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Volume 19 (1969)
- Issue 6 Pages 701-
- Issue 5 Pages 547-
- Issue 4 Pages 403-
- Issue 3 Pages 273-
- Issue 2 Pages 143-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 19, Issue 6
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Moto MATSUMURA1969 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 701-711
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Some properties of latency relaxation in frog skeletal muscle were investigated to explain the source of this phenomenon.
2. The latency relaxation started 2 msec (at 19-20°C) or 3.5 msec (at 10-12°C) after the peak of the spike of membrane action potential.
3. The latency relaxation was increased and hastened as the muscle was stretched within the certain limit, while it was decreased by further stretching. The latency relaxation was disappeared at the muscle length as 1.8 times long as the slack length, where twitch tension was no longer developed.
4. The second stimulus given at the relaxation phase of the preceding twitch was effective in the initiation of the second latency relaxation, although its magnitude was smaller than that of the control.
5. Changes in temperatures, some twitch potentiating ions and hypertonicity in Ringer solution caused the changes in the latency relaxation qualitatively similar to the changes in twitch tension.View full abstractDownload PDF (930K) -
Yutaka HORI, Takuko YANASE, Yutaka HATTORI, Chikayoshi TERADA1969 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 712-721
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe study has been made on the motor activity in neuro-muscular unit (NMU) at the stage of acquiring the defensive conditioned reflex in dog.The defensive conditioned reflex in the hind limb of the dog was establishedwith the combination of unconditioned stimulus (electric shock) and conditioned stimulus (sound) which preceded by 0.5 sec. the electric shock. Afterconditioning, the differentiation was reinforced by combining the positiveconditioned stimulus and the negative one. In each situation of the conditioning, NMU discharges of M. biceps femoris were recorded and τ-S relationswere examined.
The following results were obtained:
1. Before conditioning, the many plots appeared around the curve T ratherthan the curve K on the τ-S table. This fact indicates that the hind limbmuscles of dog were suited for antigrave and tonic activities.
2. When conditioning was established, few plots appeared around the Tcurve as compared with the control, while the ones situated around the Kcurve increased in number.
3. Many points around the curve T appeared after differentiation, converselythe ones plotted around the curve K decreased. Separation of K-T curvewere also seen in this time.
n discussing the central neuro-mechanism of conditioned reflex referringto the electromyographical study of NMU, it was presumed that the cor-ticalization appears at the time when the conditioned reflex was established, and that the spinalization occurs after the differentiation was formed.View full abstractDownload PDF (618K) -
Hideyo YABU, Ryozo TAKAHASHI, Eisaku MIYAZAKI1969 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 722-732
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) A preparation containing actin-like protein was extracted from the smooth muscle of the intestine with the use of STRAUB'S method.
2) The viscometric observation suggested that intestinal actin-like proteinseemed to act as a monomer (globular actin) in salt-free solution and topolymerize to some polymer (fibrous actin) when low KCl was added.
3) The extent and speed of viscosity-rise, following the polymerization, wereaccelerated by the addition of 0.4 mM ATP and a minute amount of ultra-sonicated skeletal F-actin.
4) This protein formed a complex with skeletal myosin A which behavessimilarly to the actomyosin from skeletal muscle in ATPase activity andphysico-chemical properties.
5) Ultracentrifugal analysis showed that this actin-like preparation is com-posed of three components. One of them, the main component, showed asedimentation constant of about 30 S which was equivalent to that of skeletalF-action. Sedimentations of the other two components were about 50 and 4-7S. respectively.
6) From the above results, it may be concluded that a main protein of theactin-like preparation obtained is globular actin. Some properties of intestinal actin were discussed by comparing it with those of skeletal actin.View full abstractDownload PDF (3156K) -
Fumio ITO1969 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 733-747
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Propagated action potentials were recorded across the paraffin gap situatedin the vicinity of the sensory endings in an isolated frog muscle spindle.The recorded triphasic potentials were considered to consist of two boundarycomponents which depend upon the position of the frontal and real bounda-ries between Ringer's and paraffin pools.
2. The intervals between peaks of the frontal and the real boundary com-ponents decreased with decreasing length in the paraffin pool. An increasein the distance from the capsule of the isolated spindle to the paraffin poolresulted in decrease of the amplitude of an initial part (first component) inthe frontal boundary component, but produced an increase in the amplitudeof the second part (second component) until it attained a constant amplitude.
3. When the node N2 (second proximal to the bifurcation node NO) wascrushed, the second component disappeared but the first component remainedas a monophasic action potential. This result indicates that the first com-ponent is originated from N1 or more distal nodes and the second is due toa propagated impulse initiated at nodes proximal to N2. It is assumed thatthe first component may be a sum of propagated impulses elicited synchronously along the branches of the parent axon in a spindle capsule.
