Since ICT for Development has become a development agenda, many governments of developing countries have introduced ICT in public sector to effectively reach development goals. However, in a country where most people lead self-sufficient life in rural farms, what kind of effect can we expect from using ICT in public services? This article tries to answer this question by studying a case in Bhutan, an ICT-lead reform in vehicle registration and drivers' licensing services at Road Safety and Transport Authority (RSTA). The case study shows that the improvement in the equality of services is the most prominent among other effects.

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Key system for municipality should be constructed over the common standard but also customizable for each municipality by open source. But as the population scale or the times of the introduction are different, the various key systems are introduced by each municipality and are operated in different circumstances. In order to realize the nationwide key system operated over the common standard the open source system would helpful as it is easy to customize. Efficiency improvement of nationwide construction and operation of the key system of the municipality by the construction of a common standard system is examined.

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Corporations use internet as a tool for one-to-one marketing.
However, it is not necessarily effective for corporations targeting to the elder generation, as they use less internet than other age groups.
Changes are foreseen, nonetheless, as some web sites have been designed exclusively for the elder generation.This paper discusses limitations and future prospects of web marketing for the elder, with case studies.

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This paper investigates the effective and suitable webpage formats in expressing the "quality of service" towards the potential customers. An experimental study was conducted on a website to clarify the differential effects of alternative webpage formats depending on the trustworthiness of the sender.

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The Theory of Community Network Study is composed of CN typology, Project Management theory, and Communication Coordinator theory. It is difficult to understand CN activities by coordinating these theories.
In this report, I will try to apply Social Capital approach to CN study, in order to make it easier to understand the relationship of the three components.
Therefore, such better understanding of CN theory should contribute to fruitful CN activities.

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In recent years, child-care focused on each child's development is strongly required because of the diversification of children's qualities. Authors focused on "development records" this time and proposed this record would be important information in the child-care community to grasp children's development. First, we assembled items of records and put standard evaluation which can evaluate children objectively. Second, we proposed a tool which can share information from the records we made. In this paper, we report explanation of existent "e-Infant Education System" and describe making process of items in development records and a making development records tool. Finally, we report the evaluation of experiments with these records.

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Appropriate balance of competition and cooperation produces organizational good performance. The purpose of this paper is to consider the mechanism of competition and cooperation, their proper balance, using gaming.

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This paper proposes a theoretical framework to analyze how private nonprofit organizations (NPOs) simultaneously adapt to and remain autonomous against the institutional environment. Existing theories of organization-environment relationship fall short of explaining how NPOs take advantage of institutions. The proposed framework supposes that NPOs can acquire and maintain certain degree of autonomy by utilizing the conflicts between institutions around the organization as deterrent.

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Deregulation of liquor sale was enforced, and a lot of new comers with strong competitive power appeared. KLC Co. Ltd proposed and constructed new circulation business model "Cluster network system" that used the Internet for the liquor stores. This new circulation network keeps the judgment that storekeepers connected to an area independently alive, and a participation shop is the system which can cooperate by strong communication support. This produces independence and cooperation of each participation storekeepers and gives result more than expected.

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In CRM of the local government, it is expected that the call center is a means to lead to not only the correspondence of the inquiry but also the policymaking. However, it is an important issue how to use of the call center for the policymaking. In this paper, we analyze it about the call center of the local government based on a few case studies, and we examine the direction in the near future.

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Handling of personal information by local government has become the so- called "public concern" . While personal information is necessary for public services, further review is required as excessively accumulated information may bring about possibilities of intensive monitoring of the information. In this point of view, taking notice of examples in Sendai-city and analyzing how the information is linked to each other, the outline of the information distributed and accumulated in the cross-divisional basis is clarified. As a preliminary conclusion, we can say that information technology has not yet provided any qualitative changes in handling personal information so far.

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The investments to the information systems are accompanied by the risks. Local governments have to be confronted with such kind of risks in promoting electronic local governments. Then, social facilitation mechanisms are required for sharing the risks. In this paper, three models of the social facilitation mechanisms are developed and compared in terms of expected social welfare. A finding is that cooperation of local governments facilitated by the central governments with using subsidy is useful only when the ability of the vendor is not matured. Otherwise, autonomous cooperation by local governments or independence of local governments is recommended.

