Pilot fatigue, which causes 21% incidents in US Civil Aviation, 25% lethal accidents in US Air Force's night tactical flight, and 12% lethal accident in US Navy, has been recognized as an insidious threat through out aviation. Despite our recognition of fatigue, no guideline was published until 2011, due to its difficulty in objective assessment. Recently, objective assessment for fatigue has been partly established and contributed to open guidelines. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) published guidebook as "Plain language about shiftwork" in 1997. Aerospace Medical Association published position paper as "Fatigue countermeasures in aviation" in 2009. International Air Transport Association (IATA), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), and International Federation of Air Line Pilots’Association (IFALPA) published "Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) Implementation guide for operators" in 2011.
Those guidelines says that aviation-related fatigue is caused by disorder of sleep and circadian rhythm. Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) or Motion logger watch (Actigraphy) are recommended for objective assessment of fatigue. Best counter measures for shift work and aviation related fatigue are adequate sleep. We review those guidelines and discuss applicability for safe flight in Japan Air Self-Defense Force.

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