Journal of the Japan Society of Engineering Geology

General Article

Engineering Geology for the Maintenance Management of Infrastructure

Hideki INAGAKI

Article type: General Article
2014 Volume 54 Issue 6 Pages 229-235
Published: February 10, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 16, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5110/jjseg.54.229

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The author explains the recent situation and the future subject of infrastructure maintenance management required of engineering geology. The objects of maintenance management are as follows, river levee, port and airport facility, filling and cutting, foundation structures, tunnel, cave structures, burial structures, and ruins, which are closely connected with geology.
The research and development of investigation method for maintenance management are becoming still more important.
For the purpose, the suitable and low cost investigation method which finds out degradation and abnormalities of infrastructure is needed.The role of the engineering geologist who achieves to the maintenance management of infrastructure is large.

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Roles of Applied Geology in the Maintenance of Civil Engineering Structures

Yasuhiko WAKIZAKA

Article type: General Article
2014 Volume 54 Issue 6 Pages 236-250
Published: February 10, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 16, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5110/jjseg.54.236

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As the quantity of social infrastructure stock has increased, civil engineering structures that were constructed long ago have started to deteriorate, causing serious social problems. The lifespan of civil engineering structures needs to be extended by prevention of deterioration and maintenance. Applied geology has the following roles to play in this regard : understanding the characteristics of foundation rocks of both newly constructed and existing civil engineering structures, investigating the deterioration of rock materials and structures, understanding the deterioration of civil engineering structures and investigating the reinforcement of structures.

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Basic Ideas on Countermeasures of Mountain Tunnel Deformation due to Earth Pressure

Yoshiyuki KOJIMA, Takehiro OHTA

Article type: General Article
2014 Volume 54 Issue 6 Pages 251-263
Published: February 10, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 16, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5110/jjseg.54.251

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It is important to establish a planning and design method of countermeasures for existing mountain tunnels in service deformed by earth pressure, in order to perform maintenance management of tunnels pertinently.
This paper discusses basic ideas on countermeasures for the mountain tunnels deformed by plastic earth pressure and loosening vertical earth pressure as follows ; 1) case studies on railway tunnel deformation due to plastic earth pressure and loosening vertical earth pressure ; 2) evaluation of deformation behavior of the various tunnel lining structures by two kinds of tunnel loading experiments ; 3) development of a numerical prediction method of tunnel deformation using a time-dependent ground strength reduction method ; 4) recommendation of necessity to examine tunnel deformation mechanism from an engineering geological view.

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Original Article

Application of Three-dimensional Photogrammetry to Slope Monitoring

Teruyuki KIKUCHI, Teruyoshi HATANO, Satoshi NISHIYAMA

Article type: Original Article
2014 Volume 54 Issue 6 Pages 264-271
Published: February 10, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 16, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5110/jjseg.54.264

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This paper deals with the development of a three-dimensional slope behavior monitoring method using digital photogrammetry with only simple measurement work. We report its feasibility based on the results of experimental application of the proposed system to actual slope monitoring. In the paper, an appropriate measurement system for slope behavior monitoring was established by applying the following two techniques to the existing photogrammetric technique : one technique for simply obtaining the two-dimensional distribution of displacements with accuracy of 5mm without having to set fiducial points on the slope; and the other technique for obtaining the three-dimensional distribution of coordinate values of measurement points from the geometric constraint conditions of the geodetic network. This paper presents the theoretical development of this new measurement system and actual extensive slope measurement results. The theoretical development shows that slope behavior can be identified through simple measurements. The measurement results demonstrate that the measurements conducted by the proposed system are consistent with the measurement results using conventional extensometers and survey instruments.

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Determining Long-term Sediment Yield from Mountainous Watersheds by Terrestrial Cosmogenic Nuclides

Yuki MATSUSHI, Hiroyuki MATSUZAKI, Masahiro CHIGIRA

Article type: Original Article
2014 Volume 54 Issue 6 Pages 272-280
Published: February 10, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 16, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5110/jjseg.54.272

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This paper introduces basic principles for use of terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides in quartz, and demonstrates applications for determining watershed denudation in a granitic region in the Northern Japanese Alps. Samples of fluvial sediment were collected at outlets of 15 watersheds in the Ashima and Takase Rivers for accelerator mass spectrometry of ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al. Denudation rate of the watersheds ranges from 2 ×10² to 7 ×10³mm kyr^－1,which increases with increasing mean basin slope until 40° but declines for steepest watersheds with > 40° mean slope. This may indicate transition of hillslope denudation regimes from transport-limited to detachment- and/or weathering-limited conditions. The rate of sediment yield deduced from cosmogenic nuclides provides a clue to understand sediment dynamics in a long timescale and to assess mountain hazard in active orogens.

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Report

Features of Recent Slope Disasters on National Roads Revealed by Analysis of Slope Disaster Cases and Notice Points Concerning Road Slope Management

Ken-ichi ASAI, Hiroyuki HAYASHI, Koji MIYAMOTO, Yasuhito SASAKI

Article type: Report
2014 Volume 54 Issue 6 Pages 281-298
Published: February 10, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: April 16, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5110/jjseg.54.281

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73 slope disaster cases on national roads occurred between 2008FY and 2010FY were analyzed to reveal features of recent slope disasters and notice points for disaster prevention. These disaster cases contain both disasters occurred by heavy rainfall and disasters under the condition of small rainfall. It needs detail analysis of pattern and cause of each disaster for suitable countermeasures. Patterns of disasters revealed by analysis, for example, are as follows: collapse or deformation at the sites where deformation or past disasters have been recorded, collapse or deformation of cut slope consisted of soft earth (highly weathered earth, earth of recent geological age, etc.), collapse or debris flow at small valleys, and collapse at the sites where surface water concentrates by road or channel, etc. Based on these disaster cases, we summarized notice points for slope disaster prevention on roads.

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