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上野 俊一朗, 佐藤 直樹, 鎌田 博之, 山田 敏彦
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p.
82-83
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The behavior of mercury in the flue gas of the oxy-coal combustion was investigated by the coal combustion test and the equilibrium calculation. In the combustion test, the mercury converted easily mercury chloride in the flue gas of the oxygen combustion compared with the air combustion in the presence of the chlorine compounds. It was found by the equilibrium calculation that the oxygen combustion promoted the conversion of chloride compounds into hydrogen chloride which occurred the chlorination of mercury.
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陳 凱幼, 奥村 裕司, 守富 寛
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p.
84-85
発行日: 2008/10/09
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To clear the influence of sorbent and chloride in the flue gas control process, we calculated the thermodynamic equilibrium compositon of Hg^0 and Hg^<2+> and investigated the adsorption and desorption behavior in the presence of HCl, CaO and activated carbon. As a result, it was found that CaCl_2 is more stable than HgCl_2 and that the depeudence of the desorption rate on the temperature is greater than the adsorption rate.
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佐藤 直樹, 上野 俊一朗, 鎌田 博之, 内藤 俊之
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p.
86-87
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In this study, using the exhaust gas from combustion of coal and chloride, mercury speciation over the V_2O_5/TiO_2 catalyst was investigated. It was confirmed that only the HCl existed as the chloride in the exhaust gas and enhanced the Hg^0 oxidation over catalyst. The rate of Hg^0 oxidation increased with increasing of the chloride amount. It was observed that the species of chloride have no influence on the Hg^0 oxidation. The enhancement of the Hg^0 oxidation by Bromide is more than that by chloride.
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井手原 広季, 岡田 章吾, 中島 常憲, 高梨 啓和, 大木 章
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p.
88-89
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The biodesulfurization of nine coals was examined by use of Thiobacillus. ferrooxidans, and the factors which affect the efficiency of biodesulfurization were investigated. The % removal of inorganic sulfur varied from 23-90% depending upon the type of coal. The pH increase in the medium was caused by the leaching of Ca from coal, and the % removal of inorganic sulfur was decreased. The prediction method for biodesulfurization efficiency was developed by use of acid leaching test (0.1M HNO_3). Also the removal of hazardous trace elements, such as As and Hg, from coal during biodesulfurization process was examined.
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長沼 宏, 池田 信矢, 成瀬 一郎, 義家 亮, 多久和 毅志, 浦島 一晃, 伊藤 正, 五十嵐 義昭
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p.
90-91
発行日: 2008/10/09
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In pulverized coal fired boilers, molten ash particles generated during combustion have possibility of adhesion on surface of heat exchanger tubes. This ash deposition layer formed plays a role for insulation surrounding the tubes. In order to solve this problem, surface treatment technology of the heat exchanger tubes is developed in this study. Surface treatment technology adopted in this study could reduce the ash deposition during coal combustion. The adhesive bond between the deposition layer and the tube surface related to percentage of content of alkali sulfate in ash.
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二宮 善彦, 王 群英, 徐 書音, 水野 勝治, 粟谷 功
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p.
92-93
発行日: 2008/10/09
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Two types of coal used in coal-fired power plants were mixed with either Ca-based or Mg-based chemical additives. Raw coal and coal mixed with additives were burnt in a lab-scale drop tube furnace. The impact of the added additives on the transformation of the minerals, as well as on the emission of particulate matter (PM) having an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5μm (PM_<2.5>) was investigated. The generated ash particles were collected using a cyclone combined with a low-pressure impactor. The physical and chemical properties of these ash particles were analyzed. The results indicate that the addition of chemical additives can affect the mineral transformation process, and thus, control the emissions of PM_<2.5> and PM_1 particles during combustion. In particular, the addition of additives has a visible impact on the particle size distribution and chemical composition of the PM, wherein, it improves the degree of coalescence of sub-micron and fine mineral particles, which reduces PM_<2.5> emissions. The effect on the reduction of PM_<2.5> emissions strongly depends on the type of coal being used.
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田谷 幸洋, 多久和 毅志, 朝倉 榮次, 義家 亮, 成瀬 一郎
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p.
94-95
発行日: 2008/10/09
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Some trace metal compounds in coal easily vaporize and form fumes during coal gasification. The fumes subsequently cause some problems such as corrosion of the gas turbine blades and material deterioration of the fuel cell. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and control the volatilization of those compounds. In this paper, the evolution behavior of trace heavy metal compounds, especially for Pb and Cd has been studied by thermodynamic equilibrium calculation under combustion and gasification conditions.
