The Great East Japan Earthquake, about 60% of the victims of the tsunami was 65 years of age or older. In consideration of the aging society of the future, evacuation of vulnerable people who are unable to get away alone has become a pressing issue.
 However, we believe that individual plans of vulnerable people shall not proceed, so a system that supports them is required.
 Therefore, we have developed a scenario simulator that can be used as a target area where the tsunami is expected to see an animation action of supporters and vulnerable people to evacuate. A feature of the developed system, is that it assumes the traffic inhibition, it can be confirmed evacuation of all households, evacuation behavior of supporters and vulnerable people, the evacuation behavior of arbitrary households.
 In the future, we will incorporate into the conditions of the tsunami in the system, and, along with the residents, come up with an individualized program of vulnerable people reviewing the inhibition place from the point of expert's viewpoints.

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 In the risk management of the campus for natural disaster and large fire disaster, not only improvement on the facility, but also the evacuation plan for the quick and smooth evacuation behavior based on the self-help and mutual assistance by students and faculty members must be established. In this study, the evacuation simulations from the lecture rooms to the appointment refuge places in the university campus are constructed, and the time and space information on the evacuation transit time and route to the appointment places are analyzed. Based on the simulation results, the shortening effect in the evacuation time by spot facility improvements due to the structural vulnerability analyses on the evacuation routes and by the setting of the evacuation routes are examined. As the effective evacuation behavior, the model which hands over the evacuation route to the refugees from the upper floors is proposed. The new model's effectiveness on evacuation time reduction is evaluated; finally the most optimal evacuation paths are completed.

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 In 2011 3.11, the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake” (the Great East Japan Earthquake) was hutted to the nuclear power plant in Fukushima. Therefore, the planning blackouts were carried out several months. Under this influence, many peoples had forced an inconvenient life. In recent years, heavy rain disaster, typhoon, tornado, and thunder etc. occur, and blackouts gets peoples a serious damage. The object of this research project is to develop the evacuation guidance and the indicator implement which does not need electric power using phosphoresce material. And, the fire drill was conducted and the questionnaire was simultaneously carried out to the participant about the recognition nature of a passage, and the mental state at the time of refuge.

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 A lots of problems for the business continuity for local governments extracted from the suffering cities, towns and villages in Tohoku region attacted by the East Japan Great Earthquake. The existent BCP were not worked because the government office buildings were supposed to be no damage. In this study, a drawing approach of the BCP for local government by the staff participation workshop, and its approach is applied to drawing for the BCP for Toyono town.

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 The huge tsunami subjected to the Great East Japan Earthquake attacked cities, towns and villages around coastal area, and then the government buildings were suffered to be destructive damage. It led to the delay in subsequent recovery. In such a large-scale disaster, it is difficult to overcome by one local goverment, one local community, and one company. It is need to cooperate from the viewpoint of local government continuation, and is need to work on disaster measures.
 In this study, we consider the company BCP as well as the disaster resilience from the view point of local government continuation. Concretely, the four index such as robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness, rapidty are used. First, the bulnerablity of the area is evaluated based on the damage investigation for the Great East Japan Earthquake, and then the way company BCP and the reinforcement measures for disaster resilience are proposed from the viewpoint of local government continuation.

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 In the future, huge damages have been predicted caused by great earthquakes along the Nankai trough. Referring to the case of the Eastern Japan Great Earthquake, there is a risk of damage over a wide area, as well as individual organizations, the region become to be dysfunctional. Kagawa Prefecture is expected as a base for disaster prevention of the Shikoku region, it is necessary to develop a District Continuity Plan (DCP) as soon as possible.
 Business Continuity Plan (BCP) formulate measures to ensure availability of business services. BCP is assumed that organization stops functioning. BCP prioritize the important business to continue to function in the organization. Determining the business continuity strategy is a decision of the chief executive. In the development of the DCP, common criteria are required for various organizations.
 In this study, based on the DCP practices in Kagawa region, we discuss the DCP formulation guidelines and the challenges of DCP.

