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日恵井 佳子, 白井 裕三, 神田 英輝
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p.
89-90
発行日: 2002/10/29
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The mineral distribution in the raw coal was investigated to develop an effective removal method of mineral matter. The influence of the mineral distribution on removal ratio of mineral matter from coal was evaluated by specific gravity separation. It was found that minerals with line shape or cloudy shape were difficult to remove from coal. And also the analysis of mineral distribution using photomicrograph was investigated. This result showed that mineral distribution in coal was estimated by distinguish method between mineral and organic matter using brightness distribution obtained from the photomicrograph, and the ratio of maximum length to diameter was suitable shape factor of mineral matter.
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明石 英子, 坂西 欣也, 中里 哲也, 田尾 博明, 斎藤 郁夫, 宝田 恭之
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p.
91-92
発行日: 2002/10/29
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奥山 憲幸, 井上 康彦, 重久 卓夫, 篠崎 貞行
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p.
93-94
発行日: 2002/10/29
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A high efficiency coal utilization system has been developing to reduce the CO_2 emission from the coal-fired power generation. It is named HyperCoal project. HyperCoal is an ash-free and alkali-free coal (ash<200PPM, Na+K<0.5PPM), which is expected to be directly fired in the high efficiency gas turbine (1350℃ class) generation system. Solvent de-ashing technology is applied to produce the ash free coal. Coal is dissolved into the two rings aromatic solvent (1-methylnaphthalene), and the insoluble residue is removed by the gravity settling and filtration. This paper reports the outline of the solvent de-ashing process. Operation conditions and vessel sizes were optimized by the results of fundamental studies. As a result of a simple and rough estimation, there is a possibility that the producing cost of HyperCoal will be restrained in less than 10 dollars per a ton.
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井原 貴行, 蘆田 隆一, 中川 浩行, 三浦 孝一
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p.
95-96
発行日: 2002/10/29
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We presented a new pretreatment method for producing a clean coal under mild conditions, that is the skimming of coal by solvent below 350℃. To clarify the validity of this method, we examined the effect of coal type on the extraction yield and the quality of the extract produced. 14 kinds of coals were extracted by tetralin, tetralin/m-cresol=7/3 mixture, and a coal derived oil (carbol oil) under 10MPa at 350℃. Almost all sub-bituminous coals and lignite examined were extracted by 80% in carbol oil at 350℃, and all extracts were completely soluble in the solvent even at room temperature. The quality of the extract was examined from the viewpoints of mineral matter and sulfur contents. It was found that the extract was almost free from mineral matters. The extract obtained through tetralin extraction was almost free from sulfur. Thus, it was clarified that the proposed method was effective to produce a large amount of clean coals containing little mineral matters and sulfur under mild conditions.
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蘆田 隆一, 中井 敏隆, 中川 浩行, 三浦 孝一
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p.
97-98
発行日: 2002/10/29
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We have recently presented a new coal extraction method by which some bituminous coals can be extracted up to 80% in a flowing tetralin at 350℃. It was found that the extract was almost free from mineral matters and showed the remarkable fusibility. To utilize the characteristics of the extract, we tried to produce coke from slightly caking coal or brown coal by carbonizing the mixture of the coal with its extract (20wt%). The char obtained from the mixture was much harder than the char prepared from the coal itself even in the case of brown coal, indicating the possibility of producing cokes from only slightly caking coal or brown coal. We also succeeded in forming mesophase from the extract which is the precursor of high performance carbon materials and rather expensive to produce.
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吉田 貴紘, 正木 健介, 李 春啓, 鷹觜 利公, 斎藤 郁夫
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p.
99-100
発行日: 2002/10/29
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Thermal extractions of subbituminous coals were performed to obtain "HyperCoal" (ashless-coal) in a high yield. The extraction yield reached 60% for Pasir coal with an industrial solvent, crude methylnaphthalene oil (CMNO). Acid-treatment prior to the extraction was carried out to enhance the thermal relaxation of the coals. The extraction yield increased; especially the effect was significant when a polar industrial solvent was used.
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李 春啓, 鷹觜 利公, 吉田 貴紘, 斎藤 郁夫, 飯野 雅, 青木 秀樹, 真下 清
原稿種別: 本文
p.