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武山 彰宏, 項 杰, 山崎 陽子, 神原 信志, 守富 寛
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p.
96-97
発行日: 2008/10/09
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Arsenic content in fly ashes and its leaching characteristics were investigated for two different coals to control arsenic concentration in waste water from a land reclamation site. The fly ash samples were corrected from an ESP in a large scale pulverized coal combustion process. To know the effect of size distribution on the leaching rate, fly ashes were sieved in six classifications, and their arsenic content and leaching were measured by a direct determination using GF-AAS. The leaching rate of arsenic was not influenced by the particle size distribution, however, pH of a leaching test strongly affected the leaching rate of arsenic.
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神原 信志, 守富 寛
原稿種別: 本文
p.
98-99
発行日: 2008/10/09
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Boron is an environmental harmful element because high boron concentrations give toxic effects on land plants. In Japan, boron concentration in waste water discharging to sea, namely, boron concentration in waste water from wet flue gas desulphurization system in coal fired power plants have been regulated less than 230ppm since 2002. Therefore, the partitioning behavior of boron in pulverized coal fired processes is an important issue for Japanese coal users. This paper describes the boron partitioning behavior for twelve different coals in a large-scale pulverized coal fired power plant. To explain the behavior and coal quality impacts, boron release behavior and boron functionalities are investigated by DTF combustion tests and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements.
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川島 彬之, 坪内 直人, 大塚 康夫
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p.
100-101
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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To elucidate chlorine behavior in coal utilization, a model carbon prepared from phenol resin is first O_2-activated and then impregnated with Ca, Cu or Zn. When the sample is exposed to a stream of 100ppm HCl/N_2 at 100〜300℃, HCl interacts physically and chemically with all carbon samples to form surface chlorine species, and the extent of the interaction increases by metal doping. The XPS measurement of the Cu-doped carbon after the removal of physi-sorbed HCl at 100℃ shows a broad, distinct Cl 2p spectrum, which is identified mainly as inorganic chlorides.
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清水 忠明, 豊野 雅矩
原稿種別: 本文
p.
102-103
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In order to predict the influence of sewage sludge accumulation on NOx emissions from a circulating fluidized bed combustor (CFBC), a model of ash attrition is proposed. The results of model calculation are compared with experimental results of particle size distribution, ash recovery, and decay rate of ash amount within the riser of CFBC.
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関根 泰, 田村 博文, 松方 正彦, 菊地 英一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
104-105
発行日: 2008/10/09
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We investigated effective catalysts for converting biomass-tar derived from the gasification/combustion of cellulose. Experiments were conducted with a sequential combined reactor with a fluidized bed gasifier/combustor and a fixed bed reactor for removing tar. Several kinds of Co or Ni supported catalysts were investigated. As a result, we found that Ni/CeO_2 and Ni/CaO catalysts showed higher activities for removing biomass-tar.
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下村 知代, 永森 浩一, 長谷川 耕平, 嶋瀬 康宏, 坂輪 光弘, 眞鍋 豊士, 井戸 啓彰, 土居 康純
原稿種別: 本文
p.
106-107
発行日: 2008/10/09
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Coke from producing coal is usually used as recarburizer for casting. The cost of coke increases year by year. We try to use the charcoal as recaburizer for casting. The cementation rate of charcoal for Iron is examined by a small melting furace, compared with that of coke.
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西座 弘明, 岡田 昌樹, 古川 茂樹, 鈴木 庸一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
108-109
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The relation of reactivity and characterization of Na ion exchanged various zeolites prepared as solid base catalyst for Biodiesel fuel (BDF) synthesis was investigated. Ten kinds of zeolite were used as the catalyst. The zeolites were ion exchanged in NaOH solution. BDF synthesis was carried out at 333K in a batch reactor using rapeseed oil and methanol (1:15) with Na ion exchanged zeolite catalysts. The methanol adsorbed quantity, the base site quantity, and the base strength on the prepared zeolite catalysts were measured. BDF yield was only accelerated when Na ion exchanged Mordenite (MOR), Ferrierite (FER) and Molecular sieve 5A type zeolites were used as catalyst. However, Molecular sieve 4A and 3A had less activity for BDF synthesis, although they have similar crystal structure of Molecular sieve 5A. It was appeared that the reactivity of Na ion exchanged zeolite catalysts for BDF synthesis was sensitive to the micro pore diameter and the channel structure of micro pores besides the change of base site quantity and base strength in zeolites.