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 In the Great East Japan Earthquake, according to the tsunami damage which far exceeds the assumption before an earthquake disaster, the government building which should be a base corresponding to a disaster flowed out, and it was late for restoration and revival of the area. As a result, residents emigrate to other areas and revival of the community has become a difficult situation. Based on these teachings, in order for an overall community to enable early restoration and revival at the worst situation, an organization, a community, and a governmental agency are required for improvement in disaster prevention power in advance supposing the worst situation that the area loses.
 In this research, paying attention to a local community, improvement in the disaster prevention power of a local community is considered, and also the local continuation at the time of a large-scale wide area disaster is considered. Disaster prevention and disaster reduction power of a community are quantified using four indices, robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness, and rapidity, and it evaluates as community resilience. Resilience evaluation of the area which has used the index is performed. And the decision technique of the community continuous plan supposing the time of a large-scale wide area disaster is proposed.

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 Falling accidents are a serious problem in the construction industry in Japan. Approximately 40% of fatal construction accidents are caused by falls. In this stiation, FRP inspection platform is used for fall protection during bridge maintenance and management works. The FRP inspection platform is usually set on the side of abutment for the inspection of the joint between the abutment and the bridge girder. Then, it is assumed that the hook of the safety belt is hung on the guardrail of the platform during the works due to the high place. However, the safety of the platform is not clarified because of the FRP made platform. Therefore, in this study, the safety of the platform was confirmed experimentally in using the sand bag, and the platform was improved that the sand bag, which weight was 85 kg, did not fall.

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 Deterioration of water-tightness in service pipeline system has resulted from water-leak accidents due to damage accumulation in pipe materials. The repaired pipeline system could not be evaluated to water-leak phenomena under refilling process. Non-destructive evaluation of water-tightness in pipeline system is currently in urgent demand. In this study, acoustic emission (AE) method is applied to the evaluation of water-tightness in service and model pipeline systems. In service pipeline was inspected and then repaired after water-leak accidents. The results show that water-tightness in the pipeline system could be quantitatively evaluated by using AE parameters, such as AE generation behavior and AE energy. Thus, it becomes clear that when a pipeline is being filled with water after the repair work, the situation of water-tightness in the pipeline can be clearly identified through AE monitoring.

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 A large number of the steel sheet pile canal has been widely used in rural areas. In recent years, the relationship between the durability and the corrosion of the steel sheet pile has been discussed as a technical problem. In this study, development of conservation method for corroded steel sheet pile is going to be performed, applying steel sheet pile - concrete composite. The experiments were conducted in model tests and existing structure. In the monitoring, the bending properties of composites are evaluated based on AE (acoustic emission) and load-displacement relations. Thus, the mechanical properties could be evaluated by comparing a moment with a maximum displacement, which is analyzed by mechanical properties. A relation between mechanical value and composite properties are correlated. The AE generation behavior is correlated with fracture process in bending test, and thus the covering effect of concrete is quantitatively estimated.

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 Now, the deterioration of a structure built at period of high economic growth advances, and the number for diagnosis is increasing rapidly. The bridges is no exception, although the number of the 50-year progress bridges in Japan was approximately 15,000 of 9% of the whole in 2011, they are excepted to increase even to 44,000 which will be equivalent to 28% in 2021, and also 84,000 to be gone up also to 53% in ten years. Even among them, it is necessary to inspect the high power bolt used for the construction of the steel bridge in that regularly because the slack occurs with progress at time. We can carry out without being dangerous activity easily at low cost if we use hammering test. However, this method has a part depending on perception and the experience of the expert, and is insufficient of them. Therefore, we tried to evaluate quantitatively the atteacors that obtained from impact acoustics for the purpose of what even a engineers without enough experience can diagnose.

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 Currently, the bridges which were built in period of high economic growth are accounting for about 40% of all bridges and the deterioration of the high-strength bolts has become the important problem. It is necessary to diagnose periodically in order to find the deterioration of the high-strength bolts due to corrosion and metal fatigue and so on. The impact acoustics method is one of the diagnosis methods of the axial force. But, it is required the method that can diagnose more accurately and efficiently because the impact acoustics method has problems which depends on the engineer's experience and intuition, be required the high costs for the diagnosis and is shortage of the enough skilled engineer. In this study, we collected many wave pattern data of the impact acoustics that were taken by hitting the examination body which concluded the high-strength bolts with the tapping hammer and recognized the axial force by using the frequency data that were taken by converting the wave pattern data through the pattern recognition method.

