecular motions, we can easily simulate the cooperative phenomena such as orientational orders, layer structures, transition temperatures, etc. To show the capability of the EIMP in the MC calculation, we apply it to the system which consists of 600 molecules of a typical LC, pentylcyanobiphenyl (5CB); several phases are successfully reproduced within a day in a usual workstation. In this presentation the advantage and features of the EIMP method will be also discussed. A part of this work was supported by NEDO.
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A. V. Zakharov, S. Romano, A. Maliniak
原稿種別: Article
p.
472-473
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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The rotational viscosity coefficients (RVCs) γ_i (i - 1,2), and ratio of the RVCs λ=γ_2/γ_1, for nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) are investigated by combination of existing statistical-mechanical approaches (SMAs), based on a rotational diffusion model and computer simulation technique. According to the SMAs, γ_i are found to be a function of temperature, density, rotational diffusion coeffcient (RDC), orientational distribution function (ODF) and number of order parameters (OPs). The RDC, OPs and the ODF were obtained from an analysis of a trajectory generated in a molecular dynamics simulation using realistic atom - atom interactions. In addition, set of OPs, and ODFs calculated in the framework of integral equation approach, for the dipolar Gay - Berne model, was used for evaluation of γ_i and λ. Reasonable agreement between calculated and experimental values of γ_i and λ is obtained. Calculations also predicts a flow aligning regime for 5CB nematic phase.
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香田 智則, 池田 進
原稿種別: 本文
p.
474-475
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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The estimation of the chemical potential of the system of parallel hard spherocylinders was made with Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The chemical potential was obtained as a logarithm of the insertion probability of a molecule. One type of gradual insertion method was tried to obtain reliable results for smectic-A phase at which the insertion probability of a whole molecule is so small that the direct insertion test does not give accurate estimation in realistic calculation time.
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三田 茂, 藤原 正和, 近藤 昇一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
476-477
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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The densities of a homologous series of semifluorinated n-alkanes, F(CF_2)_<10->(CH_2)mH, with m=6 to 12 were measured using a dilatometry. The transition temperatures were decided from thermal expansion coefficients α. The transition temperatures agreed closely with those measured by a DSC and by a polarizing microscope, The volume change at each transition point was obtained by the Klement-Cohen equation, The values of the transition volume change at the isotropic-mesophase transition were about ten times bigger than those at the isotropic-nematic transition of PAA. The densities decreased, as the methylene chain length increased.
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趙 偉, 呉 晨旭, 岩本 光正
原稿種別: 本文
p.
478-479
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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We build a theory of chiral phase separation in Langmuir films by taking into account the clasticity theory of liquid crystals and the mixing free energy of two enantiomers. The theory leads to a striped pattern with random width and sudden change of chirality from one domain to another, which agrees well with the experiment by Eckhardt et. al. [Nature (London) 362, 614 (1993)].
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折原 宏, 坂井 彰
原稿種別: 本文
p.
480-481
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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In the previous report we have shown that the orientation fluctuation in a nematic liquid crystal can be observed with a high-speed video camera and the time correlation function in the Fourier space obeys the exponential law. However, the wavenumber dependence of the relaxation frequency could not be explained by a simple theory. In this paper we will propose a theory and analyze the experimental data.
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木戸脇 匡俊, 藤原 建典, 森野 慎也, 市村 國宏
原稿種別: 本文
p.
482-483
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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Surface-assisted photocontrol of polymer liquid crystals by irradiation of a film of azobenzene polymer with linearly polarized light (LPL) is studied here. Liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) were spin-coated on a film of poly(4-cyano-4'-methacryloyloxyazobenzene) (CN0) which shows extraordinary thermal stability of photoaligned state. The transfer of photoaligned state of a CN0 film to LCP layer was successively achieved by annealing at around clearing temperature of LCPs. In-situ observation of orientational changes of LCPs was performed by thermal scanning transmitted ellipsometry during heat treatment. Orientation of LCPs was induced from their glass transition temperatures and disappeared at their clearing temperatures. Birefringent photoimages of μm order lines and spaces can be recorded in an LC polymer layer by controlling the orientation.
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山木 繁, 中川 勝, 森野 慎也, 市村 國宏
原稿種別: 本文
p.
484-485
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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The orientational photocontrol of anisotropic (lye molecules by a dchroic thin film of a polymethacrylatc with styrylpyridine side chains is described. Photoreaction of styrylpyridine groups in thin films upon exposure to 313 nm light involved two reaclious of E-to-Z photoisomerization and (2+2) photodimerization. Thin films of the photoactive pollymethacrylates showed the photoinduced dichroism upon linearly polarized light at 313 nm. The orientation of dye molecules was perpendicular to the direction of the electric vector of polarizedlight. The dependence of methylene spacer length between the styrylpyridine group and the polymer backbone on the orientational order parameter of the oriented dye molecules was significantly observed.