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麓 恵里, 松村 明光, 佐藤 信也, 鷹觜 利公
原稿種別: 本文
p.
110-111
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Catalytic cracking of heavy oil, such as petroleum residual oil, with zirconia-alumina-iron oxide catalyst in a steam atmosphere was examined to recover lighter fuels. Heavy oil was oxidatively cracked with the active oxygen species generated from steam over the iron oxide catalyst, and lighter fractions and carbon dioxide were generated with almost no coke. The active hydrogen species generated from steam were added to the heavy and middle fractions, producing gasoline, kerosene and gas oil. Large amounts of these lighter fuels were produced by the catalytic cracking of heavy oil with the catalyst at 500℃, while the amount was less at 450℃. To promote the cracking heavy oil at 450℃, more alumina was added to the catalyst. As a result, this new catalyst was found to be more active for cracking heavy oil even at 450℃, and the amount of lighter fuels became equal to that at 500℃.
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三浦 孝一, 蘆田 隆一, Nakorn WORASUWANNARAK, 阪上 明弘
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p.
112-113
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Treatment of heavy oils in supercritical water has attracted attention as an efficient method of upgrading the heavy oils. It is important to clarify the mechanism of heavy oil pyrolysis in supercritical water for making the process more efficient. In this study we examined the pyrolysis behavior of a bitumen in supercritical water using a batch type reactor and compared with the pyrolysis behavior of the bitumen in a nitrogen atmosphere. It was found that the bitumen was converted into lighter fractions mainly through decomposition of aliphatic groups in the bitumen for the both atmospheres up to 450℃. At above 420℃, the decomposition of aliphatic groups was faster in supercritical water than in a nitrogen atmosphere. Since the bitumen is composed of various constituents, it is reasnable to investigate the pyrolysis behaviors of the constituents separately. The pyrolysis behaviors of n-pentane soluble (maltene) and n-pentane insoluble (asphaltene) of the bitumen in supercritical was then examined. It was clarified that the decomposition of asphaltene rather than maltene was responsible for the change in a molecular weight distribution of the bitumen in supercritical water at 420℃ where the decomposition was faster in supercritical water.
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梶谷 史朗, 張 岩, 原 三郎, 芦澤 正美
原稿種別: 本文
p.
114-115
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Cedar bark or cedar bark vinegar was mixed into two coals and pyrolyzed rapidly at high temperature, and the product char was gasified with carbon dioxide to study the reactivity in the co-gasification of coal and biomass. Though the gas yield during the pyrolysis increased with the mixing rate of the bark, the bark had little influence on the gasification reactivity of the char of the mixture of coal and biomass. On the other hand, it was clarified the addition of the crude vinegar made from the carbonization of biomass was more effective in the increase of the char gasification reactivity.
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永森 浩一, 下村 知代, 長谷川 耕平, 嶋瀬 康宏, 坂輪 光弘, 眞鍋 豊士, 稲田 将人, 井戸 啓彰, 土居 康純
原稿種別: 本文
p.
116-117
発行日: 2008/10/09
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We developed the carbonization furnace by using the exhausted gases during carbonization. In thin case, the wood for carbonization is dried, because of the energy balance. The wood contained of moisture is not carbonized without any out side energy. The wood contained of moisture can be carbonized by adding charcoal powder producing the furnace.
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嶋瀬 康宏, 吉田 将英, 長谷川 耕平, 坂輪 光弘
原稿種別: 本文
p.
118-119
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In present Japan the recovery of used paper is about 70%, and it is mostly used as raw materials in paper manufacture. However, there are some problems, such as degradation of paper fiber by reusing used paper and the increase of bleaching cost of used paper. The forest area of Kochi Prefecture is about 84%, and it holds abundant woody resources. On the other hand, the effective usage of sawdust and bark is needed. In this research, we aim at the improvement in a usage of used paper and unused woody resources by exploiting these resources and developing highly competitive products. Therefore, the plant cultivation floor made from mixture of unused woody resources, such as sawdust and bark, with used paper is developed, and the characteristics of the charcoal from mixtures are examined.
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池永 直樹, 中嶋 浩志, 鈴木 俊光
原稿種別: 本文
p.
120-121
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Gasification behaviors of various biomass char were investigated. The gasification rate was affected by indigenous mineral matter contents of calcium and potassium. Especially a steep rise at the higher conversion region was assumed to potassium catalyst moving to the active free carbon site appeared by the fragmentation of carbon structure.
