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中村 誠, 豊田 雅臣, 羅 春華, 上宮 成之, 小島 紀徳
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p.
169-172
発行日: 1999/10/28
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Reactivity of coal chars to carbon dioxide at high temperatures (1273〜1873K) was measured by using a fluidized bed reactor (FBR). Coal samples were pyrolyzed in nitrogen flow under rapid and slow heating conditions, and then in-situ measurement of gasification rates was carried out. It was found that the heating rate affected the reactivity of coal char significantly, i.e. the more rapid the heating, the higher the reactivity of chars. Especially for coals with high volatile content, the reactivity of coal chars prepared in the rapid heating was several times as large as that in the slow heating. In addition, nitrogen adsorption measurements were carried out. Much larger porosity and surface area of mesopores were found for the rapid heating chars than the slow heating chars.
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梶谷 史朗, 松田 裕光, 進藤 学
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p.
173-176
発行日: 1999/10/28
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Coal char was gasified with carbon dioxide using Pressurized Drop Tube Furnace (PDTF) at the high temperature and pressurized condition assumed the inside of the two-stage entrained-flow coal gasifier. The tested char was produced by rapid pyrolysis of pulverized Newlands coal. The parameters of gasification tests were furnace temperature, total pressure and carbon dioxide partial pressure. As a result, the reaction rate equation and kinetic parameters of the gasification, which could be adapted to wide range of reaction conditions, were presented. Furthermore, variation of gasification char particle was characterized.
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礒田 隆聡, 田淵 崇寛, 高木 英行, 草壁 克己, 諸岡 成治
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p.
177-180
発行日: 1999/10/28
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Coals were pyrolyzed in a drop tube reactor at a maximum temperature of 1700℃ in a flow of N_2. The chars were then gasified at 1700℃ in a flow of CO_2 at atmospheric pressure in a reactor where produced CO was purged from the surface of the char particles. Thus first-order rate constants were obtained by the kinetic analysis and were compared with reported data.
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関根 泰, 藤元 薫
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p.
181-184
発行日: 1999/10/28
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Gasification of coal char with steam was examined under pressurized condition. From the results, the pressure effect was not seen on the rate of gasification. But in case of high pressurized condition, the pore structure of coal char changed from the one under atmospheric pressure. Under pressurized conditions, the scheme of gasification seems to different from others.
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H. Katalambula, S. Takeda, M. Kumagai
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p.
185-188
発行日: 1999/10/28
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Studies on the utilization of coal char for synthesis of hydrogen to be used in the coal hydrogasification process are undergoing. The focus has been on how the coal conversion and char reactivity are affected by operational parameters, e.g pressure, particle size and gas velocity. Furthermore, the tendency of coal or char particles to stick on the furnace reactor walls was also investigated and factors influencing the tendency are discussed.
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松岡 浩一, 堀井 俊哉, 相原 俊明, 京谷 隆, 富田 彰, F. Rodriguez-Reinoso
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p.
189-192
発行日: 1999/10/28
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Taiheiyo coal char and Blair Athol coal char were exposed to air at ambient temperature. The amount of adsorbed N_2 was quantitatively measured by a temperature programmed desorption technique. It took over 40 days to attain the adsorption equilibrium for TH char and the adsorption rate was quite slow. The amount of N_2 adsorbed on TH char after the exposure for 30 days corresponded to 23% of the total amount of nitrogen determined by ultimate analysis. Furthermore, the rates for N_2 adsorption and desorption for TH char were measured gravimetrically. N_2 adsorbed on TH char was removed by evacuating at 10Pa. One-third of the adsorbed N_2 was retained even after the evacuation for 20h. The retained N_2 after the evacuation was desorbed by heating at 373K.
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市川 和芳, 沖 裕壮, 犬丸 淳, 芦沢 正美
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p.
193-196
発行日: 1999/10/28
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This study focus on the relationship between the ash fusibility with the change of the gas temperature and the ash deposition characteristics in the ash softening region. The fusibility test using DTA and the deposition test using the ash deposition facility was conducted for 5 types of coal. As a result, it is cleared that the deposition characteristics have a close relationship with the ash liquid phase ratio which is calculated from DTA curve. Besides, it is obvious that ash particles which temperature is near the ash fusion point have tendency to adhere because of its high liquid phase ratio.
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吉澤 徳子, 丸山 勝久, 山田 能生, 藤本 宏之, 原田 道昭
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p.
