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木津 紀幸, 分元 博文
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p.
198-199
発行日: 1999/09/28
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The ions behavior in the liquid crystal cell, which causes display non-uniformity, depends on panel composition, especially the insulating layer composition on the display electrode mainly. This is because the difference in conductivity in the liquid crystal cell by the insulating layer composition gives the relaxation speed of the inner polarization of ions a big influence. Especially, in the cell that has an insulating Layer on the one side of electrode, only when negative voltage is applied to the electrode without insulating layer, electric current flows. Its electric current shows exponential dependence on the square root of electric field. It suggests that "Electron Injection" occurs at LC/electrode interface by the Schottky effect.
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落合 洋之, 中村 尚武
原稿種別: 本文
p.
200-201
発行日: 1999/09/28
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The two homologous series of monosubustituted(HPF-n, n is the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group) and disubstituted ferrocene derivatives(bHPF n), which are shown in Figure 1, have been prepared. The phase transition of these compounds has been studied by the differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) and the polarizing microscope. All of the HPF-n have exhibited no liquid crystal phase. On the other hand, all of the bHPF-n have displayed the liquid crystal phase. These liquid crystal phases were identified to be a smectic C phase. This suggests that the S-conformation of ferrocenyl compounds may be favoured for an interdigitated layer packing arrangement. On the heating process, all of the ferrocene derivatives have exhibited crystal-crystal phase transitions.
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松永 靖子, 堀 佳也子
原稿種別: 本文
p.
202-203
発行日: 1999/09/28
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The title compound, 2-methylbutyl 4'-octyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate, exhibits the monotropic chiral smectic C phase in addition to the smectic A phase. On the other hand, the isomer with the reversed direction of the ester linkage exhibits the crystal G phase. In order to investigate the influence of the direction of ester linkages on liquid crystal phases, crystal structure has been determined for the title compound. The molecule has a bent structure. The packing mode of molecules has a smectic-like layer structure, stacked in a zig-zag way. The molecules in a layer have an antiparallel arrangement every two molecules. The long axis of a molecule is tilted from the layer normal (20°).
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永野 修作, 関 隆広, 市村 國宏
原稿種別: 本文
p.
204-205
発行日: 1999/09/28
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The mixed film of a poly(dihexylsilane) (PDHS) with liquid crystal (LC) molecules were prepared by spin-casting of a mixed solution. PDHS was miscible with LC molecules without phase separation to a certain ratio as revealed by DSC analysis and polarized microscope. The PDHS backbone and LC molecule in the mixed film were aligned parallel to the rubbing direction on the rubbed poly(vinyl alcohol) surface as indicated by polarized UV absorption measurements. The order parameter of PDHS backbone in the mixed film was dependent on film thickness. The thinner films gave the better alignment of PDHS main chain. The alignment of PDHS in the mixed fltm with some LC molecules was improved by annealing at 60℃.
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高塚 啓文, 川月 喜弘, 山本 統平
原稿種別: 本文
p.
206-207
発行日: 1999/09/28
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We investigated photo-alignment control of liquid crystals on photo-crosslinkable polymer films comprising 2-cinnamoyloxyalkyloxybiphenyl mesogenic side-group. Their films showed optical anisotropy by the slantwise irradiation of non-polarized UV light and the tilted alignment of liquid crystals can be achieved on their irradiated films. In addition the tilt angle can be controlled by the controlling amount of irradiation and the incident angle of irradiation.
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川月 喜弘, 高塚 啓文, 林 政毅, 山本 統平
原稿種別: 本文
p.
208-209
発行日: 1999/09/28
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We investigated alignment behavior of liquid crystals (LCs) using photo-crosslinkable methacrylate polymer films comprising 2-cinnamoyloxyethoxybiphenyl mesogenic side-group. The effect of the methylene spacer length between polymer backbone and the side-group on the photochemical and photoalignment behavior was studied. The alignment direction of LCs changed from homeotropic to homogeneous with increasing the exposure doses, and it needed longer irradiation time to obtain a homogeneous alignment when using a polymer with longer spacer length. In addition, tilt angle could be controlled by changing ihe exposure angle.
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杉森 滋, 平邑 恵理香
原稿種別: 本文
p.
