In order to make clarify the influence of solubilized water on the morphology, crystalline forms and dispersability of colloidal particles in reversed micellar systems, the solubilized states of water in ionic and nonionic reversed micellar solutions were examined as a function of Rw (= [H₂O] / [surfactant]) by various spectroscopic techniques. As a result, two or three typed water were found to exist in varying proportions in the interior of these reversed micelles, i.e., water bound to the polar groups of surfactants, water bound to the hydrated polar groups, or bulk-like water. The micellar phase diagrams which related with these states of water allowed us to calculate the minimum Rw required for the formation of reversed and swollen micelles or W/O microemulsions, and other parameters. Then the synthesis and dispersability of colloidal particles in these micelles containing each typed water were studied. As a result, the size and morphology of GeO₂ particles, prepared by hydrolysis of Ge (OC₂H₅) ₄ in Aerosol OT solutions, and the crystalline forms of CaCO₃ particles, prepared by bubbling CO₂ into solubilized aq. Ca (OH) ₂ solutions in nonionic surfactant solutions were found to be controlled by each state of water in the interior of reversed micelles. The control by the solubilized states of water was also observed for the dispersability of TiO₂ particles in Aerosol OT and nonionic reversed micellar systems.

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Effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) -containing phospholipids (DHA-PLs) on retionic acid (RA) -induced cell differentiation and growth inhibition of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60 were investigated. Cell differentiation judged from NBT reduction assay reached to 5060% by incubation with 12.5μM DHA-containing phosphatidylcholines (DHA-PCs) prior to the addition of RA. Differentiation without DHA-PCs remained at 39.2%. By prior incubation with DHA-containing phosphatidylethanolamines (DHA-PEs), differentiation was 70% at 12.5μM. DHA-PEs induced NBT reducing activity to as much as 2030%, and inhibited cell growth in the absence of RA. Activity for promoting cell differentiation differed according to DHA-PL molecular species. 1-Palmitoyl (or oleoyl)- 2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (or phosphoethanolamine) was found most effective molecular species for enhancing RA-induced cell differentiation.

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Regiospecific analysis of triacylglycerols was carried out using immobilized lipase (from Rhizopus delemar). Interesterification (acidolysis) of triacylglycerol and fatty acid sample was conducted with immobilized 1, 3-positional specific lipase in n-hexane. The fatty acid was arranged not to contain the sample triacylglycerol. Triacylglycerol whose acyl groups at sn-1, 3 positions were exchanged with non-constitutional fatty acids was obtained. The reactants was analyzed by gasliquid chromatography without derivatization, and acyl composition at the sn-2 position of sample triacylglycerol was determined. Transfer of the acyl group from sn-2 to sn-1, 3 position could be controled to less than 0.3% by keeping water content low in the reaction system. The results obtained by the present method agreed well with those by pertial hydrolysis.

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New separation technique of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was developed by using a strong interaction between olefinic double bonds and silver ions. DHA ethyl ester (DHAE) in mixture of fatty acid ethyl esters prepared from fish oil could be efficiently separated with high purity (>99%) by silver-loaded spherical clay [SC (Ag)] used as a chromatographic stationary phase of a supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). Pilot-scale preparation of highpurity DHA-E was evaluated by using a pilot-scale SFC under the preparation condition which was obtained by using a lab. -scale SFC. The recovery of high-purity DHA-E (>99%) was 65%.

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Four silane coupling agents, (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-polyfluoroalkyl) triethoxysilanes [(1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-henicosafluorododecyl) triethoxysilane, C₁₀F₂₁C₂H₄Si (OCH₂CH₃) ₃, (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-heptadecafluorodecyl) triethoxysilane, C₈F₁₇C₂H₄Si (OCH₂CH₃) ₃, (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-tridecafluorooctyl) triethoxysilane, C₆F₁₃C₂H₄Si (OCH₂CH₃) ₃, and (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-nonafluorohexyl) triethoxysilane, C₄F₉C₂H₄Si (OCH₂CH₃) ₃], were prepared by the hydrosilylation of trichlorosilane with the corresponding 1H, 1H, 2H-polyfluoro-1-alkene in the presence of hydrogen hexachloro-platinate (IV), followed by reaction with sodium ethoxide in ethanol. The surface modification of glass was carried out using these agents. The measurements of the contact angles θ (°) of water and oleic acid on a modified glass surface indicated the coupling agents to have high capacity for modification. By modification, glass surfaces with high oxidation resistance were obtained. These capacity was compared with methoxy-type silane coupling agents containing fluorocarbon chain.

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Four polyacetylenes including the Z and E isomers of dehydromatricaria lactones were isolated from Solidago altissima L. and characterized. The polyacetylenes could be easily detected as yellowish brown spots on TLC plate following irradiation with blue black light during two to three minutes. The Z and E isomers of dehydromatricaria lactones were easily differentiated based on differences in melting points and chemical shifts of ¹H-and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. This study presents the first isolation of (E) -dehydromatricaria lactone from Solidago altissima L. in nature.

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Determination was made of the compositions of phytosterols in Robinia pseudo-acacia L. pollen. The n-hexane-soluble fraction obtained from the methanol extract of the pollen was saponified and the unsaponifiable lipid was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography to afford phytosterols. These were derivatized as trimethylsilyl ether and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The major sterols were 24-methylenecholesterol, 24-methyldesmosterol, isofucosterol and sitosterol and minor sterols cholesterol, campesterol and 23-dehydrositosterol. The structural relationships between phytosterols and brassinosteroids are discussed.

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The lipids profile of Chlorella vulgaris grown on an organic medium and inorganic medium were examined.
1) The neutral lipid on the organic medium was 2.8 g/100 g and inorganic medium was 1.88 g/100 g of the total dry weight, which composed of 80% waxesters and 20% triacylglycerols on both medium.
2) The phospholipid on the organic medium was 8.6 g/100 g and on the inorganic medium was 6.2 g/100 g of the total dry weight, those composition (PG, PC, PE, PI) on the both medium were similar but those distribution of the fatty acid were different.
3) The glycolipid were contained on the both medium about 5.7 g/100 g of the total dry weight, those composition (MGDG, DGDG, SQDG) and fatty acid composition of each glycolipid on the both medium were different.
4) Both hexadecatetraenoic acid (C_{16 : 4}) and octadecatetraenoic acid (C_{18 : 4}) were observed in the glycolipid and phospholipids except PG which was absent, while triacylglycerols were not present.
5) Trans-hexadecenoic acid was present only in the PG, which contained 1.6% on organic medium and 2.3% on inorganic medium.

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Examination was made of aldol condensations of (+) -citronellal (1), trans-citral (2), cis-citral (3), (+) -perillaldehyde (4), α-campholenic aldehyde (5) and (+) -myrtenal (6) with acetone by synthetic zeolite catalysts and the following results were obtained. With 2020 AH, HSZ-320CAA or HSZ-820NAA zeolites, (7) (12) were obtained from (1) (6) as the principal products, respectively and evaluated for odor; the odor emitted by 8 indicated potential application as flavor constituents.

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New fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomeric silane coupling agents were prepared by reactions of fluoroalkanoyl peroxides with trimethylvinylsilane, trimethoxyvinylsilane and acrylic acid. Fluoroalkylated co-oligomers thus obtained were found to be soluble not only in water but common organic solvents as well. The co-oligomers had a good hydrophilicity with a strong oleophobicity above the surface. They were also noted to possess a potent and selective anti-HIV-1 activity even under crosslinked conditions.

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