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Volume 29 (1979)
- Issue 6 Pages 651-
- Issue 5 Pages 539-
- Issue 4 Pages 359-
- Issue 3 Pages 227-
- Issue 2 Pages 103-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 29, Issue 6
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Roy C. FOSTER1979 Volume 29 Issue 6 Pages 651-660
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRates of synthesis and secretory release and the maximal requisite intracellular transit time (Tsec) for lactose were measured in vitro for three preparations of lactating guinea pig mammary tissue: tissue slices, mammary epithelial cell (MEC) acini, and mono-dispersed MEC. The Tsec values for tissue slice and acini preparations were similar, lactose required approximately 16 min to pass from its site of synthesis (Golgi) to the extracellular medium. Dispersal of mammary tissue into single cells by collagenase disruption of all cell-cell junctional complexes increased the Tsec value to approximately 25 min but did not alter kinetics of lactose synthesis and secretory release. These data suggest a possible involvement of cell-cell junctional contacts in intracellular transport of lactose.View full abstractDownload PDF (4558K) -
Akihiro KUROSHIMA, Katsuhiko DOI, Tomie OHNO1979 Volume 29 Issue 6 Pages 661-668
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn an attempt to understand a role of glucagon in seasonal acclimatization in men, measurements of plasma glucagon, blood free fatty acids (FFA), blood glucose, blood ketone body (β-hydroxybutyrate) and hematocrit were made in 13 male and 8 female college staff members, aged 20 to 42, once a month for one year. Blood samples were obtained at 4: 00 to 5: 00 p.m, between meals. Average monthly temperatures during the study were as follows; Jan.-7.8, Feb.-5.6, March-3.7, Apr. 4.6, May 11.4, June 18.3, July 23.9, Aug. 22.0, Sept. 14.7, Oct. 7.5, Nov. 1.4, Dec.-4.2 (°C). Plasma glucagon, blood FFA and blood ketone body exhibited significant monthly variation in both sexes. Plasma glucagon as well as blood FFA level was significantly higher in winter (Dec., Jan., Feb.) than in summer (June, July, Aug), whereas blood ketone body level was lower in winter than in summer. Plasma glucagon level was significantly lower in female than in male subjects. A significant positive correlation was observed between plasma glucagon and blood FFA levels throughout the year. Seasonal variations of blood glucose and hematocrit were not observed. These results suggest that seasonal variation in glucagon secfetion. is associated with seasonal changes in ambient temperatures as one of the strategies for climatic acclimatization through regulation of lipid metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (757K) -
Fumio KUKITA, Shunichi YAMAGISHI1979 Volume 29 Issue 6 Pages 669-681
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExcitability of intracellularly perfused squid giant axons was maintained in hypotonic solutions (down to 300 mOSM) and in hypertonic solutions (up to about 10 OSM), when osmolalities of internal and external solutions were adjusted to be equal with glycerol, glucose, or sucrose. Molar concentrations of ions were kept constant during one series of experiments. The resting potential and the amplitude of the action potential did not change in both hypotonic and hypertonic solutions. With reduction of osmolality, the duration of action potential decreased and the maximum rate of rise and conduction velocity increased. By raising osmolality, the duration was prolonged and the maximum rate of rise and the conduction velocity decreased. Effects of osmolality change were almost reversible. However, these effects were not directly related to the osmolality change but seemed to be related to the viscosity change of the solutions.
