1. Introduction
The Meeting on Development of International Standard Acupuncture Point Locations hosted by WHO/WPRO was held between Oct. 31 th and Nov. 2 nd in 2006 at the International Congress Center in Tsukuba City, Japan. The delegates came from nine countries, e.g. Australia, China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Singapore, UK, USA, Vietnam, and two organizations, e.g. WFAS (World Federation of Acupuncture Societies), AAOM (American Association of Oriental Medicine). The total number of delegates was twenty. The draft of Standard Acupuncture Point Locations, which had been discussed between three countries, Japan, China and Korea during the previous three years, was officially decided.
2. Agreement for Acupuncture Point Locations
Three hundred and sixty one Acupuncture Point Locations were decided at the meeting, the number is 7 more than the number that has been taught so far in the educational field of Japanese acupuncture. The points which differ from the current Japanese text book are 7. These points had been considered “extra points” located along meridians as well as points requiring special attention. 6 points had been the subject of debate, and as a result two locations for each point have been decided. These are LI 19, LI 20, CV 24, PC 8, PC 9, and GB 31.
3. Future Plan of WPRO
We attempted to standardize the Acupuncture Point Locations at the official meeting in Tsukuba. Moreover WHO/WPRO intends to standardize (1) Oriental Medical Terminology, (2) Oriental Medical Information, (3) Guidelines for research of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, and general thoughts, points of view, and an outline of Oriental Medicine. Then WHO hopes to encourage application of these standards to research and practice of Oriental Medicine.
4. The themes after deciding the Acupuncture Point Locations
Subjects for further discussion include: (1) Research on acupuncture point locations, (2). Encouraging the use of Standardized locations, (3). Clarifying “Japanese Acupuncture” and its supporting its use all over the world, etc.

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The very first session of the symposium on ‘cancer and acupuncture’ was held at the 53^rd Annual Conference of the Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (JSAM). It suggested the efficacy and potential of acupuncture and moxibustion not only for cancer but also for cancer patients. This is the second session for further discussion. In recent years, acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for cancer patients has come to the world's attention, and many reports about its expediency and beneficial effect have been conducted in Japan and in the world. However, the adaptation range of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for cancer is still limited because there is not enough evidence, so compilations of more sufficient case reports or research for presentation and effects in preventing relapse of cancer are required to prove its reliability. Acupuncture and moxibustion are used as one of the medical treatments directed at relieving symptoms and life-sustaining treatment in hospitals today. Earlier, frequent acupuncture treatment led to significant efficacy for cancer patients, and it is also reported that the number of lymphocytes increases in sequential acupuncture treatment but the number tends to return in a short time after cessation of treatment. Sequential autonomic immune therapy over a long term revealed several significant effects as follows; lymphocyte activation while the lymphocyte count remained, increase of cytokine (IL 12, IFNγ, TNFα, etc.) production and Th 1, Th 1/Th 2, immunostimulatory activity effect, reduction of tumor markers down to or close to normal, reduction or resolve of malignant neoplasm and recurrence prevention for unoperated cancer patients, QOL improvement with symptoms relief and life prolongation. In this seminar, it suggested that acupuncture and moxibustion are potential and appropriate treatments for cancer and further research in this field is required.

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The history of strength training might date back to the beginning of mankind. Needless to say, this does not go beyond the level of imagination.
The main theory of strength training, which is known today as progressive overload, was initially founded by Milo of Crotona who in the 6 th century B.C. carried a bull to strengthen his body. As the weight of the bull increased, muscle strength increased as well, which is similar to resistance training as seen in weights and various weight machines used today. The dumbbell was used from the 3 rd century, where light barbells became common in training from the 17 th century but heavy weights were not used until the 19 th century.
Scientific research on strength training began in 1950 with an American researcher, Peter Karpovich, which is still used to this day.

