This paper deals with the development of these two models in crime prevention in Europe and the United States. After the rehabilitation model for treatment of offenders declined, criminologists and policymakers had to seek for the alternative to this model because the crime conditions were still worse. Then, 'situational model' was gradually appearing which concentrates on the strategy to prevent crime before it occurs. Especially in Britain, this sort of crime prevention is getting the main stream inside the departments concerned of the central government. However, we have some papers which preferably assess the crime prevention measures based on the 'social mode1,' or on the new model, namely the 'community model.' In many cities in Europe and the US, petty crimes such as car theft, burglary, or vandalism have embarrassed the policymakers in charge of crime prevention. That is the reason why the situational model is so popular among them in these areas. Situational crime prevention which blocks crime by manupulating the physical environment is based on the theory of opportunity reduction or rational choice, but has by nature a fundamental problem of displacement. Besides, some critics argue that this model would not be suitable for preventing all sorts of crimes, in particular violent crime. Therefore we still need the social model based on the socialization of children or the close relationship between family members or neighbours for crime prevention, and the community model which is a mixture of these models. Which model we should choose in our own society depends on its own crime situation. However, the author thinks the situational model would be attached to a dark and negative image because it appears to show indifference to reforming the personality of potential offenders and accordingly to regard them as enemies. So, although its effect are comparatively intangible, we have to promote social crime prevention partly accomanied with the situational model and the community model suitable for some particular fields.
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