101-102
発行日: 2002/10/29
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Thermal extraction yields with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone for some acid-treated low rank coals were greatly increased compared to those for the raw coals. For example, the yield for Wyodak coal increased to 82.9% from 58.4% by the acid treatment. FT-IR measurements showed that carboxylate groups in raw coal were converted to carboxylic acid groups by the acid treatment. In contrast, the yield increase was not observed for extractions with 1-methyl-naphthalene, and the acid treatment effect was strongly coal-rank dependent Mechanism of the thermal extraction for the acid-treated coal is discussed.
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伊藤 真由美, 安藤 隆, 山下 亨, 篠崎 貞行
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p.
103-104
発行日: 2002/10/29
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Direct coal injection to a gas turbine is expected as an advanced high efficiency power generation technology. Gas turbine blades are particularly susceptible to ash particles as they erode the blades by impinging on them as well as forming deposits that can corrode the blades at their high operating temperatures. In particular, the concentration of alkaline and alkaline-earth metals, which have great impact on the erosion and corrosion of turbine blades, must be extremely low level. In order to produce "Hyper Coal", the ion exchange treatments using inorganic ion-exchange material were investigated for removing Na, K, Ca and Mg from solvent extracted coal.
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村谷 剛, 本郷 孝, 大中 昭, 鶴谷 巌
原稿種別: 本文
p.
105-106
発行日: 2002/10/29
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Coal in air is oxidized little by little and generates heat. As soon as being stacked, temperature starts to rise inside the large-scale stockpile. In the past study we measured the temperature of subbituminous coal stockpile which showed the selif-heating rate of 2℃/d or more. Spontaneous heating brings not only the darmage of facilities and environment but deterioration of the coal. It is important to determine the coal deterioration for efficient stockpile management and optimization of the integrated cost of coal use. In this study, some methods to determine the coal deterioration derived from spontaneous heating were examined. Heat loss by spontaneous heating of 5,000t stockpile was estimated. In the loboratory 3 different ranking coals which were sampled from large-scale reactor were analyzed to compare to the original ones.
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林 潤一郎, 森田 全人, 熊谷 治夫, 千葉 忠俊
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p.
107-108
発行日: 2002/10/29
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A needle penetronietry was performed with steady force to pelletized coal upon heating via a cylindrical needle. From the effects of shear rate on apparent viscosity of the softening pellet, defined as the shear-rate to shear-stress ratio, it was found that the pellet behaved as a Newtonian fluid for shear rates lower than a critical one while as a pseudo-plastic fluid for higher shear rates. The penetrometry was then carried out varying the force with time. The variable force loading enabled to maintain the shear rate well below the critical one and thereby to measure the apparent viscosity of the pellet as a Newtonian fluid. Upon heating at a rate of 10 K・min^<-1>, the apparent viscosities of pellets of Goonyella and Blind Canyon coals varied at 600-800K in ranges of 10^<10>-10^4 and 10^<10>-10^6 Ps・s^<-1>, respectively.
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林 潤一郎, 森田 全人, 千葉 忠俊
原稿種別: 本文
p.
109-110
発行日: 2002/10/29
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Shear-rate-independent viscosity and hydrogen-based liquid fraction of softening coal pellets upon heating were measured by a variable-force-loading needle penetrometry and a proton magnetic resonance analysis, respectively. From the results of isothermal heating and non-isothermal heating, it was revealed that a single linear relationship is held between the logarithm of the viscosity and the liquid fraction over a temperature range from 600 to 800K. The results also suggested insignificant effect of temperature on the liquid viscosity. The observed linear relationship between the logarithm of viscosity and the liquid fraction could be explained well by considering that the so-called plastic domain of softening coal is a suspension of liquid and plastic solid.
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大岡 五三實, 八木 順一郎
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p.
111-112
発行日: 2002/10/29
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This simulation system has made on the future blast furnace operation for to reduce coke consumption, higher productivity of the hot metal, overall energy conservation and less environmental load as well. We believe the result of this study would be useful for solution of above problems.
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p.
App8-
発行日: 2002/10/29
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関根 泰, 山口 大輔, 石川 清宏, 菊地 英一, 松方 正彦
原稿種別: 本文
p.