When the osmolality of external solution was raised with NaCl (up to 2.6 M NaCl), the overshoot increased in proportion to the logarithm of the NaCl concentration. The slope of increase was about 50 mV/decade. However, the resting potential showed little change. With increase of the NaCl concentration, the duration of the action potential increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (1277K) -
Akihiro KUROSHIMA, Takehiro YAHATA1979 Volume 29 Issue 6 Pages 683-690
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeat production of isolated brown-fat cells by addition of noradrenaline adrenaline and glucagon was measured in warm-acclimated control, coldacclimated and heat-acclimated rats by use of a twin-type conduction microcalorimeter. Noradrenaline and glucagon induced maximum heat production per 106 cells in dose of 1 μg/ml. Heat produced by maximum thermogenic response to glucagon was twice as much as that to noradrenaline. Thermogenic response to noradrenaline was markedly increased in cold-acclimated brown adipocytes, while it was reduced in heatacclimated ones. Thermogenic response to glucagon was significantly reduced in heat-acclimated brown adipocytes, while it was not affected in cold-acclimated brown adipocytes.View full abstractDownload PDF (925K) -
Koheisho YASUNAGA, Shoichiro NOSAKA1979 Volume 29 Issue 6 Pages 691-705
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnatomical pathways and natures of reflex as well as spontaneous activities of cardiac sympathetic nerves (CNs) were investigated in rats.
2. Anatomically, the stellate CNs on both sides provide a major sympathetic supply to the rat heart with additional contribution of the thoracic CNs on the left side.
3. Functions of these CNs were studied in chloralose-urethane anesthetized and artificially ventilated rats. Electrical stimulation of these CNs produced an increase in heart rate and a rise in blood pressure. The increase in heart rate was more potent on the right-side stimulation, while the rise in blood pressure was greater on the left-side stimulation.
4. Stimulation of the aortic depressor nerve (ADN) inhibited spontaneous discharges of the CN for a longer period as compared with those of the cervical postganglionic sympathetic nerve (CSN). On the other hand, stimulation of the sural nerve produced a longer lasting reflex increase in discharges of the CN as compared with that of the CSN. These findings suggest that cardioregulatory sympathetic outflow is more affected by visceral and somatosensory input than is the other sympathetic outflows.
5. Spontaneous discharges of both nerves showed a rhythmicity associated with heart beats. Although the magnitude of this rhythmicity was not clearly different between these two nerves, the time from bottom to peak firing level of the phasic discharges of the CN was significantly longer than that of the CSN. This finding is consistent with the longer lasting effect of the ADN stimulation on the CN discharges.View full abstractDownload PDF (1709K) -
Takeshi SHIGA, Nobuji MAEDA, Takeo SUDA, Kazunori KON, MISUZU SEKIYA, ...1979 Volume 29 Issue 6 Pages 707-722
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA kinetic measurement of the red cell deformability is developed, modifying the micropipette aspiration technique of BRAASCH (1971). The sedimented human red cells on a slide-glass are individually aspirated into a micropipette by negative pressure (ΔP), and the decreasing “velocity (v)” of the applied electric current, due to the aspirating cell, is taken as a measure of the “easiness” of the cell to enter into the small orifice of the micropipette (inner diameter, 2R≈3μm). An empirical relation, v∝(πR2)·(ΔP)·(“deformability”), is obtained.
In order to test the validity of the method, some factors influencing the deformability are studied: i. e., the “velocity” decreases as lowering temperature; the “velocity” of the glutaraldehyde-pretreated cells and of both in vivo and in vitro aged cells decreases. Therefore, the parameter, “velocity (v), ” reflects the deformability well. In addition, if a few assumptions could be allowed, v would be related to the Young's modulus of the membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (1769K) -
Enrique LÓPEZ1979 Volume 29 Issue 6 Pages 723-738