4. When temperature was raised or the spindle receptor was stimulatedstrongly, modification of configuration of the triphasic potential was observed.It is discussed that the modification may be due to a propagated impulseinitiated at more proximal nodes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1331K) -
Hisashi ITOH1969 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 748-761
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Photic driving of the EEG and the average evoked response to photicstimulation were studied on 42 normal subjects between the ages of 17 and57. Photic stimulation was applied during the period of suppressed EEG, while the subjects kept their eyes open.
2. Marked photic driving was observed in 15 subjects (35.7%). The frequencyresponse curve, showed two types of response pattern. The one was “sum-mation type” which showed the maximum amplitude at the stimulus frequencyof 7-8c/sec. The other was “non-summation type” which showed a gradualdecrease in parallel with frequency increase.
3. The frequency response of the average evoked response produced thesame course of events as that of photic driving.
4. The negative component of the evoked response with the peak latencyof 170 msec showed maximal percent recovery at 120-190 msec. interval ofpaired stimuli.
5. It was suggested that the most indispensable component of the evokedresponse was VII, one of the secondary response, for the generation of photicdriving in the eye-opened state.View full abstractDownload PDF (991K) -
Kenji KUBA1969 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 762-774
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of phenol on neuromuscular transmission was investigated inthe fin red muscle fibres of the silver carp, Carassius auratus Linne. Resultsare as follows:
1. Phenol (5×10-5 to 1×10-7g/ml) had no effect on resting membrane potentials.
2. Phenol greatly increased the amplitude of excitatory junction potentials, but did not change the duration.
3. No spike generation from the muscle membrane in normal solution inresponse to nerve stimulation was observed. However, in some muscle fibres, spikes were generated by phenol from augmented excitatory junction potential.
. Phenol enormously increased the frequency but did not change the am-plitude of miniature excitatory junction potentials.
5. Phenol enhanced the size of extracellularly recorded excitatory junctioncurrents with no change in the duration. There was no effect on simultane-ously recorded action currents of the nerve ending. No effect was alsoobserved on synaptic delay.
6. Phenol had no effect on acetylcholine potential evoked by iontophoreticapplication of acetylcholine.
. Phenol had no effect on the input resistance and time constant of themuscle membrane.
From these, it was concluded that phenol facilitates the neuromusculartransmission of the silver carp fin red muscles by increasing the quantity ofAch. released from the nerve ending. Phenol had no residual transmitteraction. The increase in Ach. release by phenol is not due to changes in theresting membrane potential of the nerve ending.
The possible mechanisms involved in the action of phenol for the increasedrelease of chemical transmitter from the nerve terminal were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1068K) -
Kiyoshi MORIYA, Shinji ITOH1969 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 775-790
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFatty acid composition of brown, as well as white, fat of the rat wasanalyzed. Oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids accounted for more than 80 per-cent of the total fatty acids in brown fat. The proportion of linoleic acidwas markedly higher and that of palmitic acid considerably less in the brownfat of female rats than in that of male rats. Although differences weresmall, palmitoleic, myristic and lauric acids were less in female brown fat.In white fat the sex differences were small. Total saturated fatty acids weresignificantly less in the males than in the females in both brown and whiteadipose tissues. The sex differences observed in normal rats disappeared 2weeks after gonadectomy.
In brown fat of rats exposed to cold, oleic acid decreased progressively, while linoleic acid and to, a less extent, stearic acid increased. The propor-tion of palmitic acid was reduced 24 hours and 1 week after the cold andpalmitoleic acid progressively in the cold. The percentage of total satu-rated fatty acids decreased 24 hours after the cold, but tended to increase thereafter.
Changes in the fatty acid composition of white fat of rats exposed tocold were small. The only acid to show a significant decrease was palmiticacid.
Starvation for 5 days induced a relative decrease of palmitic acid andan increase in stearic acid in both brown and white adipose tissues. A decrease in myristic acid was observed only in brown fat and there was anincrease in linoleic and linolenic acids in white fat. In both adipose tissuestotal saturated fatty acids decreased significantly, but the changes weremore pronounced in white fat.View full abstractDownload PDF (1226K) -
Keiichi YOSHIMURA, Tsutomu HIROSHIGE, Shinji ITOH1969 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 791-800
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSerotonin was effective in vitro in stimulating the release of FFA by brown adipose tissue and the increase of FFA release was accompanied by a similar increment of the oxygen consumption of the tissue. On the other hand, serotonin had no influence on the respiration of liver and brain slices.