210-211
発行日: 1999/09/28
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Syntheses of compounds having an asymmetric carbon atom involve a process of either elimination or addition that offer racemates. But, 3,5-difuluoro-1[4-(trans-4-propyl-cyctohexyl)cyclohexen-l-yl]benzene, synthesized from bicyclohexanone and Grignard reagent followed by simple recrystallization, showed Cholesteric phase. We are now studying the evidence of spontaneous enantiometric resolution of this compound.
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橋本 雅司, 森 章, 氏家 誠司
原稿種別: 本文
p.
212-213
発行日: 1999/09/28
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New troponoid liquid crystals with an electron-withdrawing cyano substituent were prepared. They showed monotropic nematic phases when the alkoxyl chain of the benzoyloxy group was short. While the alkoxyl chain was long, enantiotropic smectic A phases appeared. From the X-ray diffraction study, the interdigitated molecular packing model was proposed because the lamellar spacings are 1.3 times larger than the calculated molecular length.
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花崎 知則, 川嶋 淳子, 森下 奈美子, 山本 匠朗
原稿種別: 本文
p.
214-215
発行日: 1999/09/28
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A new series of non-symmetrical dimeric compounds including two distinct mesogenic groups, 4-(4'-benzyloxy)biphenyl cholesteryl alkanedioate (abbreviated hereafter to BBChA-n, where n is the number of carbon atoms in the methylene chain unit), was prepared in our laboratory. Thermal properties of these compounds have been studied by differential scanning calorimeter and polarizing microscope. In addition, two symmetrical dimeric compounds, namely dicholesteryl decanedioate (diChA-8) and di[4-(4'-benzyloxy)biphenyl] decanedioate (diBBA-8) were synthesized and their phase transition behavior was studied by the same methods in order to compare with those of BBChA-n.
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吉岡 昌宏, 中野 秀作, 望月 周
原稿種別: 本文
p.
216-217
発行日: 1999/09/28
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Cholesteric liquid crystalline polymer(Ch-LCP) indicate selective reflection correspond to its helical structure's pitch. Novel Ch-LCP having both schiff base moiely as an acid lablie chiral-group and cross-linking group in polymer side chain have been developed. Photolysis of the system consists of the polymer and photo acid generator (PAG) was investigated. Clcavage of schiff base in lhe polymer was accelerated by photo generated acid. It was found that selective reflection wavelength of the polymer was controlled by UV irradiation and provide multi-colored selective reflection film having 100 μm line and space pitch. Furthermore, excellent thermal stability was achieved by crosslinking reaction of the Ch-LCP.
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犬飼 孝
原稿種別: 本文
p.
218-219
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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Conformation, dipole moments, polarizabilities were calculated for ten selected nematogenic compounds with Ab-initio (B3LYP/6-31G(D')level) and semi-empirical MO (AM1/MOPAC) methods, and the results were analyzed in relation to the axes of moment of inertia. Dielectric and optical properties were calculated with Maier-Meier theory.
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小池 毅, 横小路 修, 青木 良夫, 野平 博之
原稿種別: 本文
p.
220-221
発行日: 1999/09/28
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The synthesis and properties of chiral 2-phenylpropionic acid derivatives were studied in the purpose of application as chiral additive for reflective cholesteric liquid crystal devices. These compounds showed lower viscosity and larger helical twisting power compared with available chiral compounds. The relationship between structure and properties of these compounds were discussed.
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山崎 拓郎, 豊田 尚司, 加藤 直毅, 関 一彦, 大内 幸雄
原稿種別: 本文
p.
222-223
発行日: 1999/09/28
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A new series of biphenyl carboxylates, where an ester group adjacent to the chiral carbon is taken away from corresponding molecules in the MHPOBC series, has been synthesized and their smectic properties were investigated. The new series, MH/POBC (4-(1-alkylheptyl)phcnyl 4'-octyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate), did not exhibit an anticlinic phase but a tilted phase on the contrary to the MHPOBC series. X-ray analysis revealed that both series of liquid crystals formed a bent structure at the terminal branching carbon, indicating that the dipole interaction near the chiral carbon is a primary cause and the bent structure is just a necessary condition for the appearance of the anticlinic phase.
