Some topics on X-ray and neutron optics, which have been studied by the present author and his collaborators in the last ten years, are summarized. At first various types of X-ray crystal collimators obtainable of a plane wave are described. By using the collimators in the double-crystal arrangement, the values of the crystal structure factor were determined from the half widths of Bragg-case rocking curves and the angular changes of diffraction phenomena in thin crystals were observed. Next the studies on anomalous changes of the electron emission from single crystals under the diffraction process of X-rays are presented. Further the studies on dynamical diffraction phenomena of neutrons are described including the construction of interferometers of new types. Finally the experiments of X-ray holography are briefly described.

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The principle and the history of the Doppler broadening method is described. Recent topics of this method for studies of alkali halide crystals and inner electron shell structures are reviewed. In addition, characterics of this method are summarized.

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Annihilation characteristics of positrons in crystals, especially 2γ angular correlations give information on the structure of valence electrons in terms of momentum distribution. The LCAO scheme is presented for analyzing the momentum distribution to study small covalency in transition-metal compound crystals.

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