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Volume 15 (1965)
- Issue 6 Pages 553-
- Issue 5 Pages 433-
- Issue 4 Pages 331-
- Issue 3 Pages 211-
- Issue 2 Pages 101-
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Volume 15, Issue 5
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Hiromichi NOMURA, Sanya SAKADA1965 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 433-443
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In order to study the mechanism of the “water response” of frog's tongue, the response of the receptors connected with a large nerve fibre was examined using common Japanese frog.
2. Frog's tongue appeared to contain receptors sensitive to tap water, but the receptors were not observed to respond to distilled water in Ca-free conditions.
3. The threshold concentration of the receptors for calcium ions appeared to be less than 0.05 mM, and the magnitude of the response to tap water was similar to that to the CaCl2 solutions having a similar calcium concentration to tap water.
4. The receptors responded to monovalent cations as well as to divalent cations, but the threshold concentration for monovalent cations was very high, compared with that for calcium ions.
5. The response to calcium ions was inhibited by monovalent cations added to the test solutions. And it was suggested that the inhibitory effect of sodium ions on the response to calcium ions is due to a competitive action of sodium and calcium ions for the receptor site of the cell membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (2666K) -
Nariko TAKANO1965 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 444-454
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe centrifugal ultrafiltration method was proposed as means of estimating the extracellular fluid which is equilibrated with diffusible SCN in plasma. By using this method, diffusible SCN in plasma could be determined under more nearly physiological conditions regarding temperature, pH and concentrations of the sample. Over the SCN concentrations range 5 to 60 mg/dl in plasma, the ratios of the diffusible SCN to the total SCN were 0.798, 0.940 and 0.863 in human, dog and rabbit respectively. These values were considerably variable according to the temperature, pH and albumin content of plasma.
At the same time, the red cells were found to keep 27.9% of the total SCN when SCN was added to rabbit blood. Moreover, it was found by the same ultrafiltration of rabbit red cell hemolysate mixed with SCN that SCN in red blood cells is not entirely dissolved in red cell water but two-fifths of it is the non-diffusible state.View full abstractDownload PDF (894K) -
Takuo OZAWA, Kiyoo KAMIKAWA1965 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 455-462
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen the splanchnic nerve was stimulated once per second a stable action potential was recorded from the vagus nerve in the neck. This response was inhibited at the beginning of urinary bladder distension. Inhibition was not obtained when the lateral column of the lumbar spinal cord was cut bilaterally. Dorsal column section had almost no effect. Pelvic nerve stimulation also inhibited the vagal action potential. A more pronounced inhibitory effect was observed after dorsal column section. Stimulation of a dissected part of the dorsal column caused feeble inhibition associated with rapid adaptation, while stimulation of a dissected part of a dorsolateral column produced depression of the vagal action potential and this effect did not show adaptation.View full abstractDownload PDF (853K) -
Hidenobu MASHIMA, Toshiro YOSHIDA1965 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 463-477
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The relations between the length and the resting tension, contraction tension, potentiated tension and the tension of spontaneous contraction were determined in guinea-pig's taenia coli.
2. The resting tension was measured during relaxation induced by 10-7g/ml adrenaline, and the active tension was measured during contraction developed by optimum a. c. field stimulation.
3. The slightest resting tension was produced at 75% of the in situ length. The elastic modulus was 0.007 kg/mm2 and it was markedly decreased in the procainized preparation.
4. The in situ length was 90% or less of the optimum length, at which the active tension was maximum.
5. The maximum tension potentiated by successive stimuli was attained at 75% of the in situ length.
6. On stretching, the number of muscle cells participating in spontaneous contraction increased.
7. On stretching, the time of spontaneous contraction increased and that of relaxation decreased. Consequently the period of spontaneous contraction did not change at lengths less than 125% of the in situ length, but contraction pattern changed at lengths more than 125% length.View full abstractDownload PDF (1400K) -
Keiichi MIMURA, Kensuke SATO1965 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 478-491
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing unanesthetized rabbits, the ERG (b-wave) and cortical potential evoked by intermittent photic stimulations (0.5-15 f/sec) were recorded simultaneously to obtain the retinal and cortical (visual cortex) frequency response activities.
Despite many variations in each case, the following general tendency was recognized. The maximum amplitude of both the average cortical and retinal responses was elicited by flash stimulation of the lowest frequency (0.5-1 f/sec). Though the amplitude of both average potentials decreased gradually with increasing flash frequencies, the cortical response was enhanced at 3 and 5 f/sec resulting in two humps in the cortical frequency response. They corresponded to the dominant peaks in the frequency spectra of the spontaneous brain wave.
Notwithstanding many variations in the responses in relation to the flash intensity, the stimulus with stronger intensity elicited generally a response of larger amplitude. With increasing flash frequency, the effects of intensity became less in the cortex than in the retina. These results are discussed from the stand point of the EEG “ activity ”(which has been considered to be an extension of “ excitability ”).View full abstractDownload PDF (5633K) -
Hiroshi KITASATO, Taka-aki HATSUDA1965 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 492-504
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Visual evoked potential was obtained by the averaging technique from human occiput. The wave forms had very great individual differences, but it was clear that in the eye-closing state alpha-like waves were observed after the initial response evoked by photic stimulation, while in the eye-opening state such waves were not observed.
2. Even in the averaged EEG without photic stimulation alpha-like waves were observed, especially in the eye-closing state. It could be determined that this was the contamination with alpha waves in original EEG.
3. The amplitude of sine waves summed with random phase differences reached √n fold of original amplitude by increasing the number, n, of times of summation.
