This paper examines a post-Kyoto regime against global warming. Global emission pathway, so called Z650, is determined based on the new progress of climate science. Focusing on the energy related CO₂ emissions that accounts for most of the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, global optimization scenarios are analyzed through numerical experiments based on an energy model. The results suggest a sustainable long-term energy vision based on existing and predictable technologies, through which Z650 is achievable. Cost-benefit analyses of global and regional energy system indicate the economic rationality of the global optimization scenario. Compared with the reference case, the additional investments in Z650 could be covered by the fuel savings during the following 40 years (2010-50) both globally and regionally. Regional emissions resulted from global optimization show equitability between industrialized and developing countries. Both emissions per capita and emissions per unit GDP converge towards the end of the century. Deployment of low carbon technologies plays an essential role in the global optimization scenario. Therefore, a technology oriented international cooperation mechanism is necessary for the practical approach to the global vision.

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