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Jin Wook Choi, Won Hyeuck Choi, Yong Bae Kim
原稿種別: Article
p.
224-225
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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A series of 2,3-substitued-alkyl-4-(4'-nonyloxybiphenyl-4-carbonyloxy)benzoate which show antiferroelectric phases, have been synthesized and their mesomorphic properties investigated. The phase transitions have been determined by using an optical polarizing microscopy and a differential scanning calorimeter. The influence of the 2, 3-substitued moiety of the chiral carbon on the mesomorptfic properties has been studied. In the (R)- and (S)- enantiomeric mixtures, the thermal stability of chiral smectic phases varies with the mixing ratio. Phase diagrams were constructed for the enantiomeric mixtures.
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楊 槐, 山根 大和, 菊池 裕嗣, 梶山 千里
原稿種別: 本文
p.
226-227
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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A novel thermal-addressing liquid crystal device (TALCD) was proposed for the [polymer network/liquid crystals/chiral dopant) composite system with a smectic-A (SA) ↔ chiral nematic (N) phase transition. In the case of this novel TALCD, in an opposite fashion to conventional TALCDs which show light-scattering characters on a transparent background, transparent characters were stored on a light-scattering background. This novel TALCD showed a very fast speed for memory switching, an enough contrast and an endurable memory effect.
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山口 雅裕, 蓮尾 東海
原稿種別: 本文
p.
228-229
発行日: 1999/09/28
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We investigated the (polymer / liquid crystal) composite film for using nematic liquid crystal E7 and UV curable monomer 2-hydroxy ethyl acrylate in oder to achieve low driving voltage and high contrast The light swiching of characteristics of this composite film was influenced by UV irradiation temperature more than momomer concentration. This composite film would be driven at 17Vrms.
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大田 利博, 菊池 裕嗣, 梶山 千里
原稿種別: 本文
p.
230-231
発行日: 1999/09/28
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The (polymer/liquid crystal : LC) composite films consist of a continuous LC embedded in a three dimensional network of a polymer matrix. Since a polysiloxane chain composed of a flexible main chain, it is considered that the (polysiloxane network/LC) composite film can be easily stretched by an external deformation in order to change the orientation of the LC directors. In this study, poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-diphenylsiloxane)[P(DMS/DPS)] was used as a polymer matrix. P(DMS/DPS) was prepared by photopolymerization of vinyl terminated (dimethylsiloxane-co-diphenylsiloxane) macromonomer. The gel-like [P(DMS/DPS)/LC] composite film was obtained by swelling the P(DMS/DPS) with LC. The Electro-optic and mechano-optic properties were investigated for the [(P(DMS/DPS)/LC] composite film. The [(P(DMS/DPS)/LC] composite film showed low contrast even upon a high driving voltage also it was found for the mechano-optic measurement that the LC directors in the composite film were easily aligned along the external deformation direction.
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秋山 映一, 福内 陽子, 長瀬 裕
原稿種別: 本文
p.
232-233
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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We have reported that an introduction of a segmented spacer, which consisted of oligo(ethylene oxide) and alkylene chains, into a polyacrylates enhanced a mobility of a mesogen, and greatly decreased a glass transition temperature, Tg, compared with the case of an ordinary alkylene spacer. In this paper, the other types of polymer-backbones having segmented spacers were prepared, and the influence on thermal properties were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy. Polyacrylate, polysiloxane and polybenzamide (PAm 1) having cyanobiphenyl side group via segmented spacers exhibited smectic, unknown mesophase and nematic phases, respectively. On the other hand, polystyrene and poly(m-phenylene-terephthalamide) (PAm2) types showed Tg and no mesophases. From these results, it was found that, in the cases of relatively flexible polymer-backbones, mesogenic side groups easily formed assembling structures in very low temperature region. Semi-rigid polystyrene and rigid PAm2 have been well-known as the polymers with helical struc tures, so that mesogenic side groups were affected by the polymer-backbones to show no mesophases. However, the rigid and linear polymer-backbone such as PAml would enable to order the mesogenic side groups.
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田中 聡美, 加藤 千尋, 溝下 倫大, 加藤 隆史, 英 謙二
原稿種別: 本文
p.