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古海 誓一, 中川 勝, 森野 慎也, 市村 國宏
原稿種別: 本文
p.
486-487
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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A vertically aligned (VA) type of nematic liquid crystal (LC) cells were explored using photoirradiated thin films of a polymethacrytate with 4-trifluoromethoxyazobenzene as side chains. Optical anisotropy was generated by slantwise irradiation of thin films of the polymer with non-polarized UV light, followed by annealing to enhance the photodichroism, which displayed thermal stability. The photoirradiated films brought about high pretilt angles of LC so that a VA type LC cells were successfully fabricated. The cell exhibited electro-optical properties with excellent optical quality on applying voltages even after heating at 100℃ for several hours.
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松澤 洋子, 市村 國宏
原稿種別: 本文
p.
488-489
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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Our concern has been focused on the molecular organization in ultra-tlin molecular films which are composed of macrocyclic amphiphiles. Macrocydic amphiles having a disc-shaped or a cylinlrical shaped core. and sevcral long-chain alkyl residues possess host-guest complexiation ability with hydrophobic molecules at the air-water interface. In this study, hybrid molecular films consisting of tetraalkylcalix[4]resorcinarene derivatives (CRA-CM) and various kinds of liquid crystats were discussed. It was found that homogeneous hybrid molecular films are obtained when hydrophobic liquid crystals are spread on a water surface in the presence of CRA-CM.
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洪 性奎, 岩田 崇, 菊池 裕嗣, 梶山 千里
原稿種別: 本文
p.
490-491
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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The uniform alignment of liquid crystal (LC) molecules is generally produced by a surface-induced alignment technique of a polymer surface. However, the conventional rubbing technique involves a serious problem that an electrostatic charge and dust are generated during mechanical friction by rubbing. In this study, a novel liquid crystal alignment technique was investigated in order to realize electrostatic charge- and dust-free on the polyimide surface. A uniform alignment of LC was obtained by using the polyimide surface which was exposed to unidirectionally flowing water at 348 K before imidization by thermal cure. The surface-induced alignment effect was not sufficient in the case of exposing the polyimide surface to the water flow after the thermal imidization. The local chain orientation on the polyimide precursor surface induced by exposing to the water flow and its amplification of the chain orientation by the thermal imidization is a possible mechanism of "water flow rubbing".
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川月 喜弘, 川上 哲郎, 山本 統平
原稿種別: 本文
p.
492-493
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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By the use of nonpolarized UV light, the alignment control of low molecular weight liquid crystal(LMW-LC) was achieved on photo-crosslinkable polymer film comprised methoxycinnamoyloxybiphenyl side group. A direction-selective photo-crosslinking reaction led to an optical anisotropy of the polymer film. LMW-LC aligned on the photo-crosslinked polymer film with tilt angles, and the tilt angles could be controlled by changing the ilrradiation angle and irradiation time.
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高塚 啓文, 川月 喜弘, 山本 統平
原稿種別: 本文
p.
494-495
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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We investigated the three-dimensional alignment control using copolymer films comprising photo-crosslinkable cinnamoyloxyalkyloxybiphenyl mesogenic side-group and non-photo-crosslinkable 4-cianobiphenyl mesogenic side-group. Their films were induced the three dimensional alignment by the slantwise UV irradiation and the annealing at their LC temperature. The controlling the polarization degree of UV light can control three-dimensional ellipsoid of refractive index.
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川上 正太郎, 梅津 安男, 大石 晴己, 竹原 貞夫, 小川 真治, 竹内 清文, 高津 晴義
原稿種別: 本文
p.
496-497
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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A novel namatic tolan with two 3-butenyl terminal groups has been sysnthsized and the electro-optical properties for STN-LCD have been measured. The novel namatic tolan has low viscosity and good steepness. The LC mixtures for STN-LCD with fast response time at low temperature were achieved using the novel namatic tolan.
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武本 学, 森 章, 氏家 誠司
原稿種別: 本文
p.
498-499
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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Twin type compounds (2), in which two tropone carbonyl groups direct inside, showed a smectic C phase on cooling process. Twin type compounds (3) with the opposite dipole moment were not mesogenic. A binary system between 2 and 3 induced a smectic A phase enanfiotropically. Clearing points of the smectic A phase were. higher than those of the smectic C phase of 2, and pronounced odd-even effect of inner alkylene chain length was observed. From X-ray diffraction study, a molecular packing model perpendicular to the lamellar planes was proposed, in which the dipole moment of tropone rings would be canceled.
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