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 A convenient and reliable SHM (Structural Health Monitoring) system based on non-contact displacement measurements was proposed for applying to the crack growth monitoring of concrete structures in this study. The displacement vectors of the nodes of discretized elements on digital image are measured with a CCD camera and an image processor. The maximum principal strain and the principal direction, which are calculated from the displacement vectors, are the prime parameters for crack identification. In this study, crack initiation and growth behavior is detected by evaluating the crack opening displacement in each discretized element from maximum principal strain and the principal direction. The validity of the proposed SHM system was demonstrated through the experimental results using a four-point bending specimen.

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 This paper examines the extraction of sediment disaster hazard area and the precipitation criteria for which evacuation is required. The past sediment disaster cases in Nagano prefecture are analyzed by using precipitation information and regional characteristics data such as topographic features, geology and land use data, and the debris flow hazard areas are extracted. The relationship between the precipitation and the disaster occurrence in the past debris flow disasters is investigated, and then the rainfall criterion for judging the risk of sediment disaster is derived.

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 The objective of this study is to estimate safety improbement benefit by introduction of platform screen door using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Questionnaire survey of railway users to understand their perceptions and willingness to pay (WTP) for improvement project was conducted in Tokyo metropolitan area. The results of this study show that railway users recognize the various effects and their WTP is 24.8 yen per one way trip, breakdown for enhancement of safety are 71.9 % of the total. Safety improbement benefit for 30-year is estimated 2212 billion yen.

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 In an earthquake caused by an active fault, a gap of the fault may reach several maters. Then buried pipelines for water may be greatly affected. Therefore, water pipelines across a fault must be designed carefully. However, very little research has studied in detail the behavior of underground ductile iron pipelines in response to fault movements, and the design method is not established. In addition, the example that ductile iron pipes with earthquake resistant joints were buried across a fault which moved while an earthquake is not reported.
 Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the behavior of ductile iron pipes with earthquake resistant joints buried across a fault and verified the analysis results through the experiment using the actual pipes. Furthermore, we inspected an improvement measure of the safety of ductile iron pipelines with earthquake resistant joints.

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 In Awaji Island, a powerful earthquake will be hit in the near future and it will be served serious tsunami damage in the vicinity of coastal area. In this paper, we carried out interview survey for staffs of local government, elementary school and local community and made clear the change in consciousness against the disaster from before the Hanshin- Awaji Great Eathquake to after the Great East Japan Earthquake. The conscious of residents against the massive earthquake in the Nankai Trough is high and the correspondence against Awaji Islanad Earthquake in April 13, 2013 was not so bad.

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 The population of our country decreases approximately 33 million people than the present in 2050, and it becomes approximately 75% of current population, and a ratio 65 years or older becomes approximately 40% from approximately 24%, and it is with an aging society. With this, the yield of taxes of the government decreases, and social security related annual expenditure will increase. On the other hand, most of social infrastructure built for the rapid economic growth period become maintenance, the time when you must update it, and these expenses become enormous, and, at the same time, the outbreak probability of Tokai, the southeast sea, the south seas earthquake will increase. We examine the way of the maintenance of society infrastructure to comprise for a role and the giant earthquake disaster of the social infrastructure in the future in limited time and finance in such society background.

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 It is feared that climate change caused by global warming will increase the frequency and intensify the level of disasters related to water and sediment. Accordingly, a need for development of crisis management system is increased in addition to structural measures. In the Sendai River basin, “Subcommittee to Consider Disaster Prevention/Mitigation Relating to Climate Change” was established in close cooperation between the government and private sectors. Throught the subcommittee, non-structural adaptive measures were studied aiming at achieving “Zero Victims” under the water related disasters, and then the measures were implemented.
 This paper reports challenges over the water related disasters derived from questionnaire survey to community people about consciousness of disaster prevention as well as efforts implemented with non structural measures. In addition, this paper presents measures for expanding/continuing efforts and their effects such as “study sessions by community people are effective for raising consciousness of disaster prevention”.

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 In the case that fire or disasters over a certain scale has occurred, Commissioner of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency(FDMA) is authorized to request to report information about them to the local government(LG) based on the Fire Organization Act. The guidelines for immediate report about fire and disaster, that's one in which prescribed for a method to report about them. It stipulates for the information exchanged between FDMA and LG and has become the standard method, but in the LG they share the disaster information, but they often fail to utilize them in cooperation with related departments and other organizations. In this paper, we will verify the effectiveness of the guidelines, and consider the way utilizing the disaster information sharing system developed by some LG recently.

