The Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers
Online ISSN : 1881-6908
Print ISSN : 1342-6907
ISSN-L : 1342-6907
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Volume 62, Issue 11
Displaying 1-38 of 38 articles from this issue
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  • Computer-generated Pseudo Holograms Using Complex Hadamard Transform and Application of Embedding into Dithered Images
    Ken-ichi Tanaka, Yasuhito Fujita, Ryota Isoi
    2008 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1746-1761
    Published: November 01, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.62.1746
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    A computer-generated pseudo hologram was synthesized using the complex Hadamard transform instead of the Fourier transform used to synthesize a computer-generated hologram. As a result, an image was reconsurcted through ae simulation, and a result that was similar result that from to the Fourier transform was obtained for the binary phase quantization, although a physical image (optical reconstructed image) was obtained. In addition, we propose the application of computer-generated pseudo holograms, which are used to hide the confidential information in a dither image. The strength of a StirmMark attack on a dithered image embedded with computer-generated pseudo holograms is weaker than the results of that using the Fourier transform hologram. It was previously reported that there was the possibility of the use of the computer generated holograms for information security.
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  • Adaptive Picture Direction Inversion Coding for Enhancing H.264/AVC
    Tomokazu Murakami, Isao Karube, Hiroaki Ito, Masashi Takahashi
    2008 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1762-1767
    Published: November 01, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.62.1762
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    We have developed a new video coding method called adaptive picture direction inversion coding (APDIC) that improves coding efficiency by utilizing the dependency of the spatial direction of images in intra/inter coding. This method involves inverting the direction of input pictures horizontally and/or vertically, and then selecting the best pattern by using a rate-distortion optimization method. Decoders can identify the selected inverting pattern by using an "invert flag" in the bitstream so that they can decode the sequence in the right position. We implemented APDIC into a H.264/AVC based video encoder. The experimental results show that the bitrate obtained using this method is reduced by up to 4.3% for natural image sequences and 7.6% for the most typical artificial images.
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  • A Fast Algorithm of Video Super-Resolution Using Dimensionality Reduction by DCT and Example Selection
    Kiyotaka Watanabe, Yoshio Iwai, Tetsuji Haga, Masahiko Yachida
    2008 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1768-1776
    Published: November 01, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.62.1768
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    In learning-based super-resolution algorithms, there are two major problems. One is that they require a large amount of memory to store examples; the other is the high computational cost of finding the nearest neighbors in the database. We have developed a novel learning-based video super-resolution algorithm with less memory requirements and computational cost. To this end, we adopted discrete cosine transform coefficients for feature vector components. Moreover, we designed an example selection procedure to construct a compact database. We conducted evaluative experiments using MPEG test sequences and real images to synthesize a high-resolution video. Experimental results show that our method improves the effectiveness of super-resolution algorithms, while preserving the quality of synthesized images.
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  • A Video Noise-Reducer with Precise Motion Compensation Prediction
    Masahiko Achiha, Haruhiko Takemae, Wei Chen
    2008 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1777-1784
    Published: November 01, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.62.1777
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    This paper proposes a new noise reducer for motion pictures. The current noise reducers generate afterimages in moving areas. Therefore, they are of insufficient quality. We have developed a new noise reducer that adds a precise motion compensation circuit to an existing noise reducer. The new noise reducer does not generate afterimages in the moving area. As a result, better noise reducing characteristics are acquired and, thus, higher quality motion pictures are obtained.
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  • Spatio-temporal Rate Control Based on a Maximization of a Subjective As-sessment Value and Its Application to Video Coding
    Toshiyuki Yoshida, Jun'ichi Yamagata, Shin'ichi Tanaka
    2008 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1785-1793
    Published: November 01, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.62.1785
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    Since the bandwidth required for real-time video communication cannot always be available on a network, the number of frames per second and the average bit amount for a single frame should be controlled suitably to obtain the highest possible video quality in a restricted bandwidth. To alleviate the problem, the authors have developed a spatio-temporal rate control technique that maximizes an estimation of MOS. From a practical point of view, however, this approach offers little freedom in coding-parameter tuning and in the frame rate control. Although improved techniques have been presented for these difficulties, a detailed encoding algorithm under the spatio-temporal rate control has not been investigated. This paper thus proposes a novel spatio-temporal rate control and video coding techniques based on our MOS estimation and frame rate control techniques, and it shows their validity and effectiveness. Some applications of the proposed technique are also discussed. We have determined that 75% of videos encoded by the proposed technique give almost equal or better subjective quality compared with the conventional fixed-frame-rate approach.
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  • A Method for Removing Combined Blur of an Image
    Kenji Kamimura, Kensuke Hashimoto, Hitomi Ito, Norimichi Tsumura, Tosh ...
