Background: Sarcopenia status and sarcopenic obesity among super-elderly people who have achieved healthy longevity and live independently are unclear. This survey aimed to assess the actual sarcopenia status and sarcopenic obesity among super-elderly people in rural areas of Nonoichi City and Hakusan City in Japan. Methods: Physical function was assessed in 32 super-elderly people aged >90 years (9 men and 23 women, aged 96 ± 3 years) by analyzing grip strength, body composition, gait speed, and performance, using the Short Physical Performance Battery, Mini-Mental State Examination, Barthel Index, Activities of Daily Living Evaluation Scale, and Nishimura geriatric rating scale for mental status. The 2019 diagnostic criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia were used to diagnose sarcopenia. Obesity was defined as percentage body fat of 25% or more in men and 30% or more in women. Results: Among 30 participants, 6 did not have sarcopenia, 3 had mild-to-moderate sarcopenia, and 21 had severe sarcopenia. Of the 24 participants with sarcopenia, 14 had sarcopenic obesity. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that severe sarcopenia was significantly associated with skeletal muscle index (SMI) and gait speed. Conclusions: Many super-elderly people in rural areas of Japan had severe sarcopenia and approximately half of the population had sarcopenic obesity. The results of this study suggest that SMI and gait speed are associated with severe sarcopenia. For healthy longevity, it is important to maintain SMI and gait speed. Further research on maintenance of SMI and gait speed is required to prevent severe sarcopenia in super-elderly people.

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Purpose: To identify the factors necessary for estimating the transmission of health wisdom in a super-elderly community in Ogimi Village, Okinawa Prefecture, using a mathematical model of infectious diseases. Study design: A cross-sectional survey and was conducted as part of a cohort study. Subjects: The Seven clusters were classified by circular area with a diameter of 2.8 km from the neighboring villages. The attributes were 120 population over 90 years old and representative of the stratified sample (16.6%). Outcomes: The occurrence of an event in which participants learned about conventional medical care from folk remedies for malaria, a common disease in Okinawa. The measured using the HLS-EU-Q47, Methods: Statistical analysis was performed using ordinary differential equations, and Barkley-Madonna 10.2 was used to simulate the data in MCMC. Results: In fact, the data in this study show that the model that assumes that there is a cessation of transmission after the acquisition of negative information about folk remedies, with some additional information, clearly differs from the real data by less than 5%（compared to the SIR model）.

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Pulse wave velocity is known to be an important indicator of health risk, and it has been shown that changes in pulse wave velocity (PWV) with aging occur as a natural deterioration of approximately 20 cm/sec per year. Factors that cause this velocity to change have been investigated, one of which is the promotion of physical activity or suppression of physical inactivity. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of physical inactivity on PWV, in addition to age-related deterioration, by focusing on the accumulation of physical inactivity in visually impaired people with coronas, a situation in which the effects of physical inactivity on PWV can be observed over time. Subjects and Methods. The target population was a group of visually impaired people who had difficulty walking outdoors due to the corona disaster, where the longitudinal effects of physical inactivity in strict daily life could be observed. We invited representatives of a mutual aid society for the visually impaired in a suburban area of Japan to participate in the study and selected those who responded and met the selection criteria. The selection criteria were blindness, use of a white cane, and independent living. The research design was a case study method. However, a field study was conducted as part of the cohort study. The study used data from the period March 2018 to November 2021. The location of the study was the Kusatsu-machi Welfare Center in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. The outcomes were pulse wave velocity baPWV and ABI, and the number of rises from a chair position in 5 seconds. Results. Explanatory variables were height, weight, body fat percentage, muscle mass percentage, and health status within 1 month of the time of measurement. Statistical analysis showed changes over time, calculated correlation coefficients between outcomes and explanatory variables, plotted scatter plots, and performed median tests based on geometric distributions. The percentage of people who showed increased adiposity or decreased muscle mass percentage as an outcome of the development of physical inactivity was 4 out of 5, or 80%; the rate of deterioration over natural deterioration of PWV was 2 out of 5, or 40%.

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Purpose: To determine which of the following factors had the greatest relevance to pulse wave velocity and specific physical activity in very elderly people over 90 years of age who live independently: the angle of trunk flexion, the time required for the movement, and the amount of load on balance. Subjects and methods: The target population was a group of very old people over 90 years of age who live independently. The study design was a cross-sectional study of subgroups within a cohort study at 2019. Outcomes included aortic-radial pulse wave velocity APWV (measured by I-heart pulse wave sensor), trunk flexion angle, time required for the movement, distance of fingertip movement (video recorded in sagittal plane, analyzed by 2Dsutadio, made in Japan), height, weight, muscle mass percentage, body fat percentage, and body weight. Body weight, muscle mass percentage, body fat and muscle strength (Inbody. H208). The specific physical activity consisted of three repetitions of the Functional Reach Test. A ball with a diameter of 10 cm was placed at the end of the reach and the participants were instructed to poke it. The method of analysis was multiple regression analysis, with APWV as the dependent variable and the constituent factors in the movement as explanatory variables, and the standard partial regression coefficients were calculated and evaluated (IBM SPSS v21). Systolic blood pressure was entered as a confounding factor. Results: The descriptive statistics of the anthropometric measurements of the target population were as follows. There were 20 participants, 16 of whom carried out all measurements. The ratio of males to females was 3 to 7, the average height was 146 (8) cm, the average weight 52 (12) kg, the muscle mass percentage 17.8 (4.5) %, the body fat percentage 32.5 (7.0) %, the APWV 12.09 (1.96) m/sec, the SBP 154 (24) mmHg, the component values of the movement: trunk flexion angle 25 (10) degree, the movement time 5.5(3.25)sec, distance of fingertip movement 39(21)cm. The standard partial regression coefficient for multiple regression analysis was 0.571, 95% CI (0.021-0.201) for trunk flexion angle. Gender, age, blood pressure and muscle mass percentage as adjustment factors had no significant effect.

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Purpose: To report the data and subjective evaluation of the progress of the application and appropriate use of low-intensity physical activity management techniques to improve the symptoms of daily inactivity due to general malaise experienced by myself. Subjects and methods: 　A case of type 2 diabetes mellitus at the age of 35 years, who had been living with good glycemic control for 17 years, had a gradual increase in A1C in the 18th year, from 6.2% to 12% in one year, and then increased the dose of SGLT2 for one year, and lowered it to 9.0% at Febrary2020. The patient was assessed for general malaise and inactivity on a 10-point scale using a POLAR M430 active tracker with 24-hour pulse and postural recording and a SPO2 meter, and physical activity management. The number of times per day that the heart rate rose above one hundred beats immediately after an ADL activity was monitored. Results: Immediately after discharge from hospital, general malaise was nine, daily inactivity eight and number of spikes twenty. Measure A was implemented for 2 months. The patient had a general malaise of nine, a decrease in daily activity of eight, and a steepness of fifteen. The A1C was 10%. At 18 months, Measure D was terminated, and Measure A was implemented. At this point, general malaise had improved to three, daily activity had decreased to three, the number of spikes had decreased to two, and the resting HR level at sleep had recovered to 66 bpm. The A1C was 9.0%. At this point, the patient was no longer anxious about the occurrence of sudden onset of motor fatigue associated with activities of daily living. Conclusion: Low-intensity physical activity management techniques, together with glycemic control, were found to be effective in the treatment of symptoms of reduced daily activity due to general malaise, using active trackers and SPO2 meters. We present an example of the use of low-intensity physical activity management as a method of improving these symptoms.

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