Journal of Epidemiology
Online ISSN : 1349-9092
Print ISSN : 0917-5040
ISSN-L : 0917-5040
29 巻, 9 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
Original Article
  • Yuanying Li, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Hiroyasu Iso, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Isao S ...
    2019 年 29 巻 9 号 p. 325-333
    発行日: 2019/09/05
    公開日: 2019/09/05
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2018/12/15
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    電子付録

    Background: The association of body mass index (BMI) with risks of ischemic stroke subtypes have not been established.

    Methods: Cumulative average BMI was calculated using self-reported body weight and height obtained from baseline (Cohort I in 1990, and Cohort II from 1993–1994) and 5- and 10-year questionnaire surveys of Japan Public Health Center-based prospective (JPHC) study. A total of 42,343 men and 46,413 women aged 40–69 years were followed-up for the incidence of lacunar, large-artery occlusive, and cardioembolic strokes. A sub-distribution hazard model was used to estimate sub-distribution hazard ratios (SHRs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

    Results: During a median of 20.0 years of follow-up, we documented 809 and 481 lacunar, 395 and 218 large-artery occlusive, and 568 and 298 cardioembolic strokes in men and women, respectively. After adjustment for baseline age, updated smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure-time physical activity, and histories of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus, cumulative average BMI was positively linearly associated with lacunar (trend P = 0.007), large-artery occlusive (trend P = 0.002), and cardioembolic (trend P < 0.001) strokes in men, and with lacunar (trend P < 0.001) and large-artery occlusive (trend P = 0.003) strokes in women. There were approximately two-fold excess risk of cardioembolic stroke in both sexes and of lacunar and large-artery occlusive strokes in women for cumulative average BMI ≥30 kg/m2 compared to BMI 23–<25 kg/m2.

    Conclusion: Cumulative average BMI showed a positive linear effect on sub-distribution hazards of lacunar, large-artery occlusive, and cardioembolic strokes in both sexes, except for cardioembolic stroke in women.

  • Ai Shibata, Koichiro Oka, Kaori Ishii, Rina Miyawaki, Shigeru Inoue, T ...
    2019 年 29 巻 9 号 p. 334-339
    発行日: 2019/09/05
    公開日: 2019/09/05
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2018/10/27
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Background: Prolonged periods of sitting time can be adversely associated with older adults’ well-being and functional capacities. Understanding patterns and contexts of sedentary behaviors (SB) can inform approaches to prevention. This study examined Japanese older adults’ objectively-assessed patterns and reported domains of SB and their interrelationships.

    Methods: Participants (n = 297; aged 65–84 years) of this cross-sectional study wore an accelerometer for 7 days and completed a survey. Five measures related to SB patterns were identified from the accelerometer data. SB from six domains, socio-demographics, and chronic conditions were identified from the survey data. Relative contributions of six domains to objectively-measured prolonged sedentary time (≥30 minutes) and the number of breaks were examined in a series of multivariate linear regressions. Covariates were socio-demographics, chronic conditions, and accelerometer wear time.

    Results: On average, participants spent 8.8 hours a day sedentary (58% of accelerometer wear time), with 7.6 breaks per sedentary hour, and 3.7 hours a day through prolonged sedentary bouts (4.4 time/day). The proportions of time in the SB domains were 9.4% for car, 4.0% for public transport, 6.1% for work, 45.5% for television (TV) viewing, 9.8% for computer use, and 25.1% for other leisure. Domains of SB that contributed significantly to longer sedentary time through prolonged bouts were TV viewing and computer use. TV viewing was also associated with a lesser number of breaks.

    Conclusions: For Japanese older adults, initiatives to address SB could focus on breaking-up prolonged periods of SB by encouraging more frequent breaks, especially during TV viewing.

  • Naomi Mitsuda, Masamitsu Eitoku, Nagamasa Maeda, Mikiya Fujieda, Naruf ...
    2019 年 29 巻 9 号 p. 340-346
    発行日: 2019/09/05
    公開日: 2019/09/05
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2018/11/10
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    電子付録

    Background: Some studies have indicated that female birth and multiple births were risk factors for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP). The results, however, were conflicting. Our study was conducted to evaluate the association of maternal NVP with fetal sex in singleton and twin pregnancies.