    2008 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1794-1800
    Published: November 01, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.62.1794
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    Many image processing methods have been developed for clearing up a blurred image. However, they cannot process an image that contains multiple kinds of blurs (e.g. camera shake, motion blur, out of focus, etc.), or what is called a combined blur image. Therefore, we propose a method for deblurring a combined blur image that contains two kinds of blurs, a system point spread function (PSF) and camera shakes. In addition, we take into account image enhancements, such as edge reinforcement and gamma correction, which is usually contained in images taken with consumer cameras, and that is not considered in conventional methods. The results show our method improved the deblurring performance for combined blur images.
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  • A Latency-Estimation Model for Local Area Tele-Conference Network
    Yasuyuki Miura, Michiaki Katsumoto
    2008 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1801-1809
    Published: November 01, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.62.1801
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    The communication environment is diverse. Therefore, we proposed a VOP decision-making algorithm, which can be used to adaptively select an arrangement of VOPs (Video Object Planes). This algorithm properly encodes movies depending on the power of the CPU. However, it is difficult to estimate the transmission latency when a movie is streamed in real-time. We estimate the time cost of transmitting when sending/receiving MPEG-4 objects in a one-to-one MPEG communication environment. Our results show that our method can be used to accurately estimate encoding and decoding latency.
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  • Color Information Extraction Method for Image Compression Coding Using Colorization
    Takamichi Miyata, Yuki Komiyama, Yasuhiro Inazumi, Yoshiyuki Yashima, ...
    2008 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1810-1818
    Published: November 01, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.62.1810
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    Novel image compression approaches that use a process called colorization, which is a method for adding color to a monochrome image, has recently been proposed. Almost all the proposed methods represent color information by using a set of color points. However, in an area with flat chrominance and variant luminance, we need redundant points to correctly decode color. We propose a color information extraction method that represents color information as a set of color lines. To effectively extract lines from an input image, color clustering and tentative color information have been introduced. The experimental results show that our proposed method allows us to drastically suppress the color information compared to existing colorization-based coding and conventional JPEG compression.
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  • A Study of MPEG-2 to H.264 Intra Transcoding for Progressive Contents
    Takeshi Yoshitome, Jiro Naganuma, Yoshiyuki Yashima
    2008 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1819-1824
    Published: November 01, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.62.1819
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    An MPEG-2 to H.264 intra transcoding method for progressive contents has been developed. This method uses the encoding information from the MPEG-2 stream and keeps as many DCT coefficients of the original MPEG-2 bitstream as possible. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves about 0.53-1.80 dB in PSNR compared with the conventional method.
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  • Automatically Generating Best Shot Image using Blink Detection Method in Various Shooting Conditions
    Yuya Ozaki, Jun-ichi Imai, Masahide Kaneko
    2008 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1825-1832
    Published: November 01, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: May 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.62.1825
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    Photographs often have some people with closed eyes. A method to automatically output a best shot image in which all photographed members have open eyes is proposed. First a series of photographs (here 6 frames) is taken by using the continuous release function in commercial digital cameras. Blinking by each person is checked in each frame, and a frame in which all members have open eyes is selected. Blinking detection is carried out by calculating the normalized correlation between a 30 × 7 pixels open eyes template and input frames of reduced size. For a case where no frame exists in which all members have open eyes, the closed eye image is replaced by an open eye image obtained in a different frame. Experimental results for 18 photographs taken under various shooting conditions show the usefulness of the proposed method for automatically outputting a best shot image.
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  • Width Reduction in Panoramic Images by Entropy Equalization
    Yusuke Matsushima, Kohei Inoue, Kiichi Urahama
    2008 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1833-1835
    Published: November 01, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.62.1833
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    We describe a method for reducing the width of panoramic images with high aspect ratios on the basis of the entropy in local color histograms computed for each column in the images. We equalize the entropy for the width of a panoramic image, thereby widening the regions that have high entropy values and narrowing the regions that have low entropy values. Our experimental results show that this method can reduce the width of panoramic images more effectively and more quickly than the seam carving method presented by Avidan et al.
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  • Use of Images in Internet Photo Sharing Sites for Example-Based Super-Resolution
    Satoshi Kondo, Hanieh Taipalus, Tadamasa Toma, Takafumi Aoki
    2008 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1836-1839
    Published: November 01, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.62.1836
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    Example-based super-resolution is an image interpolation algorithm that uses a database of training images to create plausible high-frequency details in zoomed images. The algorithm is fairly simple; however its performance heavily depends on the database. In particular, when the characteristics of a target image to be magnified are different from the training images, the quality of the super-resolved image degrades. By creating a database consisting of a few training images that closely resemble the target image, we have solved the above problem and improved the performance of example-based super-resolution. This is done by transforming selected images which are downloaded from Internet photo sharing sites, to match their characteristics with those of the target image before adding them to the database. The advantage of this method is that by skillfully creating a database of suitable training images, we are able to improve the quality of the super-resolved image.