234-235
発行日: 1999/09/28
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Electric-field-induced reorientation dynamics of LC gels is measured by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy. Quick responce is achieved by high pretilt polyimide film. Dynamic behaviour is affected not only by the structure of gelling agent, but also by the polyimide alignment layer.
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山西 弘子, 冨田 育義, 遠藤 剛
原稿種別: 本文
p.
236-237
発行日: 1999/09/28
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Cyclobutadienecobalt derivatives having long alkoxy lateral groups were prepared by the reaction of acetylenes with (η^5-cyclopentadienyl) bis (triphenylphosphine) cobalt. The mesogenic properties of the cyclobutadienecobalt derivatives were examined by the optical measurement using the crossed polarizers, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction experiments. Cyclobutadienecobalt derivatives showed the thermotropic liquid crystalline phase. The phase transition behavior of cyclobutadienecobalt derivatives was found to be dependent upon the character of the mesogen and of the long alkoxy lateral groups.
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西川 秀幸, 横山 茂樹, 松岡 光進, 根来 雅之, 河田 憲, 岡崎 正樹
原稿種別: 本文
p.
238-239
発行日: 1999/09/28
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The high pretilt alignments of thin layer of discotic liquid crystals, triphenylene benzoates with acryloyl group at each end of radial side chain are generally observed. By examining the possibility of pretilt angle control of discotic compounds, we have achieved homeotropic alignment of them with a certain kind of additives. Homeotropic alignment was confirmed by elipsometric measurement of thin film retardation and polarized microscopic observation of ultra thin cross-sectional images of molecular orientation. This novel alignment was found to achieve without any rubbing treatments of substrate.
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須藤 豪, 川上 正太郎, 高津 晴義
原稿種別: 本文
p.
240-241
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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Vth of LCD is sometimes changed by UV irradiation. To explain this phenomena, Vth and pretilt angle on various kinds of liquid crystal mixtures after UV irradiation were measured. And pretilt angle of some mixtures, which are mixtures of each single component and a base mixture, were measured to study the influence of each single component against pretilt angle of liquid crystal mixtures.
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伊藤 聡, 廣沢 一郎
原稿種別: 本文
p.
242-243
発行日: 1999/09/28
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An optical anisotropy of rubbed polyimide (PI) film has been evaluated by means of a reflection ellipsometry[1]. We applied this method to the evaluation of an actual LCD panel, and succeeded to observe the optical anisotropy of alignment layer. We compared the optical anisotropy of PI on the actual panel and that on the glass prepared in the same rubbing condition. The optical anisotropy of PI on the actual panel was smaller than that on the glass. It might be the influence of the substrate. Dependence of the optical anisotropy on rubbing times was also investigated. The increase of the optical anisotropy was observed with the increase of rubbing times in both of them. It is concluded that the optical anisotropy is also possible to be used for the index of RS(rubbing strength) in LCD flat panel.
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田ノ岡 大輔, 伊藤 聡, 廣沢 一郎
原稿種別: 本文
p.
244-245
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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We develop a new characterization technique for rubbed polymide film for liquid crystal display. This technique enables to observe the optical anisotropy of the rubbed polymide film on one pixel with a high numerical aperture microscope objective, optical polarized devces, and an area CCD camera. We selected the circular polarization as the polarization of the incident light beam to the microscope objective. In the case of the circular polarizedlight beam, the polarization of the incident light to the sample is all incident orientation to the sample. Then the circular polarized incident light beam to the microscope objective enables to measure on one time from all incident orientation without the rotation of TFT panel. This brings a short time of the measurement and an accuracy of the measurement point. We demonstrated a performance of our new technique with a dismantled TFT panel.
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真鍋 典子, 井上 勝, 木村 宗弘, 赤羽 正志
原稿種別: 本文
p.
246-247
発行日: 1999/09/28
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The anchoring energy measurement (polar and azimuth) has been proposed in order to quantity the alignment forces at the interfaces between a liquid crystal layer and alignment layers. In this report, measurement is focused on the azimuth anchoring energy. In order to observe how the switching characteristics of the twisted-nematic(TN)-cells change, we measured the azimuth anchoring energy of the TN-cells which have different rubbing strength. We confirmed that the switching characteristics of TN-cells change by changing the azimuth anchoring energy. We input the azimuth anchoring energy obtained by the experiment to a commercial LCD simulation software to obtain the switching characteristics by calculation, and then studied correlation between such switching characteristics and our test results. We confirmed that there is a good correlation between the calculated results and the experimental results.
