The purpose of this study was to present a structure of "negation" in relationships and an investigation of its developmental changes of preschool children. First, the investigational framework for "negation" was constructed by reviewing the literatures and analyzing existing case studies of preschool children groups. As a result, three dimensions and nine ranges were classified from the viewpoints of the Science of Relationships, and then prepared a "negation" scale according to the concept of each range. Next, an investigation was conducted using the "negation" scale with one thousand and forty-six preschool children (473 boys and 573 girls between three and six years old) by aid of teachers. The results were as follows, 1) It has become clear that "negation" is very often used to facilitate their peer relationships. 2) The difference between development of "negation" in peer relationships of 3-5 years old children and that of 6 years old children was very remarkable since "negation" of triadic human relations is used much more than 3-5 year-old-children. 3) Sex difference of boys was formed, compared with girls. Espeically, boys used significantly "negation" of monadic human relations.

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"Bulling" is a problem in every country throughout the world, but it takes on different manifestations in each country. I will discuss the issue of bulling in China. (1) Bullying has occured in different forms as economic conditions in China have varied. (2) Various bullying has become more prominent because most Chinese children have become like "little emperors" in their homes. 1. Most parents have only one child so they indulge them too much and tell them not to help their friends if they are being bullied. 2. Parents don't make their children do any housework and this makes them lazy. 3. In rural villages people still cling to the feudalistic ideas about predominance of men over women. Parents don't allow girls to go to school. In the worst case some parents killed their baby girls to conserve food. (3) Various cases of bullying have occured in Chinese schools. 1. Bullying often occurs between upper classmen and lower classmen. 2. Many poeple think the only way to cultivate their life is to enter college. Some students who failed their college entrance examinations were bullied and committed suicide. 3. Handicapped people are often bullied. Mentally retarded persons in particular have few chances to recieve a proper education.

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Ogyu Sorai, a confucianist of Edo period, criticized Syushigaku, which neglects "individuality". Sorai says that each man lives his own peculiar life, keeping "individuality". Sorai regards "individuality" as "being useful" and insists everybody has each own value. "The theory of employing men of ability" is based on this thought. Sorai insists that it is important for the employers to notice employeess' virture and employ them positively. But, individuality doesn't equal to virture, "being useful" directly. Individuality often appears as vice and is only excess in itself. Naturally, individuality as virtues, "being useful" shows its true value in the reallife. So Sorai says that employers should consider cxcess as the sign of "being useful", virture, and employ the man positively instead of avoiding the appearance as vice. Of course, this way can have some troubles and Sorai admits it. But Sorai dare to insist on the importance of such positive attitude, because it means that employers undertake employeeses' life. "Being useful" means not only to live his own life keeping "individuality" but also to live the way human being should be. Sorai says it is human basic attitude to be useful for others and support others lives each other. From this point of view, to employ men of ability means also this: to help them accomplish their complete lives by way of bringing out then "individuality", personally as well as generally. Besides, Sorai considers human being as "katsubutsu", which has inviolable subjectivity and act by his own way and rhythms. And Sorai insists employers should take this aspect as "katsubutsu" into account. This view on "katsubutsu" has the same roots of respecting "individuality". In the end, Sorai shows human relation that man respects others "individuality" and their own life each other and its concrete way by "the theory of employing men of ability.

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