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In 2004 central government started deploying EA, and now incorporated administrative agencies and local governments has stared EA. But, different from private enterprises that have possibilities of IT governance, these public organizations have their own problems for promoting EA, which based on difference of IT approach.
On this paper, comparing EA approach between central governance and private enterprises, I propose the right approach of EA for these public organizations.

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In this study the trend and the political issue of the E-government is clarified by analyzing two kinds of investigation data. One is time series data by the E- field and the scale of population through all local government, another is the latest data about the citizen oriented portal site building through city government.

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We examine the e-government progress level of the local government based on the questionnaire survey intended for local government in May 2004. It is thought that the e-government progress advances at the level of the input, the output, and the outcome there. The difference of the digitalization level considers whether to cause it based on the assumption according to the type of the local government such as prefecture, government-designated city, special ward and city.

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We modeled interactions between government agencies and public as games of risk information disclosure using game theory, interpreted the public payoff structure using March and Simon's theory of satisficing decision-making, and interpreted the government agencies' payoff structures using Tversky and Kahneman's cumulative prospect theory. In the case of risk neutral value function, we classified interactions between government agencies and public into four games: a voluntary disclosure game, an assurance game, an information searching game, and a compulsory disclosure game. And in the case of risk seeking value function, we classified into five games: a voluntary disclosure game, a chicken game, a trust game, an information searching game, and a compulsory disclosure game.

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This paper deals with grounds which enterprises utilize information on online community for their business. When system trust which proposed by Niklas Luhmann is built up in online communities, information in there will trust greater. It does not mean that the information is distinguished between true or false, and also does not become clear or exact. It means that the online community becomes strongly to affect for current and prospect users in the online community. Then the utilization value of the information increases and enterprises may trust the information.

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We have expected that activation of the communication with CMC network causes reconstruction of regional community. But for the present, it would seem that the sufficient result is not achieving. In order us to manage the information technology which everyday keeps advancing, active intention, intelligence, and fresh conception are necessary. It is required that the effective mechanism pulls out those.

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In order to estimate the possibility of a personal network building by sharing monologues within a group, we developed a prototype system, which applies means of social network building. Using this prototype system, we conducted a 2-month-experiment with 41 first-year Masters' students as a user group to obtain feedback of the system. We studied the correlation between the results of the weekly questionnaire and the ways in which the user group utilized the system in order to study the potential of such system.

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Under the SECI model was executed in the Japan management organization, we proposed a "Project coupon system". It is a method for the promotion of needed "Interaction of an individual voluntary action and the group". In this thesis, "Project coupon system" was modeled for multiagent simulation.

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The purpose of this paper is to observe the mechanism of evolution in the cooperation, employing a scale-free (SF) network as a structure among players in the iterated prisoner's dilemma (IPD) game. The evolution of cooperation has been discussed in the 2-Dimension Keeping (2DK) structure, however, the scale-free network structure must be a better representation of relations among people in our society. We employ the agent based approach to simulate the evolution of cooperation among agents in the scale-free network, and discuss a strategy of agents in the IPD. Of the results of simulation, the evolution of cooperation in the SF network is observed that the cooperation can evolve in a cooperation taken at the end in the SF network, and that the tolerant strategy of agent in a hub results in a collapse of cooperation in the SF network. These results suggest that a focal person in the social network has to employ a strict strategy to deal with his/her social relations.

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In this paper, the end-display effect was examined across many items dealt in a supermarket and investigated from various perspectives. Concerning the economic value of display place- "end space" , an approach to provide a useful index to decide the allowance between retailing field and manufacturer was introduced.

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In order that a company may raise a profit continuously, it has to improve the operating process and to create new businesses. In such business activities, ICT is one of the most effective measures. However, there is a scarcity of the fund, talented people, know-how of ICT-izing in many SMEs. Therefore, the governmental agencies implement various supports to promote ICT-izing of SMEs. But it's not obvious that they are useful enough to help the business of SMEs. So we carried out the questionnaire to SMEs of Higashi-Osaka City and Ota Ward to assess what's really going on. Through the use of findings from the analysis, we want to examine the state of the support measures which governmental agencies have to conduct.

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Mutual knowledge sharing of the specification description is the key to the success of the procurement contract and building of constructiv cooperation between a buyer and a supplier. We present the stages of the development of the cooperative firm management model and propose an e-procurement system which will lead to the discovery of adaptive knowledge sharing between buyers and suppliers.