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牛ノ浜 洋, 吉川 嘉哲, 高橋 泰樹, 古江 広和, 小林 駿介
原稿種別: 本文
p.
248-249
発行日: 1999/09/28
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A well aligned nematic liquid crystal (NLC), with a negative Δε, ZLI-2806 which is slightly tilted from perfect homeotropic alignment, is successfully fabricated using photoalignment technique. This NLC is used as a host medium for a guest host (GH)LCD. A good contrast ratio of 8:1 is obtained in a system using a single polarizer.
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吉原 敏明, 牧野 哲也, 井上 博史
原稿種別: 本文
p.
250-251
発行日: 1999/09/28
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We investigated the TFT drive of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs). Research on particular polarization switching properties provided us with the technology for quick switching FLCs by using amorphous silicon TFTs. In addition, we clarified gate on time suitable for the TFT drive of FLCs. We created a prototype, and confirmed that it provided gray scale, short response time, high color purity, color balance adjustment, and a wide viewing angle. Our prototype demonstrated that it was possible to create a full-color video rate display based on this technology.
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石原 將市, 服部 勝治, 田中 好紀, 中尾 健次, 上村 強
原稿種別: 本文
p.
252-253
発行日: 1999/09/28
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OCB mode where a display is performed in a bend configuration has been drawing attention as a mode where wide viewing angle is compatible with quick response. One of the main problems to be solved in this mode is the initialization of the LC configuration. By a computer simulation, it has been predicted that the smaller the elastic constant k11, the faster the splay-bend transition and that homogeneously aligned regions assist the splay-bend transition. We also confirmed the above inference experimentally.
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小間 徳夫, 宮下 哲哉, 内田 龍男
原稿種別: 本文
p.
254-255
発行日: 1999/09/28
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Field sequential color LCDs require an LC-mode with a fast response time. For this purpose, we have studied an OCB (Optical Compensated Birefringence) mode that is capable of displaying a gray-scale with high-speed response. However, this mode exhibits a splay alignment at initial state. It requires transition to bend alignment from splay alignment before drive, and it takes a relatively long time. To solve this problem a new method is proposed. It employs an optimized TFT-array structure with a low-temperature p-Si TFT-LCD and a high DC bias is applied to a common electrode at initial state. This new method enable the initial transition to be less than 3 see and no defective pixels.
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田所 利康, 大久保 優晴, 千坂 高雅, 林 祐三
原稿種別: 本文
p.
256-257
発行日: 1999/09/28
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Visible light interference cannot easily be used to measure the cell gaps of assembled LCD devices, especially those incorporating color filters, reflective designs, etc. This is because the intensity of visible light interference is reduced by the optical properties of the color filters and by the similar refractive indices of the alignment film and liquid crystal. However, in the near-infrared, the flat optical responses of these filters do not interfere with cell-gap measurements. Consequently, the near-infrared interference method (NIR-IM) enables us to measure the cell gaps of all types of LCDs and is therefore a promising candidate for an LCD cell gap measurement tool.
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廣沢 一郎
原稿種別: 本文
p.
258-259
発行日: 1999/09/28
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We investigated infrared ellipsometry as a new technique to characterize molecular orientation of rubbed polyimide film. In polarization spectra of reflected infrared beam from rubbed polyimide film on glass substrate, characteristic structures corresponding vibrations of -O-, C-N-C and benzene. Anisotropy of polarization was also observed at the wavenumber corresponding vibrations of C-O-C, C-N-C and benzene. It is expected that infrared reflection ellipsometry can determine polyimide molecular orientation by combining with reflection ellipsometry of visible light.
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常田 成樹, 山口 留美子, 佐藤 進
原稿種別: 本文
p.
