In recent years, as kendo has spread in China, kendo clubs have transformed from single sports clubs to a new management style—multi-sports clubs that offer several sports disciplines, including kendo. This transformation can be viewed as diversification from the perspective of management studies. Analyzing the case of kendo clubs in China and clarifying their effectiveness and challenges is important for understanding the future prospects for the popularization of kendo.

Through interviews and questionnaires, this study aimed to clarify the actual management situation of “A” Sports Club, and to identify the benefits and challenges of the club.

The results of the study revealed that kendo clubs face the following problems: insufficient income due to long-term stagnation in membership, risks associated with relying solely on kendo, inadequate use of facilities, and inefficient advertising activities, which motivated them to convert to a multi-sport club to solve these problems. This strategic move is consistent with the motivation for diversification strategies in business administration.

In addition, the conversion to a multi-sports club has resulted in savings in terms of fixed costs, economies of scope, diversification of risk, and creation of combined profits. However, the study also revealed that a lack of focus due to a poor brand image and inefficient resource allocation due to low information-sharing, resulted in lower price competitiveness. This study provides new insights into how kendo can be promoted internationally.

This study aims to elucidate the impact of referee experience at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics on their social capital and social trust. Through factor analysis, a model was constructed based on four factors: “local trust and cohesion,” “community anxiety,” “participation in local activities,” and “interaction with neighbors.”

The results revealed that Hypothesis 1, “The social trust of referee groups has a significant impact on community anxiety,” holds true, as heightened community anxiety leads to a decrease in local trust. For Hypothesis 2, “Local interaction and social participation have a significant impact on the social trust of the referee group,” it was found that while participation in community activities increases trust, neighborly interactions may sometimes undermine it.

In contrast, Hypothesis 3, “Local interaction and social participation have a significant impact on the community anxiety of the referee group,” demonstrated that participation in community activities reduces anxiety, yet community anxiety promotes neighborly interactions.

Moreover, regarding Hypothesis 4, “Experience in refereeing at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics leads to an increase in social trust through local interaction and social participation,” the results showed that referees with experience are better adapted to and equipped with stronger coping strategies for community anxiety, contributing to the maintenance of trust relationships. Finally, the study validated Hypothesis 5, confirming that such participation experiences contribute to the formation of bonding social capital (SC).

The purpose of this study is to clarify the formation process of Yang’s Friendship Association and its successor, the Yang Federation, from the perspective of strategic activities before Yang Mingshi Tai Chi became an NPO.

The results of the study show that, Yang’s Friendship Association started the Tai Chi activity while being influenced by the voluntary organization of Yoshida Health and Longevity Group (Kai).The association’s journal, “Health and Longevity,” served as a means of disseminating strategic activities.

In regards to the strategy of organization of Yang’s Friendship Association, first of all, Yang Meitoki emphasized the importance of making interpersonal relationships. His second strategy, was that he wrote about the idea and concepts of Yang Tai Chi, and succeeded in increasing the number of classrooms and increasing the number of members. However, in order to distinguish it from the authentic Tai Chi in China, the Yang’s Friendship Association was renamed the Yang’s Federation in 1981(Showa 56).

However, in 1982(Showa 57),Yang Federation had no change in the pattern of fundamental management, but began to focus on leadership training. In order to secure the legitimacy of Yang Mingshi Tai Chi, he Yang Meitoki deepened ties between Lee, a Chinese martial artist, and Kanazawa a Japanese karate expert. Lee and Kanazawa recognized Yang Mingshi Tai Chi, as an authentic activity, which is a Japanese martial art that was different from gymnastics. Furthermore, in exchange tournaments held with external organizations in Japan, he made it known both inside and outside Japan that there exist two poles of Yang Mingshi Tai Chi: Tai Chi for health and Tai Chi for practical use, which are the two sides of Yang Mingshi Tai Chi.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the tactical awareness of university karate kumite competitors for the purpose of winning, and to obtain knowledge that is effective in coaching tactics. Eighty students were analyzed, and divided into two groups. The top group consisting of those who had participated in All Japan Student Tournaments and the lower group consisting of those who had not participated in All Japan Student Tournaments. A questionnaire survey on the tactics of kumite competitions was administered to the subjects, consisting of 29 questions (26 multiple-choice questions and 3 free-answer questions).The selected answers were subjected to the Chi-Squared Test and the Fisher’s direct probability test to test for differences between groups. The open-ended responses were subjected to quantitative text mining analysis using KH Coder 3. Significant differences were found in 5 out of 26 multiple-choice questions (p<0.05).

In a match, earning the first point was considered to be a highly important score regardless of the competition results. The top group was characterized by having a tactical awareness of moves other than those aimed at scoring points. The results of the quantitative text mining analysis showed that both the top and lower groups were aiming for the first point in the early phase of the game, while the top group was also looking at the opponent’s moves and then aiming to score a point. In the final stages of the match, the top group was considered to have an awareness of scoring along with defensive tactics. The results showed that the top group clearly expressed tactical awareness depending on the match situation and circumstances. It can be inferred that instructors can confirm the discrepancy between the performance and tactical content during a match, and that this will provide new information for practicing tactical coaching.

Introduction:Coaches are required to need to be able to evaluate players’ performance on the field. Therefore, in order to evaluate pitching motion regardless of the experience level of the coach, the a baseline of the criteria is needed. The purpose of this study was to create evaluation criteria for pitching motion that can be used in actual sports coaching.

Methods:In this study, we created evaluation criteria for pitching motion by extracting common elements from medical science papers, literature, and players’ subjective opinions. To examine the validity of the evaluation criteria, we scored the motion of Japanese Major League Baseball (MLB) and Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) pitchers based on the evaluation criteria and conducted a correlation analysis of the evaluation scores and ball velocity. To analyze the objectivity and reliability of the evaluation criteria, we calculated the inter- and intra-subject agreement of the evaluation scores given by six former NPB pitchers, coaches, and medical staff who had experience working in the field of baseball.