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 This study focuses on the relationship of the action and information for safe evacuation of inhabitants in geo-disaster. A questionnaire survey was performed to inhabitants in Nachikatsuura town, Wakayama prefecture where suffered severe damage by heavy rain caused by typhoon No. 12 in 2011. A relation between information given by local governments and actual situation of evacuation during the heavy rain was analyzed. The necessary information and comunication tools were discussed for safe and early evacuation of inhabitants.

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 After large-scale disasters, many organizations have to cooperate to recover and reconstruct. A District Continuity Plan (DCP) has been required as a guide to action each organization work together strategically. District Impact Analysis (DIA) is important in the development of the DCP. DIA is to identify of important functions of districts and determine the priority district and alternate bases. However, there are few practical example of the DCP, effective DIA methods have not been established. Therefore, it is necessary to propose new method and to develop of a DIA support system. In this study, an attempt is made to propose an evaluation method of the continuity capacity of the district using DIA support system. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed method.

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 With change of a weather situation in recent years, it is pointed out that the generating number of the disaster by Localized Severe Rainis increasing. In disasters like localized Severe Rain, it is important that local residents be able to predict the risk and seek shelter in order to protect themselves; but currently no education to improve the ability to predict such disasters has been implemented. Moreover, the effectiveness of this simulator was evaluated by comparing with the disaster prevention education based on the past disaster documents such as the damage number, the damage photo, the radar rainfall information and so on.

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 In the flood disaster which occurred recently, for example, the Kii Peninsula heavy rain and the northern Kyushu heavy rain, a lot of schools have suffered the damage of flood. Although urgent actions such as preparation for a shelter, etc. are performed in school in flood disasters, the problems have occurred such that the teacher gathering urgently got into a danger on the way to the school. By this research, those problems were analyzed and the disaster prevention management method of the school was examined for the flood disaster.6

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 The Japanese Industrial Safety and Health Law was revised in March 2009, introducing new measures concerning accidental falls in the construction industry. This revision regulates the use of guard rails, handrails, and other scaffolds components. Wind loads need to be considered when the scaffolds are set up. The wind loads and structural specifications of scaffolds are regulated by current design regulations. However, these provisions do not necessarily comply with the new legal requirements because they were made to apply to old-style scaffolds. A baseboard was used in construction site. In this study, the wind force on the scaffolds, with the height of the baseboard as a parameter, was examined by wind tunnel test. The scaffolds wind force coefficient of scaffolds with a 15cm baseboard is 1.5 times that of the scaffolds without a baseboard. The wind force coefficient should consider the height of the baseboard in the design of the scaffolds. From the results, It should be executed to the new regulations.

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 Excavators are pieces of construction machinery used to dig trenches, holes, and foundations. An excavator with crane function has been developed and used in Japan in recent years. However, there have been several reports of accidents where excavators have toppled over during crane operations. In this study, prototype model tests were carried out to investigate the instability factors in the propelling performance of an excavator with a lifted load.
 The load variation of a lifted load was measured by installing a load cell on the bucket of the excavator, and the behaviour of the excavator during self-propulsion was measured by a motion analysis using a high-speed video camera.
 To reduce the variation in the lifted load during the propelling performance of an excavator with a lifted load, it was observed that it is important to confirm the flatness of the site and decrease the running speed.

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 In Japan, the number of labor accident in the construction industry shows still high value as ever. According to the statistics of last year, the number of labor death accident in the construction site shows about 400, and this number holds one third of the number of labor death accident in all industry. It was also made clear by the statistics that this number is the most in all industry. It is the present situation that time and cost for the safety education in the construction site is decreasing as the result of severe price competition. So, it is important and necessary to do more effective safety education in the limited time and budget. The important issue that should be solved immediately is what safety education should be like by careful attention to the prevention of accidents in the construction site. In this research, we developed the experience-based safety education support system that can assess the risk easily in the construction site. This system can put information tag about some dangerous spots where the labor accident such as falling and colliding are easy to be happened in the real construction sites through the tablet typed PC or the smart phone. Moreover, various risk information accumulated by using this system can be confirmed on the map of the construction site, and these information can be also shared and utilized for the safety education in the construction site.

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