In China, in accompany with continuously raising concern about living environment, further study of the existing green space becomes very important. This research deals with the composition elements of the Shuang Yu Park of Shuang Yu Shu Residential Area in Beijing. On the foundation of judgment conducted concerning the users' requirement, by means of linear programming, models and through calculation and comparison, study of the composition elements is performed. The result shows, plaza and Park path elements increase; water surface and lawn elements reduce; other elements remain unchanged which are duly considered. Among them, the scale dealing with change of plaza elements is large; compared with the high increase performance, the scale of change dealing with park path elements turns to the rather narrow and the increase performance is relatively lower. Besides, compared with the water surface elements, the reduction rate of lawn turns to be lower. From the above result, the basic selection numerical value concerning reconstruction plan is obtained.

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This is one of the studies about the characteristic of the eye fixation of pedestrian in the pedestrian's space. This study aims to find the characteristic of a wheelchair user. We experimented it at a slope and a flat portion which are set up to approach the buildings. The wheelchair users themselves installed the eye cameras on their heads and moved in order to record the point of the eye fixation. As a result of this basic analysis, we found the following things. The time of the eye fixation at the up slope is longer in comparison with that at the down slope and the flat portion. It is road surface that they see mainly. A distance to road surface they see is 2 or 3m at the slope. Also, it is 6m at the flat portion.

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This study aims to analyze transition pattern of open space in Edo-Tokyo urbanization process by GIS overlay analysis. We focused on open space continuation, made thematic maps of continuation area, and analyzed relationships between continuation pattern and open space's scale and characteristics. The result of those analysis are as follows; (1) Most of open spaces after Edo were continued from past open spaces.(2) Large scale open space tend to be continued. And small scale open space tend to be reduced.(3) As the result of cluster analysis, transition of open space can be specified to 3 types by open space characteristics.

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Accident reports from 376 kindergartens and nursery schools in Nagoya were reviewed for statistical analyses for the purpose of developing guidelines to improve the safety of play equipments. Of all accidents in these children's facilities, 353 cases (24.3%) were attributable to play equipments. Areas to which attention was to be directed were identified employing a model developed to explain the mechanism of accident. Prevention of simple falling down is particularly essential since 50 percent of accidents attributable to play equipments were of this type. This and other three types, i. e., rolling to fall, tumbling over, and colliding, counted for about 90 percent of all accidents attributable to play equipments. Preventive measures have to be directed to each of three basic factors and to cut their linkage: factors of users: play equipments and surrounding environments. User factor triggers accidents: play equipments and surrounding environment factors determine specific injuries. Preventive measures thus need to be focused on these factors.

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Access to parks and other outdoor settings is an important aspect of the development of children reared in urban environments. For handicapped children, however, a number of barriers make such access problematic. This study concerns the assesment of questionnaires distributed among the faculty of a handicapped children's school, with an aim toward clarifying the barriers to park access. The results show that while a number of teachers believe the school's curriculum is too difficult to allow time for such outings, the majority feel that they would utilize the parks if they were more handicapped-accessible. The most commonly cited improvements were the leveling of roads and improvement of restroom facilities. The study group was in general consensus that trained voluntary assistants should be available to conduct the students to and from parks, which hold significant potential for both nature studies and recreation.

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This study aims to explain the site conditions and location for “nature experience activity” to promote it at the surrounding residential areas of metropolis. We asked to the people (first grade students, forth grade students, their families and senior citizens) living in the suburbs of Saitama prefecture, an urban sprawl which still retains a rich natural environment, what kind of place they usually use for “nature experience activity”. As a result, “nature experience” is classified under eleven types of activities and the sites of those activities are classified under fourteen types. On each activity type, waterfronts are frequently used. Our results show that children play around their home or at the recreation facilities in the city area besides they play “experience with artifial facilities”. They play cheerfully being in contact with the natural environment. Adults often use the waterfronts, natural parks and mountain areas. Their activities seek commune with the natural environment, are compounded by many factors and involve movement from place to place. In the future, it is essential for regional planning purposes to arrange space for various activities in order to achieve “nature experience activity” around residential areas. As for the waterfronts, it is necessary to investigate the details of their utilization among children, their families and senior citizens.

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The various kinds of open space and its related spaces exist in urbanized area. These spaces are important as qualities of the living environment. Therefore, in this study, it was intended to investigate the requirements to improve the “Open Space and its Related Spaces” as “places of meaning” in Fukuoka-City.
As a result of this study, the “places of meaning” which can be used to develop planning guidelines for future O. S. R. S development were identified through the term of living years, the degree of satisfaction of their environment, the frequency of peoples' access and the property of the “Open Space and its Related Spaces” were examined as the elements.

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The victims of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake had to make trips between the shelters and their homes. We sent questionnairs to these refugees to collect the information about their trip activities. The analysis revealed that: 1) 85% of the refugees were actually making trips between shelters and their homes. 2) The frequency of the trip activity was negatively correlated to the time required to make the trip. 3) The refugees did not feel the trips were too painful if the trip time was less than 15 to 20 minutes.