197-200
発行日: 1999/10/28
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Size distribution of carbon hexagonal planes in carbonized phenolformaldehyde resin and carbonaceous mesophase spherule, which could be recognized as models of coal chars, were evaluated by Diamond's analytical method for XRD patterns. The steepest decent procedure was applied to the convergent process in Diamond's method, and the result was compared to those derived from the image analysis of TEM 002 lattice images of the same samples. Although some deviation probably due to the characteristic difference between XRD measurement and TEM observation, as well as the effect of stacking structure in samples, the average plane sizes decided by both analysis almost coincide with each other. It was accordingly said that the quantitative evaluation of plane size distribution by Diamond's method gave a meaningful result.
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p.
App6-
発行日: 1999/10/28
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相原 洋一, 今田 邦弘, 掛林 博史, 武田 哲也, 野上 義信, 井口 憲二, 佐藤 芳樹
原稿種別: 本文
p.
201-204
発行日: 1999/10/28
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The coal-derived oil has lower stability for storage because of high content of hetero (Nitrogen, Oxygen) atoms. In this study, the improvement of coal-derived oil quality was examined using 1t/d Process Supporting Unit (PSU) under TOP-NEDOL process system. As a result, the nitrogen content of the coal-derived oil was extremely low in comparison with that produced from the previous once-through hydrotreatment test.
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掛林 博史, 武田 哲也, 野上 義信, 井口 憲二, 相原 洋一, 今田 邦弘, 佐藤 芳樹, 川端 睦麿
原稿種別: 本文
p.
205-208
発行日: 1999/10/28
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The TOP (Total Oil Processing)-NEDOL process for producing high quality liquefied oil with decreasing the hetero-compounds was designed, and a part of flow of the NEDOL process in the PSU was rearranged. In this paper, the results of the demonstrating experiments using the 1t/d PSU were reported under the TOP-NEDOL process systems. As the results, in the TOP-NEDOL process, the oil yield increased and the hetero-compounds in the liquefied oil decreased compared with the NEDOL process.
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水上 和実, 池田 耕一, 岡田 誠一, 今田 邦弘, 吉田 祥治, 野上 義信, 井口 憲二
原稿種別: 本文
p.
209-212
発行日: 1999/10/28
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It is known that slurry viscosity will go up sharply at high slurry concentration (about 50wt%). To maintain stable operation at high slurry concentration conditions, a grasp of slurry viscosity before feeding in slurry preheater, is very important. In this study, the validity of the on-line viscosity meter applied for the coal slurry supply process control was investigated.
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上田 成
原稿種別: 本文
p.
213-218
発行日: 1999/10/28
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小方 英輔, 堀江 一之, 二木 鋭雄, 斉藤 郁夫, 請川 孝治, 西嶋 昭生
原稿種別: 本文
p.
219-222
発行日: 1999/10/28
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Hydroconversion of 4-(1-naphthylmethyl) bibenzyl (NMBB) in the absence and presence of sulfur (S) was carried out with transition metal catalysts such as metallic iron fine powder, iron oxides, iron sulfates, iron sulfide, stabilized metallic nickel, supported ruthenium, rhodium and palladium on carbon under hydrogen of 10MPa at 350℃. In the case of the absence of S, the activity of transition metal catalyst was affected with the form of precursor used, and the reaction was proceeded within hydrogenation of aromatic-rings of NMBB and the reaction products were constituted of many kinds of the corresponding hydrogenated compounds of NMBB. In the cases of the presence of S, the catalytic activities of iron compounds were increased on the hydrocracking of NMBB, without ferric sulfate. The remarkable results in the presence of S were the appearance of active sites of C_<ar>-C_<alk> bond scission between naphthalene-ring carbon C_<ar> and methylene carbon C_<alk> in NMBB molecule by using of noble metal catalysts such as Ru, Pd and Rh supported on carbon, and the hydrogenation activity of NMBB to the corresponding compounds was depressed. Ratio of the rate of C-C bond scission to the rate of hydrogenation was depended on the kind of metal.
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二タ村 森, 羽鳥 浩章, 半沢 洋子, 山田 能生
原稿種別: 本文
p.