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It is groped between various subjects such as the administration, the enterprise, NPO, and the citizens to whom various approaches concerning the local vitalization surround the local society in recent years. The measure and the project for the community building are promoting the local populace's positive participation on the inside in which it aims at the construction of a sustainable local society at the same time. In this research, the current state and the problem concerning the motivation and obstruction factor are considered from the current state of the citizen's participation for the activation of the region.

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This study looked at the villages of Itsuki in Kumamoto Prefecture, Kito in Tokushima Prefecture and Kitayama in Wakayama Prefecture, areas where energetic efforts are being made toward local revival through the use of "e-business, "in order to elucidate features of the use of IT for regional promotion. The villages of Itsuki and Kito share similar-sized populations, and they are also alike in being sites of nationally known regional disputes surrounding dam construction. Paradoxically, these disputes can be seen as having provided an opportunity for the birth of regional promotion through e-business. And even though the efforts in all three villages have the aim of enabling remote villages in the mountains to do business and make a profit, they have in fact given rise to a form of Internet-based "urban area and village exchange. "Future research might include the collection and examination of other examples of the same sort of situation from all over the country for comparative study.

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Recently, the movement of South Korea's Community FM Broadcasting beginning, too is active. It seems that the possibility that the development of the digital communication technology and the Community FM Broadcasting movement that becomes active worldwide are new also influences the background.
In this research, the current state of the Community FM Broadcasting movement in South Korea is understood through a recent material collection and the case study, etc, and the background and the main discussion and the problem, etc. are examined. As a result, the possibility of the Public Access there will be stated in the future of the South Korea Community FM Broadcasting in the future.

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The Web Site of local government is being reorganized to play an important role to serve to the resident, to goal; "Local e-Government". We have been searching the present condition of work of local government. We had sent questionnaire to all local government offices in Niigata.
The result of those research and analysis is clarified that the kind of the main section to manage web site gives birth to the difference of not only the system of promotion but also the update frequency, or the content of service to the resident.

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How is electronic local government policy likely to contribute to local democracy as well as local development? How to define the position of portal sites and electronic forums on the entire spectrum of electronic local government policy? The main purpose of this research is to make a study on the complex webs of interactions between various nodes, such as government, social, political and economic actors in electronic local government policy. Moreover, there is discussion of how electronic local government policy and network governance should be closely related to each other.

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The communication activities was analyzed for Fujisawa-city e-forum with many numbers of participants and speakers, and the typification was tried. While extracting four types from the number of times of an utterance and length of an utterance tree, it was analyzed whether these types would have the combination of what kind of communication pattern.

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[in Japanese]

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A variety of reputation information accompanies all the people and things are usually reputated. In the information society these reputation information can be seen as the most strategic element to survive. However, it is not easy to judge whether reputation information is useful or not in the present Internet world. Then, we proposes " Peer Review Bulletin Board System " to understand reputation information more, and we observe and consider reputation information using it.

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Conventionally, IT (information technology) internal controls were evaluated apart from the internal controls as functions which people achieves.
So, in this paper, by applying "resources base approach" to analysis of the component of internal controls, relation with IT in each component of internal controls was divided into resources (tangible asset and intangible asset, organizational capabilities) and activity, and the relation of the framework of internal controls and IT was specified. By detailing this analysis from now on, I aim at construction of effective internal controls, and think that it can profit as technique for performing proper evaluation.

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Consent to the purpose of use of individual information had been analyzed by the social exchange theory, therefore it was clarified that "the individual's right to control the circulation of information relating to oneself" was the one exchanged for trust. And, it insists that individual information be the one to be protected because of fiduciary relation that develops from trust.

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The law on the protection of personal information in the telecommunications business was enforced in 2005 fiscal year in Japan. This will increase the need to study about information privacy. However, we don't have validated measure that we can apply in Japan today. Therefore we applied a set of information-privacy measure that was invented and validated by Smith et al. (1996) to a class of students in a Japanese university to confirm the validity. Although the measure was invented about ten years ago in USA in a different environment, we confirmed the validity as a whole.

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Focus will then be shifted to the phases in which the communities centered around SOHO have been created and accumulated in Mitaka City. This was done by classifying them into three types in order of chronology; "CO-OP" type, "Individual Activities: I.A." type, "WAVE" type. The thesis will also mention the manner in which the public sector has been involved in the community building process and how these communities have contributed toward stimulating the entire local society. Further, it will emphasize the role of coordinators in creating each of these communities.