260-261
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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Several methods of the twist angle and cell thickness measurements in a nematic liquid crystal cell have been reported, however, it is difficult to accurately determine the combination angle of easy axis between an upper substrate and a lower substrate. Then we prepare the LC cell in which LC molecules align homogeneously on one substrate and axially symmetrically on other substrate. We measure the twist angle and cell thickness of the cell by using a SPM. Next we measure the combination angle and anchoring energy of the cell by using a Jones matrix method and compared these results.
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Doo-Han Chung, Byoungchoo Park, Hideo Takezoe, Hiroshi Yokoyama, Young ...
原稿種別: 本文
p.
262-263
発行日: 1999年
公開日: 2017/01/10
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The out-of-plane (polar) anchoring strength at the interface between pentylcyanobiphenyl (5CB) and alignment layer possessing azo-group in polyimide main chain (P3) was measured using the High Electric Field (HEF) method^<[1-2]>. The anchoring energy was the order of 10^<-4>J/m^2, and that of rubbed P3 was about two times larger than that of pholoaligned P3. A characteristic temperature dependence in the anchoring energy was found to exist near the clearing temperature of 5CB particularly for the photoalignment layer.
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吉川 宏和, 面谷 信, 高橋 恭介
原稿種別: 本文
p.
264-265
発行日: 1999/09/28
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Surface electric charge driving of LC medium was tested using an ion projection head. We used Guest-Host type liquid crystal medium which has dichroic dye in Smectic-ALC droplets. White images on gray background were obtained with contrast ratio of 1.83. Reflection characteristics of this medium were measured and ideal characteristic idependent to reflection angle was obtained. It was confirmed that clear image formation and erasing are repeatedly possible on this medium by using an ion projection head and that this medium has ideal characteristics of viewing angle. Guest-Host type liquid crystal medium with ion projection head is thus considered to be promising as a Digital Paper technology.
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笹木 宣良
原稿種別: 本文
p.
266-267
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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Influence of ion on a flicker was investigated in nematic liquid crystal (NLC) cells. It has been clarified that inner DC field in NLC cell causes the flicker of transmitted light. The flicker by inner DC field is synchronized with applied AC field to the NLC cell. In this experiment, a flicker with half period was found out in the NLC cell contaminated by ion. This characteristic cycle of the change in transmittance is different from that caused by inner DC field. The observation of the flicker can apply to detect mobile ions in the NLC cells.
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中村 浩三, 伊藤 康尚, 木村 直史, 水嶋 繁光
原稿種別: 本文
p.
268-269
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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Several methods have been utilized to measure the reflectance of reflective type liquid crystal display (LCD). They can be classified into two main types, one is the measurement method using the parallel light source, the other is one using the diffused light source. In this work, we measured the reflectance of various types of reflectors by using two methods mentioned above. The results of both measurements lead to that the former reflects the scattering characteristic, the latter reflects the efficiency of reflective light. These characteristics are important factors for the reflective type LCD. Therefore we have proposed new measurement method using weighted and diffused light source in order to evaluate the scattering characteristic and the efficiency of reflective light at the same time.
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米山 賢史, 堤 治, 金澤 昭彦, 塩野 毅, 池田 富樹
原稿種別: 本文
p.
270-271
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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This study describes formation of grating in polymer liquid crystals (PLCs) containing photochromic moiety (azobenzene) and mesogenic unit (tolane or cyanobiphenyl) by means of photoinduced alignment. A remarkable difference was observed between two PLCs containing tolane or cyanobiphenyl unit as a mesogen. The tolane sample showed a faster response for change in the diffraction intensity than PLC containing a cyanobiphenyl unit. To explore the mechanism of the grating formation in more detail, we investigated the photoinduced alignment behavior of the PLCS. In the PLC containing a tolane unit, alignment change took place faster than that of the cyanobiphenyl sample. These results can be explained in terms of mobility of the tolane moiety. By introduction of the tolane unit at the side-chain, diffraction efficiency of about 25% was achieved.
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菊原 純一, 原戸 芳朗, 小野 浩司
原稿種別: 本文
p.
272-273
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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We present an all-optical focal length converter using both large optical nonlinearity and anisotropic complex refractive indices in guest-host nematic liquid crystals (GHLCs). The nonlinear phase modulation was generated by irradiating the GHLCs with a He-Ne laser beam (wavelength; 633 nm) having a Gaussian profile. A laser diode (LD) beam (wavelength; 788 nm) passed at the same point as the He-Ne laser beam spot. The phase of the LD beam was modulated and the LD beam was focused due to the phase modulation. The focal length of the LD beam was varied over a range of several centimeters by controlling the intensity of the He-Nc laser beam.