223-226
発行日: 1999/10/28
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Additive effect of carbon materials on the disproportionation of 9, 10-dihydroanthracene (DHA) was investigated. Active carbons with large surface areas acted as effective catalysts in this reaction, and the catalytic effect decreased in the order: active carbon>fullerene-rich soot>carbon black>>graphite. It was indicated that the surface functional group distribution affected the catalytic activities of the above carbon materials.
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尾崎 純一, 大谷 朝男
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p.
227-230
発行日: 1999/10/28
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Supercritical methanolysis of Loy Yang coal was examined by adding different alcohols, such as ethanol, n-propanol and i-propanol. Addition of these alcohols to methanol increased the conversion from 58% to 90% at maximum and brought about the increase in the fractions of phenol and cresols at the expenses of trimethyl- and tetramethyl phenols, which were the main products when the coal was reacted in a supercritcal methanol. Detailed experiments by changing the mixing ratio of i-propanol and methanol revealed a possibility to control the methylation distribution of phenols.
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菅野 元行, 池水 梨恵子, 鈴木 健太郎, 真下 清
原稿種別: 本文
p.
231-234
発行日: 1999/10/28
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The hydrogenolysis reactions of demineralized Adaro subbituminous coal exchanged with several kinds of cations were carried out. The upgrading reaction occurred significantly on the hydrogenolysis of Fe^<2+>, Ni^<2+> or Co^<2+> exchanged coal. Further, the reactions of these cation exchanged coals were enhanced by sulfur addition. However, the addition of Fe_2O_3 with sulfur, Ni_3S_2 or CoS did not enhance the reaction of demineralized Adaro coal. Therefore, the upgrading on the hydrogenolyses of these cation exchanged coals were caused by the highly dispersed cations into the coal matrix through the ion exchange with carboxylic groups in the coal molecules.
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鷹觜 利公, 川島 裕之
原稿種別: 本文
p.
235-238
発行日: 1999/10/28
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Upper Freeport coal which is an Argonne Premium Coal Sample, was separated into several solvent-soluble fractions and a residue by fractionation. For all fractions including the residue and raw coal, solid-state ^<13>C NMR spectra were measured out by the CP/MAS or SPE/MAS method. Difference of spectra between both methods was much larger for lighter fractions, and similar SPE/MAS spectra for all fractions were obtained. Next, the solid-state ^<13>C NMR spectra of the model structures for all fractions, which were constructed based on structural analyses, were predicted using the NMR chemical shift calculation. By comparison of the predicted spectra with the observed ones for all fractions, the chemical structure of Upper Freeport coal was characterized.
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坂西 欣也, プリアント ウングル, 持田 勲
原稿種別: 本文
p.
239-242
発行日: 1999/10/28
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The liquefaction of two Indonesian coals (Adaro: ADC, Tanitoharum: THC) was performed using carbon-supported FeNi, NiMo, and FeMoNi sulfides catalyst with tetralin solvent in the single-stage (450℃-60min) conditions, in order to optimize the combination of active metals for the improvement of catalytic activity. Fe-Ni/Ketjen Black (KB) catalyst exhibited the lower activity for the hydrogenation of aromatics and coal liquefaction without solvent, however, it gave the similar oil yields to those with NiMo/KB catalyst with the equivalent weight of tetralin to coal as a donor solvent. The addition of Mo (2 or 3wt%) to FeNi sulfide supported on KB improved the liquefaction acivity as well as the hydrogenation activity with the lower loading of Ni (2 or 3wt%).
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坂西 欣也, ムルティ スムボゴ, 持田 勲
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p.
243-246
発行日: 1999/10/28
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Heteroatom compounds in coal liquid distillates obtained from BCL and NEDOL processes were analyzed by GC-AED (Atomic Emission Detector), in order to identify thier structures and to classify their reactivities in the single- and two-stage catalytic hydrotreatments with NiMo supported onalumina.under the conditions of 360-450℃ and 30-120min at the hydrogen pressure around 15MPa. All the heteroatoms (N, S, or O)-containing compounds were simultaneously detected and distinguished by GC-AED, and most of them were identified by using standard samples and GC-MS. The single-stage hydrotreatment reduced the contents of all the heteroatoms, the removal conversion being in the order of S>O≧N. The higher temperature and hydrogen pressure enhanced the denitrogenation reactions. The two-stage hydrotreatment was more effective for the denitrogenation and deoxygenation probably because of hydrogen renewal in between the stages and the combination of lower and higher reaction temperature at each stage.
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p.