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The purpose of this study is to examine some characteristic relationships of public park and its surrounding town scape.
Higashi Ayase Park, located at Adachi-ku, Tokyo, and the adjacent lots around the park was the subject area of this study. The study is concerned with the survey of the exisiting land use of the area and the idetification of building appearance adjacent to the park.This study also tried to determine and understand interesting facts, and part of an effective park planning knowledge.
The result of the field survey, analysis and evaluation showed how to properly appraise the value of the park and take an accurate measurement of a park effect based on the location and form of the park.

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The aim of this paper is to evaluate the park management system of the VanDusen Botanical Garden (22 acre) in Vancouver, Canada. The Park is operated by the Board of Parks and Recreation of the City of Vancouver and the Vancouver Botanical Gardens Association since it opened in 1975. The management system of this Garden is one of great interest in the field of park management.
The analysis in this study focused on the management organization, park operations, recreation programming, volunteer activities and the role of citizen as partners in park management. The results are the follows;
1) The responsibility of both the park management board and the members of the Gardens Association are clearly defined. 2) Vancouver Botanical Gardens Association was founded in 1966 by a group of people who are all interested in garden's, all members are required to pay an annual membership fee to the association. 3) The Gardens Association offers a number of yearly recreation and educational programs like: plant sales, garden shows, garden courses and lectures, plant information service, student education programs, horticulture therapy, garden interpretation and so on. 4) All the services performed by the Gardens Association provides valuable opportunity to the people in and around Vancouver to carry out volunteer work.

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This study aimed to clarify the reconstruction method of Yodogawa Riverside Park from the viewpoint such as the activities of users and the symbiotic relationship with nature by investigating the natural zone and the wild grass field zone. Through this study the following findings are obtained. Users desire space with wealthiness of nature. This tendency is more conspicuously strong as for elder persons and as for persons living in more than 1km distance far from each zone. In the community area of reed (Phragmites communis Tri.) which is one of nature zones, it is demanded to communicate with nature aggressively during preserving nature. In the wild grass field zone where various facilities for users are found, it is demanded to discuss the reconstruction such as this area increases nature moreover even if it is limited to use area to some degree.

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In this study, the change and conservation of green coverage at the housing site were investigated at the residential area in Zushi City, Kanagawa. We surveyed the change of green coverage and housing site by the analysis of aerial photographs. The results are as follows;
1) In 1946, there were large-scale sites, these area over 400m², built as the villa area. And the tree-covered ratio was 55.7%.
2) But it decreased when the site was divided. The tree-covered ratios were 37.7% in 1963, 18.8% in 1977, 23.7% in 1988 and 17.2% in 1992.
3) Some residential houses turned to commercial and recreational uses that, there were few green coverage. It is necessary to establish a new systems to landscape planting.

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This study is framewark for planning system of scenic area in TAMAGAWA scenic area. I anarized the historyof TAMAGAWA scenic area, the distribution and scale of green area, residential area, parks. As a result it becomeclear that the scenic image is reserved from when TAMAGAWA scenic area was designated, (2) scenic elements and that scale was changed.When the scenic area was designated, the green area was continuative about 500m or 1km length and 100m wide. In urbanization, it was changed to green area, regidential area, parks, and these scale became smaller. But, scenic elements has been preserved on these spaces.

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In 1971, the designation of green belt's around major Korean cities started for the purpose of green space preservation. The green belt areas are protected by strong development regulations. This contributed to the close relationship between the city area and the rural areas. But the development of new golf courses and new towns continued at the outter part of the green belt in Seoul and Busan city area. Because most of these golf courses were constructed in the suburbs just outside of the the green belt, these contributed to the destruction of green space in the suburbs and continued for 25 years. However in 1992, policy studies on the development of golf courses were conducted by the government. This study is concerned with the distribution analysis of golf courses to determine the proper development and conservation of the urban fringe and suburban green space.

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We tried to understand green tourisum on the suburbs of a metropolis in Japan, from a viewpoint of tourism development, conservation, the agricultural problem, the interaction between an urban area and a rural area and regional activation. From this investigation of three areas in Nara Prefecture we got the following subject, the change in quality of the development design and the management, the necessity of a closer connection with the park and other histrical tourism resources, the necessity of a wider tour network and the agricultural activation.

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This study has tried to analyze the process of building spatial image, in case of designing open spaces by participation process on Taishido District Planning. With setting two ideal types of approach which is “Spatial Image Guided Type” and “Process Creating Image Type”, usually the former types were found in the process of designing open spaces. But the follower types were found in cases of some pocket parks, the advocated plan of water stream on green way, and one extra case of street set back space. The meaning of rebuilding context around spaces, managing spaces against vandalism and other social issues by neighbors, are found at the “Process Creating Image Type”.

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In the field of spacial improvement in highidensity area, there are a number of movements making pocket park at the housing site which is too small to build house.
To make clear what kind of relation there have been between the pocket park and the neighborhood, I reserched about it by hearing upon the neighbors mainly who take part in the maintenance of the pocket park, in the case study in Higashi-ikebukuro 4, 5cyoume district in Toshima Ward, Taishido 2, 3cyoume district in Setagaya Ward, Ichitera, Kototoi district in Sumida Ward, in Tokyo.
As a result, there are some characteristics about the relation between pocket park and neighborhoods in these following points 1. The consciousness and its appearance 2.Reaction to the problem 3.Apperance of small community and its reduction.

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