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDenervated frog's semitendinosus muscles were studied. Fibrillation potentials generate propagated spikes which are conducted at a rate similar to that calculated for innervated muscles. The twitch tension per unit area was similar in denervated and innervated single fibres; the average value corresponded with values reported in the literature for fibres stimulated at 125/sec. Manganese ions (1-3 mM), selectively inhibit fibrillation potentials and have no appreciable effect upon evoked spikes. Mn2+ also inhibits (40-50%) the twitch responses and abolishes the resting tension of muscle fibres. The latter effects were observed in denervated as well as in innervated preparations when the fibres studied belonged to fascicles located at the site of entrance of the nerve. Disruption of the transverse tubular system by glycerol treatment does not interfere with the generation of fibrillation potentials, although the effects on twitching are similar to those reported in the literature. A possible mechanism is proposed to explain the generation of fibrillation potentials in frog denervated muscles.View full abstractDownload PDF (2405K) -
Kazushige SASAMOTO1979 Volume 29 Issue 6 Pages 739-747
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRepresentation of the masticatory muscles within the motor trigeminal nucleus was studied in rats by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method and the antidromic field potential method. The motor trigeminal nucleus of the rat could be divided cytoarchitecturally into a dorsolateral and a ventromedial division. Within the dorsolateral division, the temporal muscle was represented dorsomedially, the masseter muscle dorsolaterally and laterally, and the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles ventrolaterally. Within the ventromedial division, the anterior digastric muscle was represented dorsomedially and the mylohyoid muscle ventrolaterally. Distribution of antidromic field potentials evoked by stimulation of the mylohyoid and masseteric nerves coincided with the results from the HRP investigation.View full abstractDownload PDF (3943K) -
Eiichi IWAI, Yasutaka OSAWA, Yoshitomo UMITSU1979 Volume 29 Issue 6 Pages 749-765
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAttempts were made to test the validity of the general view that inferotemporal lesions in monkeys do not result in a visual acuity disorder. It was found in the first experiment that monkeys with total removal of the inferotemporal visual area (TIT monkeys) showed a significant elevation of the discrimination limen for visual patterns of reduced sizes even when compared to monkeys with removal of lateral striate cortex (LS monkeys); yet in a food-morsel (raisin) detection test the TIT monkeys performed as well as normal monkeys, although the LS monkeys showed significant deficits. A second experiment was conducted, in which the same subjects were tested with the same patterns as in the first experiment but with the stimulus background changed from the square used earlier to an enlarged disc. While both normal and LS monkeys performed this task easily, the TIT monkeys could not learn the discrimination within the training limit of 1, 200 trials. The results suggest that such a marked elevation of the discrimination limen in the TIT monkeys as found in the first experiment is not attributable to a visual acuity disorder, but is explained as due to an impairment of the pattern perception mechanism.View full abstractDownload PDF (1873K) -
Toru TAKEUCHI, Kiyoshi MIYAKAWA1979 Volume 29 Issue 6 Pages 767-780
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBehavior of the mesenteric and femoral veins was studied in rabbits during an arterial pressure oscillation elicited by a method that we call the “side pressure exertion experiment.” A segment of the mesenteric or femoral vein with intact innervation was vascularly isolated and was perfused under an isovolumetric condition. The force of the isovolumetric constriction of the segments was recorded in terms of the intrasegmental pressure during arterial pressure oscillation. The intrasegmental pressure of the superior mesenteric vein indicated an alternation of marked rise and fall during the oscillation. On the other hand, the response of the femoral segment during oscillation was less phasic but was better maintained at the higher range of initial pressures than that of the superior mesenteric segment. Simultaneously with the maximum rise of systemic arterial pressure, maximum elevation by 6.1, 6.1 and 6.4 mmHg was obtained in the mesenteric vein segment at initial intrasegmental pressures of 6, 10 and 14 mmHg, respectively. In the same circumstances, the femoral vein segment indicated a maximum rise of 8.1 to 9.3 mmHg at initial pressures of 10, 18, 26 and 34 mmHg. It can be concluded that there are marked differences between the mesenteric and femoral segments in behavior during systemic arterial oscillation and in the range of bearable intrasegmental pressure. The characteristics of the two veins might be related to the difference of specific circumstances in which the respective veins send blood back to the heart.View full abstractDownload PDF (1430K) -
Yoshiyuki HONDA, Namiyo HATA, Yoshikazu SAKAKIBARA, Takashi NISHINO, T ...1979 Volume 29 Issue 6 Pages 781-788