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Enkhsaruul Byambajav, Yasuo Ohtsuka
原稿種別: 本文
p.
122-123
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Steam gasification of green petcoke without and with 5 mass% K is carried out with a pressurized fixed bed reactor, and the raw coke and the gasified samples with bum off of 11-64% are subjected mainly to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis to examine the changes in surface chemical states of inherent hetero atoms as well as the K added. The comparison of the S 2p spectra shows the appearance of new species in the presence of the catalyst. No Ni signals are observed in any cases. On the other hand, very unexpectedly, strong V 2p peaks appear after the uncatalyzed or K-catalyzed reaction at 900 or 750℃, respectively, meaning the drastic surface enrichment of V atoms, and the spectrum observed with the K-bearing gasified sample provides the higher binding energy. It is likely that part of the K catalyst on the petcoke surface is transformed into K-S-V species in the gasification process.
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海保 守, 山田 理, 安田 肇, 松村 聡介, 島田 荘平
原稿種別: 本文
p.
124-125
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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When new fuel or new reactor is tested, gasification condition is often determined according to a stoichometric reaction formula, CH_mO_n+0.5(1-n)O_2→CO+0.5mH_2. In the case of biomass, the stoichometric gasification is endothermic and it is not practical to use. When biomass are gasified with other fuels whose stoichometric reactions are strongly exothermic, it seems to be gasified at appropriate temperature. We estimate the mixture ratio of biomass and fuels to be able to gasify stoichometricaly at 900℃, that is needed to cease the tar formation.
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高橋 洋一, 安室 元晴, 奥井 利明, 田村 正明
原稿種別: 本文
p.
126-127
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The direct coal liquefaction is expected as an alternative way to obtain transportation fuels in Indonesia. The synthetic oils from coal, in particular, diesel oil fraction has a challenge to improve the cetane number to the country's regulation level. Indonesia is a major player of production of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Bio Diesel Fuel (BDF), which have some good characteristics in high cetane numbers or high ignitability. In this study, the raw liquefied oil from brown coal was treated with CPO and BDF in the upgrading section of BCL process. It was demonstrated that the addition of CPO and BDF was effective not only of improving cetane number but desulfurization and denitration reactions.
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杉本 義一, 竿留 良明
原稿種別: 本文
p.
128-129
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Brown coals were extracted or liquefied in tetralin at the temperatures of 400〜460℃. Increasing reaction temperatures resulted in the successive decrease of toluene-insolubles but not the increase of heavy oily products (b.p.>250℃). The recovered yields of the heavy oil were 32〜39wt%, and the oxygen contents were 6〜8wt%. Woody biomass was well dissolved in p-cresol even at 300℃. The recovered yield of heavy extract was over 100%, which indicated that p-cresol was condensated with active fragments of cellulose or hemicellulose.
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井上 聡則, 増田 薫, 奥山 憲幸, 小松 信行, 濱口 眞基, 蘆田 隆一, 三浦 孝一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
130-131
発行日: 2008/10/09
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Hyper-coal (HPC) is an ash-free coal produced by the solvent de-ashing technology. HPC has a potential as a coke-additive to improve the coke strength. In this work, in order to study the influence of HPC on coke-making properties, HPCs were mixed with caking-coal and slightly caking coal, then their expansion property, pore volume distribution and so on were investigated.
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鎌本 隼平, 森下 佳代子, 宝田 恭之
原稿種別: 本文
p.
132-133
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In order to produce cheap activated carbon for electric double layer capacitors, Hiper-coal was used as a raw material. The purpose of this study is to produce activated carbon with high capacitance and we examined the influence of carbonization temperature. The sample prepared at carbonization temperature 800℃ showed the highest capacitance (21F/cm^3).
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愛澤 禎典, 上坊 和弥
原稿種別: 本文
p.
134-135
発行日: 2008/10/09
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Hardness of elemental structure of coke including coke matrix and pore was measured by micro Brinel test. Brinel hardness was well explained by porosity and coke texture hardness by micro Vickers test. Brinel hardness had weak correlation with drum index, because of the fine coke originated in the crack of coke lump is included in 15mm under fine coke. It became clear that about 0.5mm under fine coke is not influenced on crack of coke through the study of drum test, amount of that fine coke under drum test and Brinel hardness had good correlation.
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深田 喜代志, 下山 泉, 庵屋敷 孝思, 藤本 英和, 角 広行
原稿種別: 本文
p.
