This study aimed to clarify the thinking of Takaya Eguchi—the architect of modern dance theory in Japan—regarding post-modern-dance, that emerged from the 1950s to the 1970s, re-examining Eguchi’s dance view from a post-modern-dance perspective.

As for the research method, I examined Takaya Eguchi’s books, writing materials, criticisms of Eguchi’s works, and previous research, and interviewed his disciples, postmodern dancers, and dance critics.

The results of the study identified the following four points: (1) Eguchi expressed his understanding of the post-modern dance of Cunningham and Cage in that they danced with their trained bodies, but he had difficulty accepting the fact that there was a strong element of improvisation and that the composition was not elaborated. (2) Against dance with the characteristics of postmodern dance represented by the members of the Judson Church, Eguchi took a critical view because of dance forms ignoring the fundamental axioms of dance works, regarding them as lacking expression, and movement along dance themes, and dance training, as well as being “dance without dancing”; (3) Rather than meta-level projects that questioned the very nature of dance works, overturning his modern dance theory as postmodern dance did, the dance that Eguchi aspired to from the 1950s to the 1970s was dance at an objective level, creating and pursuing new movement and expression strictly within the category of “dance works”; and (4) It is possible to surmise that the emergence of post-modern-dance made Eguchi even more firmly aware of the dance view to which he himself aspired—that is to say, modern dance—while innovative is a dance form that refines unique movement and composition based on dance’s aesthetic principles in order to express a theme through dancing performed by well-trained bodies.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the actual situation of burnout for teachers who are advisors for extracurricular sports activities. We compared the degree of burnout that an athletic club activity advisor might experience by looking at the teachers’ personal identity type and in addition, we also considered the impact of the athletic club activity advisor’s identity on burnout.

The participants were 328 junior high school teachers (male:225, female:103, age: M=38.08, SD=11.62). As a result of this study, it was clarified that the teachers who were advisors for extracurricular sports activities had a higher burnout score than the average value. As a result of the t-test, it was clarified that the burnout score of women was higher than that of men, and that the burnout score of health and physical education teachers was lower. Multiple regression analysis revealed that both teacher and coach identities were related to burnout. This study showed the possibility of preventing a tendency for burnout by forming a teacher identity and a coach identity.

The purpose of this study is to verify the effectiveness of using Information and Communications Technology (ICT) to deepen the understanding of traditional Japanese culture by having overseas residents watch demonstration videos of martial arts and traditional performing arts and comparing the changes in their image of Japan and the Japanese people before and after watching the video. A web-based questionnaire survey was sent to 497 non-Japanese people living overseas. Of the 472 people who responded, 392 surveys were analyzed, excluding those with incomplete or missing answers. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, the following factors were extracted: “fun and exhilaration”, “strength”, “traditional culture”, and “pain and danger”. As a result of comparing the image of traditional martial arts before and after watching the video, the score of “exhilarating entertainment” after watching the video was significantly higher (p<0.001) than before watching the video. Therefore, the “spirit of Budo” can be taught to people living abroad through ICT. In addition, after watching the video, the “flexing strength” score was significantly higher than before watching the video (p<0.001). In other words, people living abroad have a very severe image of the sensei of traditional Japanese martial arts, and the video was able to express the intensity and strength of martial arts as an interpersonal competition. The “traditional culture” score was also significantly higher after watching the video than before (p<0.001), indicating that the unique Japanese clothing, etiquette, and attitude had a significant impact. There was no significant difference in the “risk of distress” scores before and after viewing. From the above results, it was also suggested that when about traditional culture internationally using ICT, it is important that the transmitters (the Japanese people) have a correct understanding of their own culture.

The 3x3 basketball game is a relatively new sport with scarce information. This study aimed to differentiate the shooting situations of the 3x3 and 5-on-5 basketball games in elementary school and clarify the characteristics of the 3x3 game regarding the movement before the shot, shooting method and position. The merits of using the 3x3 game as a training tool for the 5-on-5 game and the points to keep in mind at that time were also examined.

The participants were 20 healthy male elementary school students (age: 11.2±0.6 years, height: 146.5±7.6 cm, weight: 35.9±5.8 kg, competition history: 3.4±1.3 years) who belonged to mini-basketball clubs and practiced five days in a week. In the 3x3 basketball games, eight 6-minute games were played with rest periods in between. On the other hand, five 6-minute games were played in the 5-on-5 basketball games, also with rest periods in between.

The results of this study were as follows: the 3x3 basketball game was characterized by more shots from outside the paint area in the “1-on-1” and “outside-catch-shot” scenarios. In the movement before the shot, there were many “outside play,” “ball clearing, check ball, ball carrying,” and “dribble drift” in the 3x3 games.

The 3x3 basketball game may be a good training tool for children in Japan in the developing age groups who play the game, owing to its demand for 1-on-1 play and outside shot development. However, with the current rules of the game, the possibility of a single player monopolizing the ball cannot be ruled out; therefore, some modifications to the rules are necessary.

OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy and childbirth are associated with significant stressors, and excessive stress poses a threat to women’s mental and physical health, and well-being. In this study, we investigated the effect of participation in a single session of an exercise-based mother’s program with pair work in mitigating psychological and physiological stress responses in healthy postpartum women. Participants at home were defined as the control group and compared to the mothers who participated in the program.

METHODS: The subjects were 16 women, 2–12 months after delivery, who participated in a postpartum program. The 120 minute program included aerobic exercise using a balance ball, communication work with participants, and self-care (abdominal breathing, hip joint stretching). The Mood Check List-Short Form 2 was completed and salivary cortisol was measured before program (10:00 am, Time 1) and immediately after aerobic exercise (11:00 am, Time 2), and after the program (12:00 pm, Time 3). At baseline, the same measurements were made at the same time on a separate day at the homes of the research participants within one week after the program. Interactions and main effect were investigated using a repeated measures two-way analysis of variance (condition×time) for each indicator.

RESULTS: Significant interaction and main effect (condition×time) were seen in “Pleasantness” (P<0.001) and “Relaxation” (P<0.05); participating in the program, positive mood improve over time compared to the baseline. A significant main effect of time was seen in “Anxiety” (P<0.001), which was decreased with time in both conditions. Although salivary cortisol show a tendency to decreas gradually in both conditions, there was no significant change in salivary cortisol.

DISUCUSSION: It is possible an exercise-based mother program with communication work contribute to reducing psychological stress in postpartum women; increased pleasantness and relaxation.

This study aims to clarify how health and physical education teachers educate student teachers in teaching practice and identify their tasks within the teaching practice guidance. Therefore, this study quantitatively organized the differences in years of teaching experience, teaching practice guidance experience, and school type from the perspective of mentoring.

The research method was a questionnaire survey method. The number of questionnaires collected was 327(25.3%), and the number of valid responses was 287(87.8%).

The results of the survey revealed the following three points.

(1) Health and physical education teachers recognize “teaching” as a role played by the teaching practice supervisor through their teaching practice guidance role.

(2) Health and physical education teachers tended to recognize “relaying”, “facilitating” and “teaching” as roles of a teaching practice supervisor.

(3) Health and physical education teachers recognize their role in teaching practice differently in relation with “assessing”, “coaching”, “counseling” and “consulting”.