App7-
発行日: 1999/10/28
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西須 愛子, 山西 一誠, 相田 哲夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
247-250
発行日: 1999/10/28
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It is believed that the oxygen-containing functionality play very important roles to control of the physical and chemical properties of coal. Especially, carboxyl group and phenolic hydroxyl group seem to be a key functionality, because of their hydrogen bonding capability and chemical reactivity. In this study, a new chemical determination method, non-aqueous titration, to determine the acidic functionality such as carboxylic acid and phenolic hydroxyl functionality has been investigated, aming to veryfy the accuracy of the experimental data obtained by the boro-hydride chemical determination method developed by us, recently.
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森田 全人, 丹羽 由紀子, 森下 佳代子, 熊谷 治夫, 林 潤一郎, 千葉 忠俊
原稿種別: 本文
p.
251-254
発行日: 1999/10/28
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This study has been undertaken aiming at establishment of a needle penetrometry combined with a volumetric dilatometry that can quantitatively evaluate characteristics of softening and resolidification of coals upon heating as changes with time and temperature of apparent viscosity. Coal pellets were heated in nitrogen gas atmosphere at a rate of 3 or 10K/min, and net needle penetration depth into the pellets was measured as a function of temperature for a range of loads applied on needle, diameters of needle and gross penetration rates. The results reveal the validity of the analysis of net penetration curves based on an equation of motion of needle assuming that softening coal behaves as a Newtonian fluid. Changes in the apparent viscosity of coals at temperatures ranging from 600 to 800K can be estimated by analysing the net penetration curves measured under constant gross penetration rates with varying loads on needle.
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坂西 欣也, イショム ファイズル, 渡辺 泉, 持田 勲
原稿種別: 本文
p.
255-258
発行日: 1999/10/28
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Mild acid pretreatment with acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and methoxyethoxy acetic acid solutions was performed to modify the pyrolysis behavior and liquefaction reactivity of coals. The pretreatment effectively removed ion-exchangeable cations from lower ranking coals, and increased the volatile yield in the flash pyrolysis. The liquefaction activity of the coals was also improved very much by the acid treatment. The effects of the mild acid treatments on the thermal and liquefaction reactivities of the coals are discussed based on the structural and compositional cahnges by the acid treatment.
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山西 一誠, 佐藤 元彦, 下浦 恭文, 相田 哲夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
259-262
発行日: 1999/10/28
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In order to develop an efficient coal liquefaction process, the effect of the pre-treatment of coal swollen by various hydrogen-donors on the primary liquefaction has been examined. The liquefaction using binary solvent system, for example 10% of NMP and tetralin mixture, achieved almost complete solbilization to pyridine solvent at 350℃ without stirring. In this paper, the principle and the future development of this efficient liquifaction systemwill be discussed
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樫村 奈生, 林 潤一郎, 千葉 忠俊
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p.
263-266
発行日: 1999/10/28
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This study has been carried out for the purpose to experimentally define the conversion of coal in liquefaction as the mass fraction of material dissolved into solvent under conditions in which the material is quickly swept away from the reactor so that extra-particle secondary reactions in liquid/vapor phase are sufficiently suppressed. Yallourn brown coal packed in a tubular reactor was heated under flow of tetralin (TL) or 1-methylnaphthalene (MN) at a heating rate of 100K/min to a temperature ranging from 623 to 708K which was held for 1-270min. The conversion using TL increases with the holding time and levels off at 96% at 643K and higher temperatures. The level-off conversion is thus defined as the temperature-independent ultimate conversion of the coal. The level-off conversion under flow of MN is 72%, lower by 24% than that for TL. This difference indicates enhanced degradation of the coal caused by hydrogen donation from TL within the particle.
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三浦 孝一, 前 一広, 森本 正人, 真藤 博之
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p.
267-270
発行日: 1999/10/28
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We have clarified that sevral bituminous coals could be extracted by 65 to 80% at 350℃ in a flowing solvent and the extract was separated into precipitated solid (deposit) and soluble fraction (soluble) at room temperature. The extract was found to be almost ash free. In this paper we examined the possibility to convert the extract into oil in high yield. It was found that pyrolysis of the exract in liquid phase at 450℃ yields more than 50kg/100kg-coal of oil.
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高木 英行, 前元 誠一郎, 田渕 崇寛, 礒田 隆聡, 草壁 克己, 諸岡 成治, 飯野 雅
原稿種別: 本文
p.