4. From the histogram of distribution of frequencies of alpha waves, in the process of summing EEG, the frequencies of ordinary alpha waves were random enough to be treated in the same manner as in the case where sine waves were summed with random phase differences.
5. The degree of the contamination with alpha waves could be determined.
6. The alpha-like waves after the initial response in the averaged response in the eye-closing state were recognized as a real response to photic stimulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (9722K) -
Yoshimi MIYAMOTO, Yoshikazu KAWAKAMI, Masaji MOCHIZUKI1965 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 505-514
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cardiac outputs of several normal men and of patients with cardiopulmonary diseases were measured by a N2O-plethysmograph method. The body plethysmograph used was a horizontal type, which was made air-tight by a water filled joint. The volume of N2O absorbed by the pulmonary cap illaries was determined by a sensitive KROGH's spirometer attached to the plethysmograph. The N2O concentration in the alveoli was determined by a new type of gas analyzer, in which the after glow, of discharged N2O was effectively utilized.
Adopting FICK's principle, reasonable values were calculated in the basal state and following the exercise. The standard deviation of the results was 8%, indicating an excellent reproducibility. The results obtained indicated that the accuracy of the method depended upon the severity of uneven ventilation.View full abstractDownload PDF (4791K) -
Takesi HUKUHARA, Sosogu NAKAYAMA, Hiroyuki FUKUDA1965 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 515-522
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. On the dog small intestine the ganglion cell-containing muscle strip always rhythmically contracted, while the cell-free strip occasionally showed short lasting rhythmical contractions but in most cases remained motionless. And the muscle strip whose nervous elements has been previously destroyed by of the complete anemia method was motionless throughout the experiment lasting for about 3 hours.
2. Physostigmine caused a rise of the intestinal tone superimposed with rhythmic contractions on both the ganglion cell-containing and -free strips, whereas the drug exerted no effect on the strip whose nervous elements were destroyed.
3. The contractions observed in 1) and 2) were completely abolished by atropine. In addition, acetylcholine always exerted an excitatory effect on the motility of all kinds of muscle strips.
4. The evidences were thus obtained that the intramural ganglion cell, not only its cell body but also its axon, might be the site of production of acetylcholine which was responsible for maintaining the intestinal rhythmic contractions. The results thus suggest that the automatic movements of the small intestine may be of a neurogenic origin.View full abstractDownload PDF (720K) -
Toyohiko SATOH, Tokuo OGAWA, Kentaro TAKAGI1965 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 523-531
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mode of sweating during daytime sleep was investigated in association with the pattern of EEG by a polygraphical method.
Sweating on the palm was rarely present throughout the course of the nap.
Sweat rate on the non-palmar skin began to increase during drowsiness and continued to rise in association with deepening of sleep. It reached the maximal level in the deep sleep and remained at a rather stable level as long as the deep sleep persisted. Sweat rate generally changed in parallel with the EEG depth of sleep throughout the course of the nap, with occasional exceptions. A remarkable drop of sweat rate was usually seen in the paradoxical phase of sleep.
Possible central mechanism of sweating during sleep is briefly discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2101K) -
Akio SATO, Nobuko TSUSHIMA, Bunichi FUJIMORI1965 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 532-539
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to analyse the reflex mechanisms of sympathetic nervous activities, reflex potentials were recorded from the lumbar sympathetic trunk of 56 chloralose anesthetized cats with single pulse stimulation of the contralateral sciatic nerve.
1. Two kinds of reflex potentials were identified: the late reflex potential (LRP) with low threshold and long latency (80-120 msec), and the less marked early one (ERP) with higher threshold and shorter latency (25-50 sec).
2. The LRP disappeared whereas the ERP was still observed following spinal transection at the Cl or Th8 level.
3. Following brain stem transection made starting at the upper midbrain level downwards to the lowest level of the pons, the LRP as well as ERP showed no significant reduction of amplitude. However with transections of the medulla oblongata from its highest level to downwards, the LRP decreased gradually in amplitude until it disappeared completely at the lowest level of the medulla oblongata, although the ERP was still observed.
4. Following administration of Nembutal of graded doses, the LRP diminished rapidly and disappeared before the ERP did.
5. No clear cut result about the time of disappearance of the two reflex potentials was obtained in the case of asphyxiation owing to markedly increased random sympathetic discharges following asphyxiation.
6. On the basis of these experimental results, it was suggested that the reflex center of the LRP is located in the medulla oblongata and that of the ERP is in the spinal cord.View full abstractDownload PDF (736K) -
Koroku HASHIMOTO, Seiji KUMAKURA1965 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 540-551
Published: 1965
Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe varieties of drugs were given intraarterially in the coronary, renal, mesenteric and femoral arteries and evaluated comparatively their vascular responses in the different arteries. Papaverine, nitroglycerin, aminophylline, ATP, ADP, UTP, histamine, isoproterenol, bradykinin and kallikrein dilated every artery tested (group a), while ergotamine, vasopressin, angiotensin, methoxamine and UMP constricted these arteries (group f). Norepinephrine, epinephrine, ephedrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (group e) constricted also these arteries except the coronary artery (dilatation). In reference to the literature these biogen amines should be assembled in group f. AMP, adenosine, DPN, UDP and dipyridamol constricted the renal artery but dilated the other arteries (group b). Nicotine, lobeline, DMPP and benzylimidazoline constricted the renal and mesenteric arteries but dilated the coronary and femoral arteries (group c). Procaine and TEA constricted the coronary and renal arteries but dilated the mesenteric and femoral arteries (group d). The authors present the working hypothesis of the metabolic balance of adenine and uridine nucleotides playing a role for determination of myogenic tone of vascular smooth muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (1043K)
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