113-114
発行日: 2002/10/29
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Whereas the optimization of apparatus and the development of flotation results have been extensively reported in the research of column flotation of coal, there have been few studies on the relation of flotation results with the characteristics of coal. The changes in the distributions of particle size and inorganic elements involved in cleaned coal and tail refuse were studied in the course of column flotation. Demineralization mechanisms in a column flotation system were investigated.
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山下 亨, 富永 浩章
原稿種別: 本文
p.
115-116
発行日: 2002/10/29
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Inorganic constituents in coal are transformed into ash particles that may build up the deposit on wall and interfere with the stable operation of coal gasification process. The size and chemical composition of generated ash particles have a great influence on the particle trajectory and adhesion properties. In order to analyze the ash formation behavior during coal gasification, several char samples were collected from the drop-tube type gasification equipment with changing a residence time and CO_2 concentration. Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy (CCSEM) was employed for tracking the change of chemical composition and size distribution of inorganic constituents on a particle-by-particle basis in the course of devolatilization and gasification reaction.
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関根 泰, 川端 友寛, 坂尻 邦尚, 松方 正彦, 菊地 英一
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p.
117-118
発行日: 2002/10/29
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The release of trace elements from coal combustion at high temperature was investigated in this study. About 0.1g of Wallarah coal smaller than 150μm was held in a platinum basket, inserted into an electronic furnace predetermined 573〜1573K and burned for 10min to release trace elements. The quantities of trace elements in the coal or ash in the platinum basket after coal combustion were determined by ICP-AES. It was found that initially, trace elements such as Zn and Pb released from a coal above 1173K in the absence of additional steam. Se, Sb and Hg released during 573〜773K and steam influenced the releasing behavior of these elements. Whereas Se and Sb enhanced, that of Hg depressed in the presence of steam.
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中川 浩行, 中居 真一, 三浦 孝一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
119-120
発行日: 2002/10/29
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In this study, the effects of gasifying agent and mineral matter in the coal on the gasification rate of coal char at high temperature were examined. Rate of H_2O gasification was higher than that that of CO_2, gasification and both of gasification rates could be successfully expressed using Langmuir-type rate equations. Coal chars were also gasified in the mixture of H_2O and CO_2 and the gasification rate was almost the same as that observed in the mixture of H_2O and N_2. It was found that the cation in the coal has catalytic activity for the gasification, judging from the comparison of the gasification rates of chars prepared from raw and treated coals.
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多久和 毅志, Iddi S.N. Mkilaha, 成瀬 一郎
原稿種別: 本文
p.
121-122
発行日: 2002/10/29
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Some metal compounds in coal vaporize and form fumes during the combustion. The fumes are usually contained in the exhaust gas. For coal-fired combined power generation systems such as pressurized fluidized bed combustion, hot metallic vapors are introduced in a gas turbine. As this phenomenon causes corrosion problem of the turbine blades, it is necessary to control the formation of those fumes, which include alkali metal compounds. In this paper, the evolution behavior of alkali metal compounds, especially for sodium compounds, has been studied, using a drop tube furnace with a low-pressure impactor. As a result, concentration profile of sodium in the fine particles has dependence on coal type. On the other hand, the condensation mechanism of sodium seems to be similar in each coal.
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Miftahul Huda, 光来 要三, 持田 勲
原稿種別: 本文
p.
123-124
発行日: 2002/10/29
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高矢 憲, 鈴木 洋介, 松岡 浩一, 富田 彰
原稿種別: 本文
p.
125-126
発行日: 2002/10/29
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In order to know how mineral matter in coal is converted during pyrolysis and gasification, XRD and CCSEM data of raw coal and pyrolyzed char were compared. The formation of alumino-silicates through the reaction of kaolinite with other mineral matter and that of quartz with other mineral matter are the most important reactions of mineral matter.
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沖 裕壮, 犬丸 淳, 市川 和芳, 原 三郎
原稿種別: 本文
p.
