We investigated the polishing mechanism and industrial effectiveness of the ultrasonic vibration abrasive stone polishing method in which the abrasive stone is ultrasonically vibrated in a direction perpendicular to the polishing direction. A polishing experiment was conducted using a cBN electroplated stone (#800), which was vibrated ultrasonically at a frequency of 20 kHz and a maximum amplitude of 15 μm. First, we observed the surface properties of the abrasive stone after truncation polishing and measured the variation in abrasive grain height. Next, polishing experiments were conducted on high-speed steel, aluminum, brass, titanium alloys, and stainless steel, and the results showed that the polished surface precision was improved for all tested soft and hard metals