Results:There was a significant positive relationship between the evaluation scores for the second half of the pitch and the maximum and average ball velocity. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the evaluation scores within inter and intra subjects of the entire pitch phase were all above 0.7.

Discussion:The results of this study suggest that the evaluation criteria we have developed have a certain degree of validity, objectivity and reliability. This indicates that there is no significant difference between the observation skills of experienced baseball coaches and medical professionals and the evaluation criteria we have developed.

This study was the findings revealed that the judo therapy techniques established in the Taisho period were influenced by jujutsu sekkotsu-jutsu.

To gain a better understanding of the forms of transmission of Tenjinshinyoryu jujutsu techniques and skills during the Meiji and Taisho periods, the study investigated and examined the composition of sekkotsu techniques in the Taisho-period historical document “Complete Takeoka-Style Osteosynthesis”(1921).The study also examined the impact of the technical aspects of sekkotsu techniques after the legislation of judo therapy.

Judo therapy techniques began as first aid for jujutsu, based on the sekkotsu-jutsu of Tenjinshinyo-ryu jujutsu in the Meiji period, and developed into conventional sekkotsu-jutsu with increased medical specialization in the Taisho period. Additionally, a professional organization for “Takeoka-style osteosynthesis” constituted a lineage around the time of the legislation of judo therapy.

“Takeoka-style osteosynthesis,” a lineage of sekkotsu-jutsu that increased the professional status of sekkotsu-jutsu, came about in the Taisho period, supporting judo therapy from a technical standpoint. Takeoka’s techniques linked “bone-setting” in the early modern period to “sekkotsu-jutsu” in the modern period and “judo therapy” today. In other words, Takeoka’s sekkotsu-jutsu can be seen as techniques that bridge jujutsu techniques and judo therapy.

This study aimed to qualitatively clarify the actual situation of high school health and physical education teachers’ “long-distance running lesson view” and the factors that formed it. In all, 738 high schools were randomly selected throughout Japan (15% sampling rate), and a survey was conducted by mail to health and physical education teachers in February 2023. Of the teachers in the 738 schools surveyed, 199 responded (response rate: 27.0%). Data from 152 teachers in schools were analyzed after excluding 47 schools with teachers that failed to complete the questionnaire. The results of this study revealed the following: (1) The “perspective or view regarding long-distance running classes” held by high school health and physical education teachers were mostly “attitude toward long-distance running classes,” and “the actual condition of students” after entering the profession was cited as a contributing factor to this perspective. (2) The period before entering a teacher training program and the period during which they were enrolled in a teacher training program were rarely cited as factors contributing to the high school health and physical education teachers’ “perspective regarding long-distance running classes.” This could be because few opportunities existed to question the “long-distance running perspective regarding teaching” prior to their entry into the teaching profession, or because teachers’ long teaching experience may have overridden their perspective regarding teaching prior to their entry into the teaching profession.

We conducted a comparative analysis of the health awareness and behavior of college students before and after the COVID-19 epidemic, with the aim of examining changes in health awareness and behavior and the state of health education for college students as a result of COVID-19. In addition, we conducted a text-mining analysis of students’ health behaviors. These results suggest that students’ interest in and confidence in their own health tended to decrease, and that negative factors such as anxiety and stress caused by COVID-19 had an impact, leading to a decrease in confidence in their health. In addition, the students were conscious of their regular lifestyle, and were committed to a well-balanced diet, moderate exercise habits, and adequate sleeping hours in order to achieve good health. In addition, the students considered sleep deprivation, stress, and smoking to be factors that harm their health, and they were making efforts to reduce or eliminate these health-damaging factors from their own lives. Based on the above, we believe that the goal of health education for college students is to encourage them to maintain and improve their health status, and to acquire the knowledge to understand their own health status and to improve their health through self-care and self-control. In fact, it was found that current students are working to improve their own health condition through self-care. Therefore, it is necessary for health education to provide accurate knowledge that leads to health behaviors and attitudes that students themselves can easily engage in.

This study aims to elucidate the impact of incorporating video materials into physical education classes on the knowledge and skills of middle school students, using hurdle running as a case study. Practical lessons were conducted with 78 students from X Middle School from February to March 2023, during which knowledge tests and skill tests were administered. The results revealed that video materials were effective in enhancing students’ understanding of knowledge. This effect can be attributed to students being able to observe and confirm the movements they were aiming to achieve through ICT materials, thereby deepening their understanding of hurdle running. On the other hand, no favorable impact was observed on the improvement of students’ skills. Factors contributing to this included the limited number of class hours, totaling seven, and the decrease of verbal instruction from the teacher.

Japanese women’s soccer has performed well in international competitions. However, scientific data and literature on women’s soccer are still limited compared to men’s soccer. In this study, we used a heart rate monitor with built-in GPS to clarify the exercise intensity and running performance of college female soccer players during games, and to examine the relationship with game results. The purpose of this study was to obtain useful knowledge for coaches to improve their players’ competitive performance. The subjects were 28 women in the first division of the Kanto University Women’s Soccer League, and 16 official matches of the first division of the Kanto University Women’s Soccer League were used for the study. The maximum heart rate was 192.0±4.4 bpm, and the average heart rate was 169.2±14.6 bpm. The total distance run was 10.1±0.3 km and the total number of sprints was 17.2±3.6. When the relationship between game outcome and total distance run and total number of sprints was examined, the values for both items were significantly higher for wins than for losses. This is the first study in Japan to examine exercise intensity and running performance of Japanese collegiate women’s soccer players in an actual official game.