The effect of music therapy was investigated in an 87-year-old woman with bronchiectasis and pneumonia in the left lower lobes in addition to dementia. Her lungs recovered under treatment with antibiotics including sulbactam sodium/ampicillin sodium and ceftazidime. Music therapy was introduced upon initiation of rehabilitation and administration of rivastigmine. The music selected was that she had enjoyed when in her youth, in the 1970s. Electroencephalograms (EEGs) were obtained at least twice each when the music was on and when it was off, each period lasting approximately 3 min. After obtaining each EEG, the patient was asked whether the music was familiar to her, and the neurosurgeon as to what degree of change was observed on the EEG. The neurosurgeon reported that the amplitudes of the α waves increased when she was listening to familiar music. After the patient’s oral antibiotics were changed, rehabilitation and music therapy were continued for a further 3 months. She was discharged in good health.

　Background/Aims: Recent studies have investigated the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and arteriosclerosis. This study investigated potential correlations between BMD and aortic calcification or arterial stiffness (the Ca triangle). The correlation of each of these three factors with age or atherosclerotic risk factors (ARFs) was also investigated.

　Methods: The study participants comprised 69 men and 64 women. All had undergone measurement of BMD and computed tomography (CT) to determine their aortic calcification (Ca) score. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) value was also obtained. First, correlations among these three factors were investigated. Next, the correlation of each of these factors with age or ARFs, including height, weight, blood pressure, number of atherosclerotic diseases (RF score), and rate of metabolic syndrome (MS score), was investigated.

　Results: Bone mineral density correlated significantly with the Ca score or CAVI value in women, but not in men. In women, BMD, the Ca score, or the CAVI value in both men and women showed a strong correlation with age. No correlation was observed between BMD and ARFs in either sex. The Ca score correlated significantly with the RF or MS score in men, but only with the RF score in women. The CAVI value correlated significantly with blood pressure or the RF score in men. No correlation was observed between the CAVI value and ARFs in women, however.

　Conclusion: BMD, Ca score, and the CAVI value interacted differently between men and women. Differences in the correlations of these factors with sex, age, or ARFs may explain the differences in the Ca triangle between men and women.

　Background: Management of hypertension is essential when asymptomatic brain infarction is detected; little is known, however, about the management status of each risk factor for this condition and its association with cerebral ischemic lesions in individuals who have undergone an occupational health checkup.

　Purpose: This study investigated the control status of risk factors, especially as those determined by head MRI, chest CT, or carotid ultrasound data, and their effects on cerebrovascular lesions in occupational health checkup participants.

　Methods: A total of 103 individuals (56.8 ± 4.7 years old; 93 men, 10 women) aged 40 years or older who had undergone head MRI, chest CT, and carotid ultrasound during an occupational health checkup were included in the study. The association between ischemic lesions detected in the deep white matter and around the lateral ventricles on head MRI and test results for risk factors and treatment-related differences with each factor was statistically analyzed.

　Results: Metabolic syndrome, lateral periventricular ischemic lesions, and deep brain white matter ischemic lesions were found in 11.7％, 44.3％, and 44.7％ of patients, respectively. Multiple regression analyses using cerebral ischemic lesion type and the actual value for each risk as explanatory factors and age and sex for moderation showed that total cholesterol (P＝0.02) and LDL (P＝0.048) were independent factors for deep brain white matter ischemic lesions, and that triglyceride level (P＝0.02) was an independent factor for lateral periventricular ischemic lesions. A comparison with clinical attributes between the treated and untreated participants showed that the treatment group had a significantly higher HbA1c (P＝0.03) and tended to have more severe calcification of the thoracic blood vessels, although the difference was not statistically significant.

　Conclusions: General management of overall lifestyle-related diseases, including lipid control, is crucial when cerebral ischemic lesions are detected in occupational health checkup participants.