The increase in oxygen consumption of brown adipose tissue which was induced by serotonin and epinephrine was well correlated with the amount of FFA reesterified
The effects of serotonin on FFA release and oxygen consumption were completely abolished by reserpinization or significantly diminished by denervation. However, the effects of epinephrine or theophylline on brown adipose tissue were not influenced by these treatments.
The effects of norepinephrine was markedly potentiated by the addition of serotonin which by itself was ineffective at the amount used.
From the results it was inferred that catecholamines are of primary importance in the regulation of active thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue, while serotonin is likely to play rather subsidiary role only in the presence of catecholamines.View full abstractDownload PDF (895K) -
Taketoshi MORIMOTO, Keizo SHIRAKI, Taro INOUEAND, Hisato YOSHIMURA1969 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 801-813
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe seasonal variation of body fluid, i. e., hemodilution in summer and hemoconcentration in winter, was studied with respect to homeostasis.
The water loading test (ingestion of 20ml/kg of water) and the sweating test (sweat rate of 10-20ml/kg-hr.) were performed with the same ten subjects both in summer and in winter. Serum specific gravity, hematocrit, serum osmolality, sodium, potassium, chloride, ADH, and circulating blood volume were measured both under basal conditions and after each experimental stress. Significant seasonal changes were observed under basal conditions in the levels of ADH, sodium, and the osmolality. These differences were maintained in the hemodilution after water loading and the hemoconcentration after sweating. The magnitude of the response to the stress, the magnitude of the seasonal variation, and the magnitude of individual variation in the eight variables show very high correlations with each other. From these correlations it was concluded that the deviation of the internal environment after stress, seasonal variation of the internal environment, and individual or daily variation of the internal environment are all controlled by the same homeostatic mechanism. It was also suggested that the seasonal change of the set point for homeostasis is a result of repeated changes in the internal environment induced by the climate.View full abstractDownload PDF (964K) -
Ichiro MATSUBARA, Kojiro MATSUDA1969 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 814-823
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In dog ventricle the spike potential and the maximum depolarization rate of the action potential depend directly on the external Na concentration.
2. The slow change of membrance potential immediately after the rapid depolarization is changed by altering the external Ca concentration in the similar manner observed in frog ventricle, i. e. the slope of the slow potential change increases with elevated Ca concentration. This Ca-effect is augmented by reducing the external Na concentration.
3. The maximum plateau potential is not affected by changing the external Ca concentration, though distinctly altered by varying Na concentration.
4. It is concluded that, in the ventricular muscle of dog, a fraction of the depolarizing current during the action potential is carried by Ca ions.View full abstractDownload PDF (807K) -
Takesi HUKUHARA, Toshiaki NEYA, Katsuhiko TSUCHIYA1969 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 824-833
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The isolated jejunal loop of guinea pig was perfused by means of modified TRENDELENBURG'S method to study the effect of the pressure-raising upon the velocity of propagation of contraction waves. Action potentials were intracellularly detected from the longitudinal muscle by means of the floating microelectrodes, which were situated at two points along the long axis of the loop and about 10mm apart from each other. The spikes were used as the criterion of the passage of contraction wave.
2. With increase of the intraluminal pressure the velocity of the propagation of contraction wave was increased. The rate of increase of the velocity was in many cases 1.5-2.2mm/sec/mmH2O so that the velocity could attain 60-80mm/sec at the intraluminal pressure as high as 40 mmH2O.
3. The propagation of contraction waves was accelerated on the application of acetylcholine as well as physostigmine, while it was retarded by atropine.
4. On the basis of the results obtained in the present and previous experiments the underlying mechanism of the phenomena may be presumed to be as follows: The rise of the pressure produces the intrinsic mucosal reflex as a result there occurs from the intramural nervous elements the release of acetylcholine, which is responsible for accelerating the transmission of excitation from cell to cell.View full abstractDownload PDF (880K) -
Kiyoshi MORIYA, Shinji ITOH1969 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 834-840
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEpididymal fat pads of rats treated with lysine vasopressin released significantly less FFA and glycerol than the tissue of control rats. Vasopressin treatment effectively blocked the stimulatory effect of norepinephrine on adipose tissue lipolysis. Vasopressin, when given in vivo, was shown to be a potent inhibitor of hormone-sensitive lipase activity in white adipose tissue. On the other hand, appreciable change was not observed in the lipase activity of brown adipose tissue following vasopressin treatment.
Lipoprotein lipase activity of epididymal white fat as well as interscapular brown fat was not affected by both vasopressin and norepinephrine injections.View full abstractDownload PDF (648K) -
Masato MIYOSHI, Torashi OKAMOTO, Mamoru SUEKI, Hisato YOSHIMURA1969 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 841-850
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present experiments, in an attempt to clarify the mechanism of the influence of the blood osmolality on the electrolyte concentration in saliva, the changes in concentration of the organic component, i. e., protein and hexosamine, in saliva resulting from the intravenous administration of hypertonic solution were studied.