127-128
発行日: 2002/10/29
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CCSEM was applied to analyze the sample ash particles captured at the outlet of gasifier (Process developing unit of CRIEPI, coal feed rate is 2 ton/day). It was confirmed that Kaolinite and Quartz are the major mineral matters, whose concentration is about 60% on the average among 10 coal brands. The analysis from the view point of behavior of Kaolinite and Quartz showed that calcium is quite effective as a cause of eutectic melt of Kaolinite, but not so effective in case of Quartz. Three phase equilibrium diagram proved that effect of eutectic melt by calcium on Kaolinite is different from that on Quartz. Through the consideration by three phase equilibrium diagrams, effect of major basic oxides on eutectic melt of Kaolinite and Quartz was clarified. As a conclusion, amount of Kaolinite, Quartz and effective basic oxides are important to predict the difference of melting characteristic in each coal brand.
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中島 常憲, 山下 浩幸, 神田 知秀, 高梨 啓和, 大木 章
原稿種別: 本文
p.
129-130
発行日: 2002/10/29
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The leaching behavior of inorganic compounds from coal into aqueous phase containing various substances, such as acids, chelating agents, and surfactants was investigated. When a powdery SS001 coal was shaken with the 0.1M HNO_3, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn were leached out. In some elements, such as Ca, Cu, Fe and S, there was the good agreement with inorganic element contents in 12 kinds of coal and leaching of elements into aqueous phase.
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坂西 欣也, 川島 裕之, 明石 英子, 斎藤 郁夫, 宝田 恭之
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p.
131-132
発行日: 2002/10/29
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坂口 由花, 中島 常憲, 高梨 啓和, 大木 章
原稿種別: 本文
p.
133-134
発行日: 2002/10/29
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According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis for coal fly ash, relatively volatile elements, such as arsenic and lead, was found to be highly concentrated on the surface. Leaching experiments for the ash were performed by use of EDTA or nitric acid, and the leaching of each element was examined by digestion and ICP-AES (whole ash) as well as XPS (surface). Arsenic in fly ash was greatly leached, whereas the leaching of lead was small.
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p.
App9-
発行日: 2002/10/29
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藤原 久嗣, 伊藤 拓司, 為平 隆治, 小田 廣和
原稿種別: 本文
p.
135-136
発行日: 2002/10/29
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Desulfurization efficiency and reactivity of the coal on which Ca^<+2> was loaded by using the principle of electric double layer was estimated and it was compared with technics of loading Ca^<2+> to the coal generally done. the amount of Ca^<+2> loading by EDL adsorption was 2-3 times as much as that by a conventional method. Furthermore the higher amount of Ca^<2+> loading could be obtained by varying the conductive of electrolysis and electrolyte. its combustion reactivity increased by several percent.
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森下 佳代子, 勝見 靖弘, 宝田 恭之
原稿種別: 本文
p.
137-138
発行日: 2002/10/29
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山水 宣仁, 廣瀬 有美, 池永 直樹, 鈴木 俊光
原稿種別: 本文
p.
139-140
発行日: 2002/10/29
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In order to develop an efficient absorbent of SO_2 in the fluidized bed coal combustor, coal char-supported CaCO_3 was prepared from Oyster. The absorption behavior of the absorbent for SO_2 (840ppm) was examined using a fixed bed rector at 900℃. The performance of absorbent can be evaluated in terms of the utilization efficiency of calcium in the absorbent. The utilization efficiency of commercial CaCO_3 was 42.2%. When coal char-supported CaCO_3 was used in the absorption of SO_2, the utilization efficiencies of calcium remarkably increased to 85.1%.
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呉 聖姫, 長嶺 信輔, 笹岡 英司
原稿種別: 本文
p.
141-142
発行日: 2002/10/29
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To clarify the effect of the presence of H_2O on the oxidative decomposition of CaS by O_2, decompositions of CaS with ^<16>O_2 and/or H_2^<18>O were studied using a mass spectrometer. The decomposition of CaS in the presence of both O_2 and H_2O occurred at lower temperature than that in the presence of either H_2O or O_2. From the experimental results using isotopic method, it was confirmed that the contribution of H_2O to the decomposition of CaS in the presence of O_2 was almost constant in the temperature range from 800 to 1000℃.
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折笠 広典, 松岡 浩一, 京谷 隆, 富田 彰
原稿種別: 本文
p.
