The purpose of this paper is to make clear the current issues of public Museums in Japan on the view of institutional transformation of National Museums to the Dokuritsu-gyosei-hojin. It is clear that the current issues of public Museums almostly depend on the absence of independence on Museum-manegement. Therefore I discussed how we can realize the independence on Museum-manegement in this paper.

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The learning effect of consumption is one of the causes of “cultivation of taste”. In this paper, we analyze this effect theoretically. First, we construct the model of this phenomenon as a Markov chain model. Constructing the model, we assume that our consumers maximize their short-term utility, and that the learning effect is stochastic rather than deterministic. Second, we analyze this model with the simulation method, on the assumption that there are consumers whose preferences differ from each other according to their human capital level. Then, we compare the effectiveness of price controls and educational policy.

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On the base of “Arm's length principle”, J. M. Keynes built up Britain's support system for arts and culture between W. W. II. This is public finance system that is independent of the parliament and government and that removes political interfere and secures freedom of expression. But this faced some problems of fiscal crisis in 1970's. Example for the rent-seeking by national company, the corpulent of bureaucratic system and sudden increase of arts grant. As a result, they think it is important for as the taxpayer and appreciator as the artist and arts group. They are reforming national and regional support systems now.

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This paper investigates historical material to examine the formation of ‘modern consumers’. It examines the ways in which department stores developed different cultural, educational and entertainment strategies in order to produce consumers. One key aspect here was the development of a ‘consumer gaze’ which encouraged the ‘pleasures of seeing.’ Also important was the way in which department stores adopted strategies taken from world expositions and exhibitions on how to frame and present ‘the new.’ The paper also examines the embodied nature of the consumer gaze and the ways in which a new way of seeing was encouraged through both advertising and the actual practices within department stores.

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Takarazuka Symphony Orchestra established in 1926 was the only professional orchestra in the Kansai district before World War II. This orchestra originally played the accompaniment for the girl opera, and rapidly developed with the backing of the big capital, Hankyu. However, in the mid-1930's, the activities of Takarazuka Symphony Orchestra were made to stagnate, because Hankyu capital came to make light of the orchestra activities. The actual conditions of the management of Takarazuka Symphony Orchestra which is unknown until now will be clarified by this thesis.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the situation of participants in entertainments in “ONJYOKAN”. The hall plays one of roles to spread culture over many people and is managed by planning many entertainments by itself. In all entertainments held by the halls, women occupy most of participants and most of participants are of the age of '60 and older with respect to age. As many people living near the hall participate in the entertainments and more than two times, it is recognized that ONJYOKAN become a familiar facility to us. Information about entertainment are spread by a public relations magazine called “DAYORI” and by communication among a limited number of people.

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