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Patients with cancer cachexia often suffer from psychiatric disorders, severe nausea and vomiting. In the present study, we investigated the changes in monoaminergic activities in the brain in tumor-bearing mice (cachectic clone 20). The dopamine turnover rate in clone-20 mice was decreased markedly, and in contrast, the serotonin and histamine turnover rates were significantly increased. It is concluded that some of the psychiatric disorders in cachectic patients might be ascribable to changes in monoaminergic activities in the brain. The serotonin content of the small intestine in clone-20 mice increased significantly; this was associated with an increase in tryptophan hydroxylase activity. In addition, the increase in histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity in the spleen occurred in clone 20 mice, and this histamine metabolism might modify the immune status in cancer-burden patients. Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were significantly elevated in clone 20 mice, and these increased inflammatory cytokines might be partly responsible for the changes of monoamine turnover in the brain, in the gut and in the spleen.

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[Aim] Diffuse pan-bronchiolitis (DPB) causes severe respiratory dysfunction and severely limits a patient's daily activities. Case: This paper reports a case of a DPB patient whose respiratory symptoms were successfully improved by acupuncture. In a case report in January 2002, a 62-year-old male visited the Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine at Gifu University Hospital, complaining of cough, pumlent sputum and dyspnea on exercise. His general condition had worsened despite ordinary medical treatment. Thus acupuncture was added to the treatment in August, 2001. Intervention: The patient received acupuncture treatments once a week for 50 weeks. The acupuncture treatment was based on the Chinese medicine theory. Measurements: Outcome measures were respiratory symptoms using the Fletcher-Hugh-Jones (F-H-J) classification, 6-minute walking distance (6 MWD), blood test, arterial blood gas and pulmonary function tests. Computed tomography (CT) was assessed. Each evaluation was done after 15 weeks and 50 weeks later.
[Results] After 15 weeks of acupuncture treatment, cough, pumlent sputum, walking distance, the Borg scale and respiratory function were significantly improved compared with the baseline. Moreover, the effect of the acupuncture treatment continued for 50 weeks.
[Conclusion] This suggests that acupuncture treatment was effective in treating the advanced case of DPB.

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It is said that space is a treasury for creating human life forever. The regimen conception of Tao Hong-Jing, a Chinese physician, searched a training way to unify space and human life. As a result, he thought of “Preserving the one” by cun-si unified space and human life. This idea was kept in one technique to experience the “theory of the mutual interaction of Heaven and man” in today's oriental medicine. Tao Hong-Jing sought to identify, in other words, the “perfection”, of space and human life. The “perfection” becomes the most important theme in a lot of fields such as oriental culture and science.

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[Purpose] To evaluate the state of moxibustion therapy education.
[Methods] Investigation with a questionnaire at 66 vocational colleges of acupuncture and moxibustion in Japan based on the list issued by the Foundation for the Training and Licensure Examination in Anma-Massage-Shiatsu, Acupuncture and Moxibustion in April 2004.
[Results] The rate of valid responses was 62.1% (41/66). Basic practical moxibustion skills are taught in the first year of the three year program. For this class, 36.6% (15/66) of colleges gave students two credits. Most colleges devote more class time to direct moxibustion compared to indirect moxibustion. Students must learn to prepare a small, perfect shape, smaller than a grain of rice. The direct moxa cones are typically burned only 70∼80% to reduce the chance of burns.
More than 80% of colleges responded that moxibustion therapy was very available. The biggest problem is afflicting burns. Although more than 90% of colleges teach direct moxibustion with one's fellow students, the problem of burns remains. Colleges in eastern Japan tend to teach lower temperature moxa stimulation than western ones.
[Conclusion] The state of Japanese moxibustion education in vocational colleges of acupuncture and moxibustion is clear. In the future it is important that we consider new methods of moxibustion therapy based on safety and patient comfort, while maintaining traditional Japanese methods. Further it is necessary to investigate the state of Japanese moxibustion therapy at the clinical bed side.

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Situation of acupuncture is different in different countries. Although acupuncture is originated in China, it has been independently developed in Korea and Japan for more than 1500 years, and recently the effects of acupuncture have been recognized in western countries including Europe, and getting more popular there. Actually, many students from European countries are studying acupuncture in many universities in China. In this report, I would like to introduce briefly how foreign students are studying and practicing acupuncture in our university, and how it is different from the situation in Japan.

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