143-144
発行日: 2002/10/29
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A coal char heat treated at 1300℃ was gasified with 10% O_2 at relatively high temperatures, from 1000 to 1300℃. The pulse gasification method was utilized to minimize the exothermic heat generation and the secondary reaction of NO. The NO and N_2 formation behavior was monitored under various conditions. Total nitrogen converted to NO and N_2 are independent of gasification temperature, and a fraction of NO tends to increase with increasing char conversion and decrease with increasing gasification temperature from 1000 to 1300℃. This trend can be explained by the secondary reaction of NO with char forming N_2, as was observed at low temperatures.
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岩下 章, 棚町 松明, 中島 常憲, 高梨 啓和, 大木 章
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p.
145-146
発行日: 2002/10/29
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Advanced removal of mercury was attempted by use of extraction method and mild pyrolysis. When sulfur-containing chelating agents were used in the extraction, 30-70% of mercury in coal was extracted to the aqueous solution. The mild pyrolysis at 300℃ for 1h resulted in the removal of 20-80% of mercury in coal. The mercury removal efficiency for the mild pyrolysis was found to be correlated with that for the extraction method.
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星野 太作, 中島 常憲, 高梨 啓和, 大木 章
原稿種別: 本文
p.
147-148
発行日: 2002/10/29
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The removal of arsenic from coal fly ash was attempted by hydrothermal treatment and chelating agent extraction. When fly ash was hydrothermally-treated at 200℃, ca.80% of arsenic was removed. For the wastewater generated, only the arsenic concentration was over the wastewater quality standards, while those of other elements met the standards. A decomposition product of pectin was found to be an effective aqueous chelating agent. By use of the product, arsenic was also efficiently removed from coal fly ash.
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仙北屋 宏樹, 加藤 貴宏, 菅原 勝康, 菅原 拓男, 遠田 幸生
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p.
149-150
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Each coal of five samples was separated into three groups by a sink-float method in order to clarify the distribution of As and Se in the coal matrix. The heavy fraction of density-separated coal showed higher contents of both elements rather than the light fraction. Results of HNO_3 extraction indicated that parts of As and Se in the heavy fraction associated with pyrite. During pyrolysis, the release extent of As gradually increased with the increase of temperature, while the release extent of Se drastically increased above 800℃.
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中島 航, 東垣 直樹, 長嶺 信輔, 笹岡 英司, 中川 直巳, 佐田 紀真
原稿種別: 本文
p.
151-152
発行日: 2002/10/29
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Mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants are very large environmental problem. EPA indicated 51.6tons of mercury are emitted annually as a result of coal utilization in the utility industry in USA. Development of a new technology for removal of mercury will become to be very important for environmental conservation. In order to develop sorbents for removal of Hg vapor, the characters of some kinds of soebents for Hg removal with H_2S were studied. It was found that some sorbents captured Hg vapor as HgS.
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王 杰, 高矢 憲, 富田 彰
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p.
153-154
発行日: 2002/10/29
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A study has been conducted on the vaporization behavior of nine trace elements including Be, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Pb in coal combustion and pyrolysis below 1150℃. Zn, Pb and As showed greater volatility than the rest of trace elements but their vaporization behaviors strongly depended on the atmosphere and heating rate. It was found that carbon and mineral matter in coal played an important role in the vaporization of these three elements.
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野村 誠治, 加藤 健次, 前野 幸彦
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p.
155-156
発行日: 2002/10/29
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The behavior of chlorine in bituminous coal during carbonization in coke oven was investigated. Most chlorine in coal and coke was removed by washing with water. The residue ratio of chlorine in coke increased with increasing Ca content in coal. Furthermore CaO addition to coal increased chlorine residue ratio. This suggests that chlorine exists in the form of chloride ion in coal and trapped in coke in the form of CaCl_2.
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張 立安, M. Ito, 佐藤 厚, 二宮 善彦
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p.