136-137
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Coarse defect structure was quantified and its control factor was investigated, which exerts a strong influence on coke strength, as part of the development of high strength cokemaking technology. First of all, X-ray CT images of several cokes were evaluated by image analysis and it was clarified that coke defect structure around millimeter scale obeyed Weibull distribution. Then, to study the formation behavior of coke defect structure, bubble nucleation and growth during plastic phase in packed coal layer was numerically analyzed, and both simulation and experimental results were compared. Eventually, pore growth parameter as the control factor of defect structure was derived from above results.
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鷹觜 利公, 宍戸 貴洋, 斎藤 郁夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
138-139
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Ash-free coal called HyperCoal (HPC), was produced by thermal extraction of two coals of different ranks (subbituminous (SBI) and bituminous coals (BIT)) with 1-methylnaphthalene at 360℃. The effects of blending these HPCs into standard coal blends were investigated. Blends made with SBI-HPC, produced from a non-caking coal, gave a higher tensile strength than the standard blend in semicoke strength test, as well as those with BIT HPC. Furthermore, by grinding the HPC to fine particles less than 0.002mm, the effect of blending on the tensile strength was greatly enhanced.
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上岡 健太, 小谷野 耕二, 宍戸 貴洋, 松村 明光, 鷹觜 利公
原稿種別: 本文
p.
140-141
発行日: 2008/10/09
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As HyperCoal (ash-free coal) has a very high thermoplasticity during heating, the use of HPCs instead of caking coal may be attractive. However, since HPC also has a high expansibility, there is a concern to make serious pores during coking. While, in cokemaking, a significant load is applied to coal blends, which may prevent the influence of HPC expansion. In this study, the effect of load during coking on the coke strength improved by the addition of HPCs, was investigated.
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宍戸 貴洋, 奥山 憲幸, 濱口 眞基, 小松 信行, 松平 寛司, 西村 勝
原稿種別: 本文
p.
142-143
発行日: 2008/10/09
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HyperCoal (HPC) is an ash-less coal produced by solvent extraction of coal using conventional two-aromatic-ring compounds as a solvent. In this paper, characteristic of HPC as the coke additive for the steel making coke was studied by the experiment with 300kg-scale coke oven. We obtained the high strength coke of DI=86 from the coal blends containing slightly caking coal of 50% and 10% HPC. Effects of HPC particle size and reactivity of HPC added coke were also discussed.
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山崎 義昭, 林崎 秀幸, 松下 洋介, 青木 秀之, 三浦 隆利
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p.
144-145
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In this study, CO_2 gasification reaction type of highly reactive coke is experimentally measured and the effect of catalyst particles on the macro rigidly of highly reactive coke is numerically evaluated. CO_2 gasification reaction type in 900℃ imitated temperature of thermal reactive zone in blast furnace was converted from homogeneous reaction to topochemical reaction by addition of catalyst before coking. The macro rigidly of highly reactive coke is decreased by presence of catalyst particle, it seems to be caused by decrease of connection of coke matrix by inhibition of coal dilatation.
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神成 尚克, 尾崎 純一, 原田 靖之, 藤本 英和
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p.
146-147
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Effects of additives to a coal on their softening and melting behavior were studied in order to understand the decrease in cokes strength by pre-addition of catalyst to a coal. The detailed analysis on the extracts from the intermediate by heated catalyst added coals was performed. The loss of fusibility of coals was caused by the polymerization of PS component by the catalytic action of Fe_2O_3.
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林崎 秀幸, 山崎 義昭, 平木 健一, 松下 洋介, 青木 秀之, 三浦 隆利, 福田 耕一, 松平 寛司
原稿種別: 本文
p.
148-149
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In this study, coke strength for actual microscopic structures before/after solution loss reaction is numerically evaluated using digital-image based modeling. Stress analyses for microscopic structures of coke before/after solution loss reaction in 1173K are carried out. In the analyses, microscopic structure of coke is assumed to be composed of active components and pores. Analytical results show that the maximum von Mises stress increases with an increase in conversion for solution loss reaction. It is caused by decrease of pore wall thickness by solution loss reaction. The stress distribution closely relates to change of microscopic structures by solution loss reaction.
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加藤 健次, 福田 耕一, 近藤 博俊, 植松 宏志
原稿種別: 本文
p.
