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Volume 22 (1972)
- Issue 6 Pages 569-
- Issue 5 Pages 453-
- Issue 4 Pages 353-
- Issue 3 Pages 239-
- Issue 2 Pages 121-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 22, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Makoto MITSUFUJI, Koh NAKAMURA, Tetsuro YOKOYAMA1972 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 353-365
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reproducibility of ventilatory parameters of routine spirometry was statistically evaluated on three different groups of male adults, composed of 6 well-trained doctors, 30 healthy medical students, and 12 cooperative chest patients.
The normal frequency distribution for VC, FEV1.0, and FEV1.0% was established with 600 spirometric measurements on the 6 doctors, in which these spirometric values were represented as percent deviation of the mean calculated on each subject. The variations of VC, FEV1.0, and FEV 1.0 % were consistently smaller than those of MMF (FEF25-75%) and MVV.
Confidence intervals of 95 % for the mean of VC, FEV1.0, FEV1.0%, MMF, and MVV were presented on each of the groups. Most 95 confidence intervals on the groups of doctors and students seemed to be smaller than those on the group of patients. Statistical analysis of the difference in 95 % confidence interval was described.View full abstractDownload PDF (2953K) -
Kenro KANDA1972 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 367-377
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Unit discharges produced by either muscle vibration (the tonic vibration reflex, TVR) or electric stimulation of muscle nerve (the monosynaptic reflex, MSR) were recorded on the ventral root filament in the unanesthetized spinal or decerebrate preparation. The effect of tetanization of synergist and contralateral sural nerve was studied and the TVR was compared with the MSR under thiopental anesthesia.
2) Tetanization (250/sec, 10 sec) of synergist nerve produced potentiation of the TVR for a few minutes in both decerebrated and spinal preparations.
3) Tetanization of the contralateral sural nerve also potentiated the TVR in decerebrate preparations but not in the spinal preparations.
4) A small dose of thiopental sodium (2-10 mg/kg, i. v.) markedly suppressed the TVR, whereas production of the MSR was facilitated.
5) When the muscle was stimulated by repeated vibratory bursts, reflex discharges gradually increased as the trials were repeated in both decerebrate and spinal preparations.
6) On the basis of these facts, it was suggested that polysynaptic pathway through GIa activation, which was at least partly segmental, plays an important role in generating the TVR.View full abstractDownload PDF (1199K) -
Isao OOTA, Masa TAKAUJI, Torao NAGAI1972 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 379-392
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSManganese ions are known to inhibit the calcium spike in crayfish and barnacle. In frog sartorius muscle, we found that Mn++ inhibits the peak tension of twitch, tetanus, and potassium contracture and also the rate of rise and relaxation of tension. The inhibiting effect of Mn++ increased with increasing concentration (1-10 mM). The magnitude of resting potential and the amplitude of action potential were not significantly affected, but the negative afterpotential was enhanced by 10 mM Mn++. At this concentration the peak tension of twitch, tetanus, and potassium contracture was almost completely inhibited. In 10 mM Mn++, the steep initial rise of tension in caffeine contracture was abolished, but the subsequent slow rise in tension was not affected. The peak tension was reduced by about 30 %. Mn++ actually activated the Mg++-activated ATPase of myofibrils from rabbit skeletal muscle and decreased the extra Ca-induced splitting of ATP by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These results indicate that manganese ions inhibit excitation-contraction coupling by acting on the transverse tubular system and possibly terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.View full abstractDownload PDF (3264K) -
Akinori NOMA, Yasutake HIJI1972 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 393-402
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Effects of chemical modifiers: p-chloromercuric benzoate (PCMB); N-ethylmaleimide (NEM); iodoacetic acid (IAA); 5, 5-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoate (DTNB); and dinitrofiuorobenzene (FDNB), and of metabolic inhibitors: NaCN; and 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP) on taste responses in the chorda tympani of rats were studied.
2. PCMB, NEM, and IAA at optimum concentrations depressed the sucrose response selectively without producing significant change in responses to the other three basic quality taste stimuli. The depression of the sucrose response was reversibly restored by water rinse. DTNB produced no observable effect.
3. The inhibitory effect of PCMB on the sucrose response was twenty times stronger than that of NEM.
4. The mechanism of the depression of the sucrose response by PCMB and NEM was classified as a type of competitive inhibition.