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  • Lossless Coding of Bayer Color Filter Array Images Using Block-Adaptive Prediction
    Toshiyuki Abe, Ichiro Matuda, Susumu Itoh
    2008 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1840-1843
    Published: November 01, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.62.1840
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    A novel lossless coding scheme for images captured with the Bayer color filter array (CFA), which is widely employed for color digital cameras having a single image sensor, is proposed. The scheme uses a block-adaptive prediction method to exploit spatial and spectral correlations in local areas containing different color signals. To allow adaptive prediction suitable for the respective color signals, four kinds of liner predictors that correspond to 2 × 2 samples of the Bayer CFA are simultaneously switched block-by-block. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme attains 9--15% better coding efficiency than the JPEG 2000-based lossless coding scheme.
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  • Elimination of Conjugate Image for Hologram Using Resolution Redistribution Optical System
    Yuki Hayashi, Yasuhiro Takaki
    2008 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1852-1857
    Published: November 01, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.62.1852
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    We have already proposed a resolution redistribution optical system, which alters the ratio of the horizontal and vertical resolutions of an SLM. Using this technique increases the horizontal resolution by K times and decreases the vertical resolution by 1/K times so the horizontal viewing angle becomes approximately K times larger when our technique is used for displaying holograms. However, a conjugate image appeared. In our work, the resolution redistribution technique was improved and, thus this image is eliminated. Thus, our technique can be used to generate only an object wave. The horizontal resolution becomes K times larger and the vertical resolution becomes 1/2K times smaller. We demonstrated a fourfold enlargement of the horizontal resolution, which increased the horizontal viewing angle to 15° without generating any conjugate image.
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  • A Median Filter for Preserving Image Quality Based on the Analysis of Real Impulse Noises
    Park SAEM, Takahiko Horiuchi, Shoji Tominaga
    2008 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1858-1865
    Published: November 01, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.62.1858
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    Well-known denoising methods using a median filter can restore images corrupted by random-valued impulse noise. However, because such filters treat all pixels in an image the same, they often modify pixel values that are not contaminated by noise. We describe a new adaptive median filter that analyzes actual noise. Our algorithm can detect a noise component based on the noise characteristics and replace the component with an appropriate signal component. The effectiveness of our algorithm was demonstrated in experiments using actual natural images including real noise.
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  • Temporal Video Completion by Inserting Another Video Segment
    Ryota Shoji, Naoko Nitta, Noboru Babaguchi
    Subject area: Information Sensing Technologies
    2008 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1866-1873
    Published: November 01, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.62.1866
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    When a scene is recorded with a camcorder, there may be disruptions such as object interference or battery exhaustion resulting in missing segments in the recorded video. A temporal video completion method that inserts a video segment captured by another camera in the place of such a faulty segment is proposed. In the proposed method, a user initially uses an interface to select both faulty and preferred segments from videos captured by two different cameras. To minimize the visual difference at the transition points between the two videos, the most similar frames to those previous to and following the faulty segment are detected around both ends of the preferred segment as the start and the end frames of the inserted segment. Note that, in order to prevent artifacts as much as possible, the length of the inserted segment can be different from the length of the faulty segment. Visually plausible video completion is then achieved by smoothing the motion and color gaps between the transition frames and completing the missing regions by using spatio-temporal features of the video. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the visual plausibility of the completed videos by changing the distance between the camera and the recorded target or between two cameras.

    We apologize here, we carried 1,638 pages of color photos of the October issue article (no. 10, vol.62, pp.1633 - 1640) with monochrome. This is the correct version.
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  • Regional Development Through Establishing Autonomy in China and Japan
    Feng Liu, Makoto Hirano, Tomohiro Kubo, Peiqian Liu, Junhong Zhang
    2008 Volume 62 Issue 11 Pages 1844-1851
    Published: November 01, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: November 01, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3169/itej.62.1844
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    Regional disparity has become a major problem in both China and Japan. Governments are emphasizing developing rural areas (Japan: depopulation region) to decrease the economic gap they have with major urban centers. This paper compares two successful cases in each country and identifies a sustainable development approach to establishing local autonomy to develop business and/or industry. The factors of success in these two cases were analyzed, and some implications and insights were clarified. Local specialties should be taken into account, and adopting a suitable strategy and establishing autonomy for the local people is a realistic and effective approach to developing the socio-economy of regional areas and to narrowing the disparity. During this development, a wise leader or a team of leaders is essential, and this leader (s) also must have open communication with the local community.
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