271-274
発行日: 1999/10/28
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Upper Freeport coal was extracted using a CS_2/NMP mixed solvent at room temperature, and the pyrolysis reactivity of the extracted coal was determined. The coal was composed of components with different reactivities, and the pyrolysis yield was affected by this heterogeneity.
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両角 文明, 三浦 孝一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
275-278
発行日: 1999/10/28
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In Japan a project called "ARCH", which is sponsored by NEDO, is now in progress. It utilizes flash hydropyrolysis and/or hydrogasification to convert coal into CH_4 and liquid products in high yields. This work was performed to support the ARCH process from a fundamental aspect, where the kinetics of hydropyrolysis and hydrogasification were examined. Two types of small reactors were constructed to collect rate data efficiently. A model representing the flash pyrolysis and the secondary gas phase reaction was presented. The validity of the model was well clarified by analyzing the collected data.
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森下 佳代子, 宝田 恭之
原稿種別: 本文
p.
279-282
発行日: 1999/10/28
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In order to clarify the micro-structural change of coal char during catalytic gasification, acid-treated coal, Ca-loaded coal and K-loaded coal were pyrolized and the chars partially gasified were observed by a fixed-point observation technique using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The gasification behaviors of chars depended on the type of cation loaded on coal.
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前原 泰雄, 坂西 欣也, 持田 勲, 阿部 力也, 笹津 浩司, 原田 達朗
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p.
283-286
発行日: 1999/10/28
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Ash recovered from ceramic filter of 71 MW PFBC (Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion) demonstration plant of EPDC in Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu was characterized by high-resolution SEM, EDX, and EPMA, in order to clarify the filter performances with or without cyclone bypass and chemical changes of calcite charged for defulfurization as well as fluidization. The ash recovered with bypass consisted of large and small grains. The large grains of alumina, gypsum and calcium carbonate often carried small grains on their surface. Such adhesion of small grains may prevent their plugging into the filter pores, reducing pressure drop accumulation and number of back-wash as experienced with cyclone bypass operation in comparison with full operation of cyclones. Calcium carbonate recovered from the filter showed very different morphology from that of calcite charged, which is calcined into lime to adsorb SO_2 forming gypsum. The formation of lime explains the high desulfurization degree in PFBC in spite of high CO_2 pressure at the boiler outlet.
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能登谷 扶由, 佐田 紀真, 笹岡 英司, 野島 繁
原稿種別: 本文
p.
287-290
発行日: 1999/10/28
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In order to develop a catalyst for low temperature selective reduction of NO in coal combustion flue gas in presence of ammonia, TiO_2, ZrO_2, and Al_2O_3 catalysts were studied in a continuous quartz fixed-bed reaction system. It was observed that TiO_2, ZrO_2, and Al_2O_3 had DeNOx activity at about 90℃. Their activities were influenced by reaction temperature, water vapor, sulfurous acid, and ammonia gas. This selective catalytic removal of NO did not occur without SO_2. The selectivities of NO to N_2 over the oxides were in the order: ZrO_2>TiO_2>Al_2O_3. The activities of these three catalysts decayed with the elapsed reaction time since the accumulation of the ammonium salts plugged the pores of the catalysts. It was also concluded that the used catalysts could be regenerated by water washing. The mechanism of the SCR (Selective catalytic reduction) was also studied using TPD technique. From the study, it was supposed that this reaction occurred via NH_4NO_2 or a similar compound.
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住江 直美, 佐田 紀真, 笹岡 英司
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p.
291-294
発行日: 1999/10/28
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Limestone and lime are used for high-temperature DeSOx sorbents. However, their porosities are usually very low, and also, their SO_2 removal capacity are low. As a solution to this problem, a preparation method for macroporous lime was developed using acetic acid swelling method. This new macroporous material had high activity and capacity for DeSO_x. However, the preparation cost was considerably high. In order to develop low cost macroporous lime, swelling of lime with water vapor and water was studied. It was found the reactivities of those samples were higher than that with raw lime. The improvement of the reactivity of the swelled-lime could be explained on the basis of the change in the pore size distribution of the samples.
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坂井 正典, 佐田 紀真, 笹岡 英司
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p.