157-158
発行日: 2002/10/29
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Coal with sludge were co-combusted in laboratory-scaled drop tube furnace, the transformation behaviors of ash particles, having size of both micro-and sub micron-scale, were studied. The reaction temperatures ranged from 1000℃ to 1200℃, and the residence time varied from 0.6 to 2.4 seconds. The gas atmosphere, containing 10% oxygen and nitrogen being balance, was used for combustion in all runs. The ash particles gotten in each run, which might be mixed with char at short residence time, were collected by the combination of sampling probe, cyclones and cascade impactor together. The former two mainly capture ash particles having size larger than 10 micron, while the latter was used to capture the sub micron particles, namely as particulate matter in the exiting gas. The above ash-capturing procedure guaranteed a wider viewpoint on ash study, which might include interaction of ash particles in micron scale, vaporization and condensation of trace elements in ash particles in sub micron scale, all of them have been studying and part of it will be introduced briefly here.
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原稿種別: 付録等
p.
App10-
発行日: 2002/10/29
公開日: 2017/03/22
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貴傳名 甲, 松本 浩司, 村田 聡, 野村 正勝
原稿種別: 本文
p.
159-160
発行日: 2002/10/29
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The structural changes, especially the size of aromatic cluster, of three Argonne coal samples during their plastic range were analyzed by using solid state ^<13>C NMR spectroscopy. Before analysis, the coals were heat treated at Gieseler plastometry related temperatures for each coal. The resulting char residue were submitted to the NMR measurement with two methods: single pulse excitation for getting quantitative spectra, and dipolar dephasing method. The size of aromatic ring size in coal and char samples was evaluated, the results showing that it increased with the heat treatment temperature for each coal, however, its growth behavior clearly depended on the coal type.
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米山 嘉治, 田中 和彰, 木下 靖, 張 イ, 椿 範立, Chunshan Song
原稿種別: 本文
p.
161-162
発行日: 2002/10/29
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In order to clarify the effect of water addition on coal hydrogenation using ammonium teterathiomolybdate as a dispersed molybdenum sulfide catalyst, several coals were hydrogenated at 350, 375, and 400℃. Addition of water promoted the coal conversion, and the increase in reaction temperature increased the coal conversions. Illinois #6 coal showed the largest conversions in the coals used in this study, and there existed no relationship between the coal conversion and coal rank.
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軽石 健志, 加藤 貴宏, 菅原 勝康, 菅原 拓男, 遠田 幸生
原稿種別: 本文
p.
163-164
発行日: 2002/10/29
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Release behavior of alkali metals (sodium and potassium) was followed for Barau, Ebenezer and Illinois No. 6 coals at the terminal temperature from 300℃ to 1200℃ with heating rate of 20℃/min and 100℃/min in a nitrogen stream. The release extents of sodium and potassium increased with the increase of terminal temperature and attained to more than 40% and 55%, respectively at 1200℃. Ebenezer and Illinois No.6 showed the release extents of sodium and potassium lower then 15% in the whole temperature range. Change in five fractions of sodium and potassium, H_2O, NH_4Ac, HCI, H_2SO_4 and HF solubles were observed during the pyrolysis of sample coals. Barau contained high extents of H_2O and NH_4Ac solubles of sodium, which decreased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. On the other hand, H_2O and NH_4Ac solubles of Ebenezer changed to H_2SO_4 and HF solubles with the increase of temperature.
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篠原 千明, 小林 基樹, 今野 克哉, 山口 達明, 尾上 薫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
165-166
発行日: 2002/10/29
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The relation between element molar ratio of raw coal and product yield during microwave induced coal decomposition was examined. Australian Yallourn coal with higher O/C ratio and Taiheiyo coal with higher H/O ratio were used as reactant materials. As a result, both yields of hydrogen and oily products were depend on the H/O ratio of raw coal.
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村田 聡, 勝山 美紗, 貴傳名 甲, 野村 正勝
原稿種別: 本文
p.
167-168
発行日: 2002/10/29
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Study on the correlation between NMR-derived parameters and gasification reactivity of char samples was conducted. Solid state ^<13>C-NMR of samples was measured and the structural parameters such as carbon aromaticity, average size of aromatic rings, and relaxation time were calculated. Among the parameters obtained, carbon aromaticity values and aromatic ring size seemed to correlate with the reactivity of char samples toward CO_2 gasification.
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松岡 浩一, 城田 哲男, 范 浩杰, 富田 彰
原稿種別: 本文
p.
169-170
発行日: 2002/10/29
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Fixed-point SEM/EDX analysis was performed to clarify ash melting behavior using a pellet composed of different kinds of mineral matter (quartz, gypsum, kaolinite and pyrrhotite). It is found that diffusion of element in the mineral matter commenced much below their softening temperature.