150-151
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In the 21^<st> century, we are required to take appropriate measures regarding global environmental issues, utilize natural resources effectively, and establish a sustainable recycling society. To provide one of the solutions, the waste plastics recycling process using coke ovens was developed by Nippon Steel in 2000. The amount of the waste plastics recycled by this technology was about 1 million tons for these 8 years. In this paper, recent status of waste plastics recycling process using coke ovens was discussed.
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坪内 直人, 大塚 康夫, 佐藤 正秀, 鈴木 昇, Frank E. Huggins
原稿種別: 本文
p.
152-153
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Pyrolysis of eight binds of Argonne premium coals has been carried out in a temperature-programmed mode at 10℃/min with a fixed bed quartz reactor. The temperature dependence of the rate of HCl evolved differs with each coal and shows at least three peaks at 380-410, 480-510 and 580℃. HCl yield up to 800℃ depends strongly on coal type and tends to decrease with increasing atomic ratio of Cl/C in coal. The XPS measurements show that chlorine element in the as-received coals is enriched at the surface and present partly as organic chlorine. The surface proportion of organic C-Cl bonds in these coals, 440 and 800℃ chars changes in the range of 40-65mol%.
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佐藤 良多, 則永 行庸, 林 潤一郎
原稿種別: 本文
p.
154-155
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Detailed chemical kinetic modeling (DCKM) with a reaction mechanism consisting of thousands of elementary reactions has been successfully applied to predict combustion and pyrolysis characteristics of hydrocarbon fuels. The DCKM, however, has never been used for predicting reforming reaction of fuels like a steam reforming. In this study, experimental data of steam reforming of model gas of coke oven gas (mixture of hydrogen, steam, naphthalene, toluene, or benzene) in the tubular flow reactor (160kPa, 1073-1673K and residence time 0.5s) reported by Jess (A. Jess, Fuel, 1996) was used to validate the DCKM. The simulation using a kinetic model that consists of more than 200 chemical species and more than 2000 elementary step like reactions and a plug flow reactor model successfully reproduced the experimental results for major compounds such as conversions of the source aromatic hydrocarbons and formations of CO, CO_2, CH_4, and soot (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), as well as the influence of hydrogen concentration on the product distributions.
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園山 希, 林 潤一郎
原稿種別: 本文
p.
156-157
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Pyrolysis characteristics of various biomass species were investigated with a thermogravimetric analyzer. Kinetic parameters that are activation energies and pre-exponential factors obtained by the Miura method changed dramatically during pyrolysis process. There was the case that kinetic parameters decrease with an increase in conversion for biomass pyrolysis, while activation energy for coal increases with increasing conversion. The decrease in kinetic parameters was caused by structural changes derived from softening, depolymerization, solidification and so on. Kinetic parameter distributions were available to the characterization of biomass pyrolysis.
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原 光男, 斎藤 由佳, 吉原 正高, 菅野 元行, 角田 雄亮, 平野 勝巳, 真下 清
原稿種別: 本文
p.
158-159
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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On the recycle process of waste plastic, removal of chlorine from the waste plastic is required. It is well known that the low rank coal has the ability of cation exchange through the carboxyl group in coal. The cation exchanged coal is obtained by stirring the low rank coal in an aqueous solution containing heavy metal. Therefore, the authors are investigating the method to remove chlorine from waste plastic by co-pyrolysis of poly (vinyl chloride) and the cation exchanged coal. In this study, the effects of the kind of heavy metals on the exchange pretreatment and the reaction conditions on co-pyrolysis upon the inhibition of chlorinated organic compounds during co-pyrolysis were discussed.
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蘆田 隆一, 三浦 孝一, 加藤 健次, 齋藤 公児, 大田 晃平
原稿種別: 本文
p.
160-161
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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We have been developing upgrading methods of brown coals utilizing solvent extraction at below 350℃. The residual coals as well as the extracts obtained by the methods contain much less oxygen and much more carbon than the raw brown coal. The volatile matters of the residual coals are much less than that of the raw coal. Since the ash contents of brown coals are often very low, the ash contents of residual coals are also very low. Therefore, the residual coals can be expected as a substitute of coking coals in a cokemaking process. Furthermore, a CO_2 gasification reaction rate was found to be higher for the residual coal than for the raw coal, indicating that the use of residual coal in cokemaking may enhance the gasification reactivity of the cokes. A coke prepared from blended coking coals with the residual coal of 5wt% gasified 1.4 times faster than a coke prepared from the blended coking coals without the residual coal.
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原稿種別: 表紙
p.
Cover2-
発行日: 2008/10/09
公開日: 2017/03/22
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