5. No effect of PCMB or NEM on responses to the four basic quality stimuli was observed when they had been mixed with mercaptoethanol.
6. FDNB depressed responses to NaCl, HCl, and quinine without producing any influence on sucrose responses.
7. The metabolic inhibitors did not depress taste responses.View full abstractDownload PDF (907K) -
Tsuguhisa EHARA1972 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 403-419
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The electrical activity of bullfrog ventricle was investigated with glass microelectrodes after the muscles had been made to accumulate Na ions in exchange for K ions.
2) The Na-loaded muscles, when immersed in recovery solutions, showed a membrane hyperpolarization of which magnitude and time course were dependent on [K] 0. Ouabain diminished this hyperpolarization. The hyperpolarization was attributed to the activity of the Na pump.
3) The Na-loaded muscles had an action potential with a markedly depressed plateau. The overshoot was also diminished. The depressed action potential gradually recovered, with changes in the membrane potential in recovery solution.
4) The recovery of the action potential was faster the higher [K] 0, not influenced by chloride removal, but inhibited by ouabain. Changes in [Ca] 0, of soaking solution for Na-loading had little effect.
5) It was concluded that the depressed plateau potential seen in Naloaded muscles was due to the increased [Na] 1, and possible mechanisms relating [Na] 1 to the plateau were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (10250K) -
Saburo HOMMA, Kenro KANDA, Shiroh WATANABE1972 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 421-432
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTonic activation of the soleus motoneuron during vibration was investigated in the decerebrate cat either peripherally in the muscle or centrally at the ventral root level.
1) It was shown that both peripheral EMG spikes and ventral root unit discharges are initiated at intervals corresponding to some multiple of the cyclic time of vibration. Therefore, motoneuronal spike frequency, MNf becomes the inverse multiple of vibration frequency, Vf, and
MNf=1/nVf
where 1/n is the ratio of vibratory input frequency to output frequency of ventral root spikes, 1/n being defined as the decoding ratio.
2) Interval histograms of the soleus EMG and motoneuron spikes during stretch differ considerably only from those obtained during added vibration. The histograms obtained during stretch showed almost normal distribution but some of them seemed to be composed of several peakings at intervals which corresponded to multiples of the interval of Ia discharge of steady rate elicited by a sustained stretch.
3) Proprioceptive, supraspinal, and contralateral reciprocal facilitation shorten the intervals between the motoneuronal discharge during vibration in accordance with decrease in the decoding ratio.View full abstractDownload PDF (1275K) -
Akira NIIJIMA1972 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 433-440
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Spontaneous afferent discharges were recorded from nerve fibers dissected from the renal nerves in vivo.
2) Raising the systemic blood pressure by mechanical and chemical means caused an increase in the discharge rate. It decreased with a reduction in the systemic blood pressure by mechanical or reflex means.
3) The time course of the change in the discharge rate has a strong resemblance to that of the systemic blood pressure.
4) The afferent discharge rate was approximately proportional to the systemic blood pressure levels.
5) The afferent discharge pattern was irregular and asynchronous with the heartbeat.
6) It is concluded that these renal receptors send information about blood pressure levels in the renal artery to the central nervous system.View full abstractDownload PDF (853K) -
Fumio ITO, Hideyo KURODA1972 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 441-452
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The site of origin and the properties of the positive afterpotential following orthodromic and antidromic propagated impulses in isolated muscle spindles of the frog were studied by means of a paraffin gap method.
2) The positive after-potential attained maximum amplitude of about 100-300 μV 15 msec after the spike potential and then decayed gradually, lasting for approximately 100 msec.
3) The amplitude of the positive after-potential decayed exponentially with increases in the distance from the spindle capsule to the paraffin gap.
4) The inactivation of the last or of the second proximal node along the subdivided branch by radiation with ultraviolet light removed the positive after-potential, leaving the propagated spike. These results indicate that the after-potential may originate mainly at the nonmyelinated filaments along the subdivided branch.
5) The amplitude of the positive after-potential following orthodromic and antidromic spikes in the frog spindle decreased with decreases in the interspike interval prior to the spike. No tetanic summation of the positive after-potential was observed, while considerable prolongation of the silent period during spontaneous orthodromic discharges was found following cessation of high frequency antidromic stimulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1224K)
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