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坪内 直人, 王 延輝, 大塚 康夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
171-172
発行日: 2002/10/29
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Release of HCl during temperature programmed pyrolysis at 10℃/min of a bituminous coal and anthracite has been studied with an on line analyzer. The profiles for the rate of HCl formation depend strongly on coal type, showing the main peak at 470℃ with the former coal and the sharp and shoulder ones at 300-350℃ with the latter sample. Both coals provide high conversions (90-100%) to HCl up to 800℃. The sharp peak at 300℃ almost disappear after NH_3 washing. The rate profiles are slightly changed in the range of 2.5-10℃/min. It is suggested that Cl functionality is one of the key factors to determine HCl formation.
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関根 泰, 中谷 浩之, 千葉 美沙, 菊地 英一, 松方 正彦
原稿種別: 本文
p.
173-174
発行日: 2002/10/29
公開日: 2017/03/22
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We conducted steam gasification of various coal char under atomospheric pressure on pressurized conditions. Raw lank coal showed high hydrogen producibility at low temperature. And also alkaline metals catalyzed water gas shift reaction. From these results, we optimized the conditions for production of syngas from coal char and steam.
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高津 淑人, 杉本 義一, 三木 康朗, Farag HAMDY, 坂西 欣也, 内田 邦夫, 栗木 安則
原稿種別: 本文
p.
175-176
発行日: 2002/10/29
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Development of high performance catalysts is a key to produce cleaner fuels by using conventional refinary plants. Unsupported Co (Ni)-Mo-S fine particles were prepared and their HDS activities of gas oil were examined by using a micro-autoclave and a continuous microreactor. The unsupported catalysts had lower performance baced on the Mo amount, but higher performance based on the catalyst amount than commercial supported catalysts. The unsupported CoMoS could reduce the sulfur content of gas oil below 15ppm at 340℃, LHSV 1.5, but the deactivation occurred significantly. The retarding effect of nitrogen compounds on HDS was much larger for the unsupported catalysts than for the supported catalyst.
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新宮 正寛, 菊地 洋介, 安積 潔, 熊田 司, 坂本 尚子, 伊藤 秀幸, 山田 宗慶
原稿種別: 本文
p.
177-178
発行日: 2002/10/29
公開日: 2017/03/22
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NiW/beta 5:5 was prepared by impregnating the support contained zeolite-beta with NiW solutions. Hydrocracking (HYC) reactions of tetralin and other hydrocarbons were carried out. NiW/beta 5:5 is more active than the mixture of NiW/Al_2O_3 and beta 5:5. DRIFT spectra of adsorbed NO on various NiW catalysts showed that a kind of interaction species composed of Ni and W is formed on beta 5:5.
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Pham Dung Tien, 佐藤 哲也, 三浦 雅博, 野村 正勝, 松井 久次, 山口 千春
原稿種別: 本文
p.
179-180
発行日: 2002/10/29
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Catalytic hydrogen evolution from neat tetrahydronaphthalene under liquid-phase conditions was investigated. Among examined commercial Pd-, Pt-, and Rh-catalysts supported on activated carbon or alumina, Pd/C showed the highest activity. It was also found that Pd-catalysts supported on activated carbon fibers, which were prepared by an impregnation method, showed roughly three times higher activity than that of the commercial Pd/C.
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佐藤 芳樹, 櫛山 暁, 丸山 勝久, 山田 能生, 荒牧 寿弘
原稿種別: 本文
p.
181-182
発行日: 2002/10/29
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Upgrading of low rank coal for the production of solid fuel and chemicals is considered to be the most promising topics from the environmental point of view. In this study, liquid-phase cracking of low rank coals (Taiheiyo, Buckskin, Kansk-Achinsk, Yallourn and Fortuna coals), which are rich in oxygen, having low heating value, was investigated at 350〜440℃ using decalin and coal tar as solvent under 2MPa of initial nitrogen atmosphere. Obvious decrease of oxygen atom, increase of heating value and improved high ignition temperature of the upgraded coals were observed. Some of the upgraded coals showed better coking property, evaluated in fluidity measured by gieseler-plastometer.
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