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In this study, we reorganized the official input-output table of 2000 and produced a new input-output table which consists of 28 goods industries and 28 service industries. Using this new input-output table and Miyazawa's interaction model of goods industries and service industries, we clarified characteristics of the information industry which consists of the communication, broadcasting and advertising industries. Further we estimated the effect of the information industry in inducing production for each industry through interindustry transactions. In addition, we examined quantitatively how the information industry is connected with the service economy.

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A technology innovation tries to happen around RFID (IC TAG) in Supply Chain Management. The purpose of this paper is to verify the application of logistics system using RFID Technology in the estimated cost for environment.

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In recent years, local structure is changing. Then, what role can community media play in forming and sending community information? By first, I clarify the current state and the problem of community media by using an existing investigation. Next, I make the role which community media should play to the pattern by using community paper and CATV as a case. I search for the possibility of community media in the future based on them.

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"An Information Technology Depot Scheme" is the suggestion of the area computerization of Osaka City. We are trying to make a lively place by this Scheme. It gives the outline of "An Information Technology Depot Scheme" first. The live broadcast by Internet and an Internet Video Conference were held as an actual proof experiment. That result is expressed. It was proved that it could be classified in case of three as a result of the experiment by the speed of the communication lines and the environment.

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Recently, the Government and a lot of municipalities are working on the regional informatization. However, many of them don't get enough fruit of the regional vitalization. It is the result of their policies which invite outside company or industry. To contribute for regional vitalization, regional informatization should relate to regional resources they already have.

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This thesis proposes evaluation model of e-Local goverment composed of four items. Next, the computerization of the administrative service and the introduction of Local-Area-Network in Local governmet are paid to attention. And, the relation between a development of those e-Local goverment and financial indexes was clarified. As a result, it increases to about twice that of the large city in investment per population in towns and villages. However, the maintenance situation clarified a thing etc. so not fragrant.

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In this study, we discuss about Internet Data Center (IDC) administrated by local governments, so called Public IDC. Most of local governments have various problems on the establishment of the Public IDC. In this paper, we get future directions of IDC business, first, by analyzing business environments, second in adding aspects of customer and the roll of Public IDC, and finally discuss the strategic points for business planning.

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The electronic local government is not only including information system for efficiency but also reinventing local government under the idea of New Public Management (NPM) for maximize total utility of citizens.
But under Japanese administration system, local government must play two roles; branch of national government and local government. So electronic local government must be constructed for these roles.

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Online-community in Korea has been changing from Anonymity into Real Names since it's introduction of Personal Authentication System and popularity of BONGAE. However, individualism is pervading in online-communities in Japan, as witnessed by "2-channel" . We are going to discusses to the path which those two countries has gone through, by comparing several cases that happened in the feature of community-based network society from the three viewpoints.

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As the internet become popular, Dameges about the information security are spreading all over the fileds. The relating maintenance of the law by the government and the approach on the information security by the enterprise are advanced. In contrast, measures of personal use and legislation are still behind. Damage in personal use has expanded under such a situation, too. It is necessary to advance the information security education in the region and information literacy to the personal to hold this off. So, it is thought that it is necessary to change user's onscious of security.

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This paper aims to verify impacts of information security investment based on Japanese firm level data. First, the empirical analysis shows impacts of some security measures including information security policy on computer virus attack. Second, the author introduces the concept of intangible assets into information security investment and verifies the complementarity between tangible and intangible assets. The result suggests that the complementarity might work in information security investment.

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"The Personal Information Protection Law" was enforced completely since April 1, 2005.
There is still no end to leakage of personal information, too. As well as "companies handling personal information" where this law is applied to, all companies are demanded to handle personal information appropriately.
We report an example of the situation of the enterprise's measure which we experienced through support business activity to gain permission to use the privacy mark which is one of the third person authorization systems of personal information protection.

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Concerning national and public universities, we discuss the variation of position among departments of business administration and industrial engineering, using available information about the entrance examination market. As the results, the followings are extracted. (1) The position of graduates for finding employment of the past (decade) are not necessarily reflected to the recent (3 years) number of applicants. (2) There are some cases that department of information technology has shifted into department of business administration. (3) We could find some artifice about the examination subjects in the departments which have been upgraded at the entrance examination rank.

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Concerning public universities, we discuss annual changes of the working expenditure, and major factor of the changes. We have obtained our tentative supposition that the factor is not caused by annual changes of the tuition or tax grants, but is caused by the financial situation of local governments.

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