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齋藤 勲, 小野 浩司
原稿種別: 本文
p.
274-275
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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We charcterized laser benm profiles passed through liquid crystal cells with light-absorption polymer layers. Experimental beam profiles were fitted with those calculated using Kirchhoffs diffraction integral, and the laser induced refractive index change was estinated. The refractive index change was also determined, from heat conduction analysis. The refractive index change obtained from Kirchhoffs diffraction analysis were in good agreement with those from heat conduction analysis.
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川村 智巳, 小野 浩司, 則走 英樹, 川月 喜弘
原稿種別: 本文
p.
276-277
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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Ttle photorefractive (PR) phase shifts in polymer dissolved low-molar-mass liquid ctystal composites (PDLCCs) were investigated. The phase shifts were measured in tile two-beam coupling experiment configuration. The resulting space charge field in PDLCCs was approximately 0.04 V/μm and the value was lower than non liquid crystal PR materials. This means that the photorefractive PDLCCs show high-performance because the reorientation of liquid crystals was easily occurred under low electric field.
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佐々木 健夫, 佐藤 貴史, 升田 まゆみ, 西川 洋平
原稿種別: 本文
p.
278-279
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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The photorefractivity of a series of polymer liquid crystals that possess a 4-nitrobenzylideneaniline moiety or a cyanobiphenyl moiety as a mesogen and simultaneously as a nonlinear optical chromophore was investigated using two-beam coupling experiments. A large diffraction efficiency (η) of 65% under application of a 37V/μm external electric field was obtained in the isotropic phase of a polymer liquid crystal mixed with charge transporting compounds. The photorefractivity was compared between the liquid crystalline polymers and amorphous polymers. The photorefractivity was found to be significantly enhanced in the isotropic phase of the liquid crystalline polymers compared to that of the amorphous polymers with almost the same molecular structure.
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川月 嘉弘, 則定 英樹, 山本 統平, 小野 浩司
原稿種別: 本文
p.
280-281
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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Photorefractive (PR) effect was observed in a new type of polymer (liquid crystal) and low-molecular liquid crystals composites doped with 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF). We synthesized methacrylate copolymers composing a cyanophenyl benzoate (BeCN) side-group and a carbazoyl cthoxy side-group. Copolymer showed nematic phase when BeCN composition was 80% or more. High PR performance was obtained in the composite that exhibiled liquid crystalline phase without any phase separation. Two beam coupling method revealed that the optical gain of the composite film was 200/cm at 5000V/cm in the Bragg-diffracfion region.
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伊達 宗和, 越石 佳枝
原稿種別: 本文
p.
282-283
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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The resolution of a high-polymer-content liquid-crystal/liquid-crystal-polymer (LC/LCP) composite, which is effective for fabricating active birefringent optical films with a fine three-dimensional structure, was studied. By irradiating interferential fringes of ultra-violet light from an argon-ion laser, active and normally transparent holographic gratings with up to 1500 line-pairs/mm could be fabricated. The diffraction efficiency increased with the applied electric field., but the rate of change depended on the pitch of the grating and the relative directions of the grating lattice and rubbing. The limit of pitch represents the resolution of the material. The directional dependence arises from anisotropic growth of the polymer network.
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金澤 昭彦, 池田 富樹
原稿種別: 本文
p.
284-285
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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The ability to control alignment of liquid-crystalline molecules is very important in development of liquid crystal devices. In this study, we present a novel approach to liquid crystal alignment by means of polar thin films produced by nonmetal and metal complex salts which are [Me_APBr] and [Me_4P]_2[CdBr_4], respectively. The solid-state thin films could be readily prepared by casting a sample solution in methanol or acetonitrile onto a glass substrate. The films were then dried, and a few drops of 4'-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) as nematic liquid crystal were added onto the thin films, The alignment behavior of 5CB on the surface of the polar thin films was investigated by polarizing microscopy. The preliminary result indicated that the homogeneous alignment was induced spontaneously.