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTen healthy subjects were tested for their peripheral respiratory chemosensitivities by the withdrawal technique two times on separate days. Hypoxic hypercapnia of PET, O2 75, 65 and 55 mmHg with PET, CO2, 5mmHg higher than the control level was replaced by 100% O2 two times with spontaneous respiration. Then, breath-by-breath depression calculated in minute ventilation (ΔV) was observed during the period 5-20 sec after the first O2 inhalation. The results were analyzed by the linear relationship betweenPET, O2 and In ΔV, and Pa O2 and inΔV.ΔV at P02 50 mmHg, ΔV50, was 9.09±6.81 liters/min (mean±SD) in PET, O2-ln ΔVanalysis and 9.22±7.46 liters/min in PaO2-ln ΔV analysis, respectively. The averaged day to day variation of ΔV50 expressed by SE in % was 5.3% in PET, O2-In ΔV analysis and 11.5% in PaO2-1n ΔV analysis, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (882K) -
Yoshimi MIYAMOTO, Kazuyoshi SAITO, Tomohisa MIKAMI1979 Volume 29 Issue 6 Pages 789-803
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe frequency dependence of effective resistance of the respiratory system was studied in seated and supine healthy subjects by use of a forced oscillation technique for the purpose of estimating the distribution of regional ventilation. Effective resistance determined at respective FRC levels of both these body postures fell with an increase in the breathing frequency, although the frequency dependence of resistance ΔR/Δf was more dominant in the supine posture than when seated. The ΔR/Δf increased to an appreciable extent by reducing the lung volume in the seated posture, while in the supine position the value was relatively insensitiveto the volume change. The chest wall vibration measured during the forced oscillation was found to be larger in amplitude in the basilar than in the apical regions, and the regional difference became less dominant by postural change from seated to supine. Transthoracic electrical impedance change measured during voluntary ventilations with different frequencies gave a slight frequency dependence when measured inthe basilar region either in the seated or supine posture. The above results lead to the conclusion that an inhomogeneous distribution of time constants independent of gravity appears between the apex and the base, and the gravity-independent distribution of time constants, either interlobular or intralobular, would be a prime determinant of the frequency-dependent resistance.View full abstractDownload PDF (1664K) -
Tokuo OGAWA, Masami ASAYAMA, Michiko ITO, Katsushi YOSHIDA1979 Volume 29 Issue 6 Pages 805-816
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been demonstrated by Takagi and his colleagues that pressure on a specified area of the body surface causes depression of sweating in a certain body division and changes in the relative sweat rates between body divisions. Furthermore, skin pressure has been assumed to suppress the central thermoregulatory activity, thus bringing about a rise or fall in body temperature in a hot or cool environment, respectively. We examined the effect of skin pressure applied to the bilateral subaxillary regions on body heat balance by means of continuous recordings of evaporative weight loss (total sweat rate), local sweat rates at various areas and rectal and skin temperatures and measurements of metabolic rate. Most experiments were carried out at a room temperature of 36°C with 40%rh and a few were done at 27°C in the absence of thermal sweating. Various strengths of pressure up to 5kg/50cm2 were employed. It was observed that the total sweat rate was either unchanged, decreased or occasionally even increased. There was an apparent tendency that the stronger the pressure was, the more depressed was the total sweating. A weaker pressure, on the other hand, often caused facilitation of total sweating. Changes in rectal and mean body temperatures and in metabolic rate were minimal in the majority of cases, and bore no relationship to the changes in the total sweat rate. These results offer no evidence that skin pressure of up to 5kg/50cm2affects human central thermoregulatory activity but suggest that it may exert a sweat-inhibitory effect, primarily through the interaction of sudomotor impulses somewhere along the efferent pathways, possibly at the spinal segmental level.View full abstractDownload PDF (1291K) -
Akira ARITA, Makoto TAKADA, Hideo HAYASHI1979 Volume 29 Issue 6 Pages 817-821
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn impedance locus consisting of two superimposed semicircular arcs was revealed on the abdominal skin of the bullfrog. The decrease of skin resistance upon epidermal application of Cd (2 mM), which was related to Na active transport, proved to be due solely to the reduction in the size of the high frequency arc.View full abstractDownload PDF (478K)
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