295-298
発行日: 1999/10/28
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The limestone is used as desulfurization sorbents in fluidized bed combustors (FBC). This material decomposes into CaO, which then reacts with SO_2 during desulfulization process. The CaO also acts as a catalyst for N_2O decomposition in the combustor. However, the activity of CaO catalyst during N_2O decomposition process decreases with sulfation of the CaO due to pore plugging since the molar volume of CaSO_4, produced in this process, is larger than that of the CaO. For prevention of the pore plugging, preparation methods of macroporous CaO by swelling methods were investigated. In this research, two swelling methods using acetic acid and water vapor were used. Also, the effect of pore size distribution of CaO, prepared by these swelling methods, on N_2O decomposition was examined in the presence of SO_2 in a continuous quartz fixed-bed reaction system. From the results, it was found that the macroporous CaO prepared with water vapor swelling method was active for the catalytic decomposition of N_2O and had good tolerance for sulfation.
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羽鳥 信, 佐田 紀真, 笹岡 英司
原稿種別: 本文
p.
299-302
発行日: 1999/10/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Low-temperature regenerable zinc oxide as high-temperature desulfurization sorbents are suitable for IGCC and MCFC. In this study, ZnO/TiO_2 sorbents were prepared by different methods and were characterized for their reactivities and regenerabilties. Their regeneration characteristics were investigated using TPD technique. It was concluded that the regenerability of the sorbents greatly depended on the preparation method. Also, the sorbent prepared from Zn(NO_3)_2 and Ti(SO_4)_2 using ammonia as precipitant was regenerated more easily among the samples tested in this study.
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p.
App8-
発行日: 1999/10/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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上條 綱雄, 西岡 邦彦, 大塚 純一, 中嶋 義明, 大島 弘信
原稿種別: 本文
p.
303-308
発行日: 1999/10/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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山田 パリーダ, 西崎 泰, 滝口 泰之, 山口 達明
原稿種別: 本文
p.
309-312
発行日: 1999/10/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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When a coal bed is exposed to (or located near) the earth surface, it is easily affected by variation of physical and chemical conditions, giving weathered coal One typical characteristics of the weathered coal is their extremely high content of the so-called regenerated humic acids, which is alkali soluble. Studies on humic acids and the weathered coal focusing on their application have been carried out extensively in China since the beginning of the 1980's. In this paper, factors that governing the properties and the formation behavior of the weathered coal were investigated Conditions that affording for higher content of humic acids in the weathered coal were also surveyed.
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海平 泰司, 大内田 裕一, 武山 知弘, 中島 常憲, 大木 章, 前田 滋
原稿種別: 本文
p.
313-316
発行日: 1999/10/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Several Australian low rank coal were upgraded by hydrothermal treatment process at 200℃-300℃. As the heat-treatment temperature (HTT) was raised, the slurriability of CWM which was prepared from treated coal was improved dramatically. By the DSC measurement, the amount of bound water in CWM decreased with increasing of HTT. From these results, we found that the amount of the bound water was in good agreement with the slurriability of CWM.
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安室 元晴, 出口 哲也, 重久 卓夫, 嶋崎 勝乗
原稿種別: 本文
p.
317-320
発行日: 1999/10/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The responsible management of used luburicating oils to minimize pollution is a major concern in the world. This concern for environmental protection may increase the percentage of renewal luburicating oils in the furture. The recycling technology of used lubricating oils to remove chroride and metal components by heating and adsorption using low rank coal was investigated. In this paper, the effect of treating conditions on demetalization and removal mechanism of each component were discussed.
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杉本 義一, 呉 志恒, 川島 裕之
原稿種別: 本文
p.
321-324
発行日: 1999/10/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Glucose and a phenolic compound were thermally decomposed at 200℃ in water for 25 hours, and the ethanol-insoluble products were characterized by elemental analysis, crucible swelling test, extraction with THF, and solid state ^<13>C-NMR. Their crucial swelling numbers were ranging from 0 to 6 depending on the type and amount of the phenolic compound. The condensation products were hydrogenated and analyzed by GCMS in order to understand their structures. It is thought that glucose was decomposed to form active olefinic species which combined with phenolic molecules.
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松島 寛招, 池永 直樹, 鈴木 俊光
原稿種別: 本文
p.