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山根 基, 高西 陽一, 石川 謙, 竹添 秀男
原稿種別: 本文
p.
286-287
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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The photoconductivity in liquid crystalline phthalocyanine derivatives was studied by means of the time-of-flight technique. The measurements were performed for two phthalocyanine derivatives at various temperatures. The transient photocurrent with a plateau region was observed only in the discotic tetragonal phase of the H-phthalocyanine derivative. For that condition, the charge carriers were confirmed to be holes and their mobility was evaluated to be 9 10^<-3> cm^3/V that is almost one-order larger than that of triphenylene discotic liquid crystals.
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山中 卓郎, 山口 留美子, 佐藤 進
原稿種別: 本文
p.
288-289
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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We propose a novel in-plane switching liquid crystal micro optical device. The cells are prepared using divided circularly hole patterned electrodes substrates which are coated by alignment films with different azimuthal anchoring. Liquid crystal molecules are controlled by rotating in-plane field and electro-optical properties are measured. When using the weak azimuthal anchoring substrate, it is possible to control the polarizing direction in accordance with electric field direction.
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西門 産盛, 福田 隆史, 松田 宏雄, 宮地 洋史, 加藤 政雄
原稿種別: 本文
p.
290-291
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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We synthesized a novel double-end crosslinkable liquid crystal divinyl monomer and developed new setf-photocontrollable liquid crystal devices driven by the same pumping and probing light. The experiments were carried out by two steps. First is to form a polymerized wall between an aligning surface and liquid crystal molecules in bulk in antiparallel rubbed cells; it was accomplished by the irradiation of Ar ion laser (488 nm). Second is the measurement of the transmiltance with the change of the power of observation light in lhe cross-polarized optical microscope. The cell before the photoirradiation didn't show any extraordinary behavior with the change of the power of observation light. After the photoirradiation, however, the observed transmission of light is reduced with increasing the power of observation light and finally transmitted light is extinguished. We confirmed that its unusual behavior is due to the switching between the homogeneous and homeotropic states. In these devices, the interruption of the surface-molecules interaction by the polymerized wall plays an important role.
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曽田 庄一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
292-293
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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The photo-voltaic effect in anti-ferroelectcic liquid crystal cells mixed with one of the dyestuffs of methyl red, methyl orange, P-benzoquinone, brilliant green, brilliant blue, crystal violet, methyl violet and disperse diazo black D with a semiconductor wafer used as one of the electrodes was investigated. The photo-electromotive force by the illumination strength of 1000 lux on the incident light of the fluorescent lamp was measured. The photo e. m. f. increased on the thin film cells compared with the thick cells. The photo e. m. f. on concerning the reflectance by the color chart and color of the dyestuffs was examined but the correlated relationship of them was not obtained on the photo e. m. f. by changing the dyestuffs. It was considered that the photo e. m. f. generated by the chemical reaction between the dyestuffs and liquid crystal.
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氏家 誠司, 矢野 由美
原稿種別: 本文
p.
294-295
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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Novel amphiphilic liquid crystals with a chiral tartrate unit were synthesized, and their thermal and liquid crystalline properties were examined. Intermolecular interactions between the liquid crystalline amphiphile and a chiral molecule were estimated. The liquid crystals showed a smectic A phase on heating and cooling. The liquid crystal (L-N) having a hydrogen L(+)-tartrate unit and D(-)-tartric acid formed a liquid crystalline complex. L-N was miscible with L(+)-tartaric acid, however, they did not show the complexation.
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櫻井 郁子, 川村 泰彬
原稿種別: 本文
p.
296-297
発行日: 1999/09/28
公開日: 2017/01/10
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Growth behaviour of myelin figures of egg-yolk lecithin(egg-PC) and water or water/glycerin systems under free growth condition was studied. Different from the conventional method to obtain myelin figures, i.e. growth between cover and slide glasses set with a gap of several tens of microns, in which they grow inevitably contacting with the glass surfaces, they are allowed to grow freely in an aqueous medium without any contact with a glass surface. It was observed that myelin figures grew straight downward from a lump of egg-PC in L_α phase floating on the surface of the aqueous medium suggesting a larger density than the medium.
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