    Methods: We used the data set from a birth cohort study, the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS). In the self-administered questionnaire, participants were asked whether they experienced NVP prior to 12 gestational weeks. Main outcome measures were the presence of NVP and severity of NVP. We estimated the association of fetal sex and birth plurality with NVP using logistic regression analysis, followed by interaction analysis.

    Results: Of 91,666 women, 75,828 (82.7%) experienced at least some symptoms of NVP and 10,159 (11.1%) experienced severe NVP. Women with female pregnancies and twin pregnancies had higher odds for the presence of NVP and severe NVP compared to women with male pregnancies and singleton pregnancies, respectively. Moreover, of mothers with twin pregnancies, higher odds for the presence of NVP and severe NVP were reported when one or both infants were female, compared to those in which both infants were male. There was no significant interaction between fetal sex and birth plurality.

    Conclusions: Female sex birth and multiple births are risk factors for the presence of NVP, and especially for severe NVP without interaction. These findings suggest that a factor abundant in the female fetus associates with the severity of NVP.

  • Isao Oze, Hidemi Ito, Yoshikazu Nishino, Masakazu Hattori, Tomio Nakay ...
    2019 年 29 巻 9 号 p. 347-353
    発行日: 2019/09/05
    公開日: 2019/09/05
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2018/11/17
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    電子付録

    Background: Lung cancers are classified into small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer due to their different treatment and prognosis. Although many studies have reported the specific survival of SCLC patients treated at cancer hospitals, survival from population-based data has rarely been reported.

    Methods: We analyzed survival of SCLC cases diagnosed from 1993 through 2006 from a population-based cancer registry of six prefectures. To assess trends in SCLC survival, we defined three periods that mirrored developments in SCLC treatment: period 1, 1993–1998; period 2, 1999–2001; and period 3, 2002–2006. Assessments were based on relative survival (RS), excess hazard, and conditional survival.

    Results: A total of 10,911 SCLC patients were analyzed. Five-year RS among limited disease SCLC (LD-SCLC) in periods 1 to 3 was 16.8%, 21.1%, and 21.4%, respectively. Five-year RS among extensive disease SCLC (ED-SCLC) in periods 1 to 3 was 2.3%, 2.8%, and 2.7%, respectively. Improvement in 5-year RS in periods 2 and 3 compared with period 1 was significant among both LD- and ED-SCLC patients (all P < 0.001). Conditional 5-year RS of LD-SCLC increased from 21% at year 0 to 73% at year 5, while that of ED-SCLC was 3% at year 0 and 53% at year 5.

    Conclusions: The prognosis of SCLC patients improved from 1999–2001 but plateaued in 2002–2006, after which no further significant improvement was seen. Continuous survey based on population-based data is helpful in monitoring the impact of developments in treatment.

  • Maria Takechi, Wakaba Fukushima, Takashi Nakano, Miki Inui, Satoko Ohf ...
    2019 年 29 巻 9 号 p. 354-362
    発行日: 2019/09/05
    公開日: 2019/09/05
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2018/11/10
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス

    Background: Severe pediatric cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), herpangina (HA), and associated complications caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection have brought substantial public health impact in Asia. This study aimed to elucidate the epidemiology of these pediatric cases in Japan.

    Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted using stratified random sampling of hospital pediatric departments. We estimated the number of inpatients with HFMD, HA, and associated complications between April 1 and September 30, 2010, during which EV71 was circulating predominantly. Factors associated with severe cases with ≥7 days of admission, sequelae, or outcome of death were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.

    Results: During the 6-month epidemic period, the number of pediatric inpatients aged <15 years was about 2,900 (estimated cumulative incidence of hospitalized cases: 17.0 per 100,000 population). Severe cases were significantly associated with younger age. Compared to patients ≥5 years of age, the odds ratios (ORs) for <1 year of age and 1 to <3 years of age were 5.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.14–15.4) and 2.94 (95% CI, 1.02–8.51), respectively. Elevated ORs for hyperglycemia (plasma glucose level of ≥8.3 mmol/L) on admission (OR 3.60; 95% CI, 0.94–13.8) were also observed.

    Conclusions: Disease burden of pediatric inpatients with HFMD, HA, and associated complications in Japan was described for the first time. During an EV71 epidemic, younger age and, suggestively, hyperglycemia may have been critical factors requiring more careful treatment.

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