325-328
発行日: 1999/10/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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To improve performance of absorbent, zinc ferrite was prepared on an activated carbon fiber and an activated carbon with high specific surface area. Absorption behavior of ACF- and AC-loaded zinc ferrites for hydrogen sulfide was investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Specific surface area of ACF- and AC-loaded zinc ferrites prepared here ranged from 76 to 1190m^2/g. Absorption rate of these zinc ferrites became large as specific surface area increase, and reached about centuple as compare to that of zinc ferrite prepared by dry process.
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Zhongbing Dong, 佐藤 厚, 二宮 善彦
原稿種別: 本文
p.
329-330
発行日: 1999/10/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Calcium sulfide oxidation reaction had been investigated at temperatures between 900 and 980℃ with 1-21%O_2 in N_2 by using TG apparatus. The kinetics analysis and reaction scheme deduction were performed, and effects of particle size, oxygen concentration and temperature were also discussed. A mathematical model (grain model) had been applied to describe the reaction process.
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p.
App9-
発行日: 1999/10/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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佐々木 正秀, 吉田 忠, 池田 耕一, 望月 通晴, 野上 義信, 井口 憲二
原稿種別: 本文
p.
331-334
発行日: 1999/10/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The curve-fitting method for the analysis of solid state ^<13>C n.m.r. spectrum of coal was developed. The spectrum was divided into 24 peaks which were grouped into 9 carbon types, which can be applied to all types of coals from low to high rank. The yields of products (gas, water, oil and residue) obtained by coal liquefaction at PSU Research Center were fairly correlated with the n.m.r. data of coals used.
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中島 常憲, 山下 将史, 隈部 康誉, 大木 章, 前田 滋
原稿種別: 本文
p.
335-338
発行日: 1999/10/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to quantify the carbon changes and nitrogen forms present in hydrothermally-treated low rank coals (HTT temperatures between 200-350℃) and weathered coals. For HTT coals, the content of carboxyl group greatly decreased due to the treatment, and some quaternary nitrogen species changed to pyridinic form. In case of the weathered coals, the content of carboxyl group increased with the increasing of weathering days, and the content of quaternary nitrogen species also increased.
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村上 賢治, 近藤 隆平, 布田 潔, 松永 利昭
原稿種別: 本文
p.
339-342
発行日: 1999/10/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In order to prepare the selective cation exchanger from brown coal, we tried to control the acidity distribution of carboxyl groups. For this purpose, the new technique that pre-exchanged brown coal was heated at 300℃ for 5h was used. By this method, only the carboxyl groups which had high affinity with pre-exchanged metal ions were kept undecomposed, and the others were thermally decomposed. In this study, acidity distribution and the cation exchange property of samples prepared in this way were examined.
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前元 誠一郎, 田渕 崇寛, 高木 英行, 礒田 隆聡, 草壁 克己, 諸岡 成治
原稿種別: 本文
p.
343-346
発行日: 1999/10/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Upper Freeport coal was extracted with a CS_2/NMP mixed solvent at room temperature, and was hydrogenated over a Ru catalyst at 120℃ for 12〜72h under a hydrogen pressure of 1OMPa. The hydrogenation of aromatic rings in the coal structure lead to the increase in pyrolysis reactivity of the hydrogenated coal.
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三浦 孝一, 前 一広, 草川 拓巳, 熊野 明子
原稿種別: 本文
p.
347-350
発行日: 1999/10/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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FTIR measurement was preformed to estimate the distribution of hydrogen bonding (HBD) of coal interacting with water or methanol. IR spectra in adsorption equilibrium were collected in various temperatures and vapor pressures using in-situ technique. The method proposed by the authors to estimate HBD was improved, determining the absorption coefficients of individual hydrogen-bonded OH groups by referring to the spectra of pure components. The HBDs estimated by the improved method clarified that the enthalpy change through desorption of water from coal was 44〜50kJ/mol and that of methanol was 25〜35kJ/mol. The values increased with increasing temperature and with decreasing amount of adsorbed vapor.
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菊地 毅光, 飯野 雅
原稿種別: 本文
p.
351-352
発行日: 1999/10/28
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The Upper Freeport coal's components fractionated by solvent extraction were studied by X-band ESR spectroscopy. The pyridine soluble and acetone soluble components dissolved in NMP show an organic radical peak in frozen solution. Powder patterns are broader and anisotropic. Their spectra were simulated with a Lorentzian or Gaussian lineshape. The difference might come from the magnetically symmetric reorientation in solution and the magnetically asymmetric layering by packing effect in powder.
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