低温工学
Online ISSN : 1880-0408
Print ISSN : 0389-2441
ISSN-L : 0389-2441
46 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の4件中1~4を表示しています
巻頭言
弔辞
解説
  • ―超伝導検出器の動作原理実証から応用ステージへの展開―
    大久保 雅隆
    2011 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 47-52
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/04/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    Superconducting direct detectors operating at very low temperature less than 4 K have extremely high performance that cannot be obtained by semiconductor-based detectors. The superconducting direct detectors measure or count the arrival of energy quanta such as photons from sub-mm to the γ-ray region and phonons created by molecule incidence. There are three types: calorimeter, junction, and nanostrip detectors. The specifications of concern are spectral resolution, time response, and operating temperature. According to the requirement, the best type of superconducting direct detector is used for scientific and industrial applications such as, for example, dark matter search, X-ray materials analysis, mass spectrometry, and quantum communications.
基礎講座
  • 太刀川 恭治
    2011 年 46 巻 2 号 p. 53-64
    発行日: 2011年
    公開日: 2011/04/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    Since the discovery in 2001, MgB2 has gained much interests as a new hope of superconductors for its applicability at temperatures of liquid H2 (~20 K) or liquid Ne (~27 K). Then large efforts have been dedicated to the processing of MgB2 wires. Ex situ and in situ techniques are two major techniques for the fabrication of MgB2 wires. The ex situ process uses previously reacted MgB2 powders filled into appropriate sheath tubes which are then fabricated into a wire. In the in situ process a mixture of Mg and B powders is encased in a sheath tube, and after the wire fabrication, the MgB2 core is synthesized in situ by the heat treatment. C or SiC nano-powders are effective dopants to enhance the high-field performance of MgB2 wires. Wires a few kilometers long have been produced via both processes. The diffusion process starting from a composite of Mg rod or pipe and B powder is another promising process in MgB2 wire fabrication. The connectivity of MgB2 grains is still poor due to the insufficient packing factor of powders, voids caused by the volume contraction during MgB2 formation, and the envelope of MgO and other insulating phase around MgB2 grains. This poor connectivity reduces the critical current density of MgB2 wires. Improved powder quality, fabrication techniques, and dopants may appreciably improve the performance of MgB2 wires. Presently, the main target of MgB2 wire application is direct-current use at 20 K, such as for MRI magnets. In this article, material aspects, fabrication process, superconducting performance and future possibilities of MgB2 wires are briefly surveyed.
feedback
Top