The results are as follows:
1. Not only electrolyte concentration, but also protein and hexosamine concentration in saliva were increased after the intravenous administration of hypertonic glucose or NaCl.
2. The reduction of salivary flow rate appeared together with the increase of blood osmolality, and the concentration of protein, and other constituents in saliva increased. The rate of increase of protein concentration can be explained by the reduction of salivary volume.
3. From the relation between the salivary flow rate and the protein excretory rate, it is suggested that the increase of water reabsorption rate through the duct epithelium may play an important role in the increase of protein and hexosamine as well as electrolyte concentration in saliva.
4. It was verified by the present experiment using RISA, that the protein was scarcely reabsorbed through the duct epithelium and protein contents in saliva was hardly influenced by the increase of blood osmolality.
5. Thus, it is suggested that the previous hypothesis, which explains an increase of concentration of electrolyte in saliva at the state of hypertonicity of body fluid is due to a depressed reabsorption of electrolyte, should be revised.View full abstractDownload PDF (921K) -
Yojiro KAWAMURA, Masaya FUNAKOSHI, Yasuo KASAHARA, Takashi YAMAMOTO1969 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 851-865
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTaste reaction to tannic acid solution in the rat was investigated. Responses of the chorda tympani, glossopharyngeal and lingual nerves to this solution applied to the tongue were recorded. Results obtained are as follows:
Previous application of tannic acid solution to the tongue surface suppressed the integrated responses of the whole chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerve to successive applications of each of the four standard taste solutions (sodium chloride, tartaric acid, sucrose and quinine-HCl). The degree of the suppressive effect by tannic acid solution was not identical in each of the taste stimuli.
Single fiber analysis of taste effectiveness of tannic acid solution revealed that the broad sensitivity taste fibers of the chorda tympani and of the glossopharyngeal nerve responded to tannic acid solution applied to the tongue surface. The responses of these fibers to the four standard taste solutions were suppressed by preceding application of tannic acid, while the narrow sensitivity taste fibers in the chorda tympani and the glossopharyngeal nerves did not respond at all to tannic acid solution. The responses of the narrow sensitivity taste fibers to a standard taste solution were not affected by previously applied tannic acid solutions.
Tannic acid solution did not evoke any responses of the mechano-and thermal sensitive fibers in the lingual nerve. The astringent taste is the result of excitation of the broad sensitivity taste fibers.View full abstractDownload PDF (3873K) -
Tsutomu HIROSHIGE, Takenori SATO, Ryuzo OHTA, Shinji ITOH1969 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 866-875
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVariation of the hypothalamic CRF activity following various stressful stimuli was examined in the normal and adrenalectomized rats by use of the intrapituitary microinjection method. Following stimuli were used such as systemic injections of vasopressin, epinephrine and histamine or exposure to ether vapor plus laparotomy, to formalin gas, to noise or strong light as a strange environment. In spite of the postulated difference among these stimuli, the animals responded rather uniformly with an increment of CRF activity in the median eminence, although the magnitude of the response was variable depending possibly upon the intensity of the stimulus applied. Hypothalamic CRF content of adrenalectomized rats remained unchanged even 20 days, postoperatively, but a marked increment of the activity was demonstrated after a stressful stimulus. Furthermore, there was observed a marked variation in the responsiveness of CRF activity to stress depending on the time of day. Physiological implications of these findings were briefly discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1101K) -
Keiichi YOSHIMURA, Tsutomu HIROSHIGE, Shinji ITOH1969 Volume 19 Issue 6 Pages 876-885
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The influence of potassium ions upon the lipolytic hormone effect in vitro was examined on epididymal white as well as interscapular brown adipose tissue slices.
2. In either adipose tissue, the omission of potassium from incubation medium markedly, though not completely, diminished the catecholamine effect on lipolysis.
3. Similar inhibition was obtained by the addition of ouabain. This inhibitory effect of ouabain was well overcome in white adipose tissue by increasing the potassium concentration in the medium, whereas in brown adipose tissue no interaction between ouabain and potassium was observed.
4. Lipolytic action of theophylline was not affected at all by ouabain in both adipose tissues and was significantly increased in the absence of potassium in the medium.
5. Catecholamine-stimulated increase in the respiration of brown adipose tissue was almost completely abolished by ouabain or potassium omission.
6. It is suggested that two mechanisms may be involved in the enhanced lipolysis. It is possible that potassium ions play some essential role in the operation of these mechanims.View full abstractDownload PDF (920K)
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