For most Japanese companies and organizations, the enormous damage of the Great East Japan Earthquake was more than expected. In addition to great tsunami and earthquake motion, the lack of electricity and fuel disturbed to business activities seriously, and they should be considered important constraint factors in future earthquakes. Furthermore, disruption of supply chains also led considerable decline of production in many industries across Japan and foreign countries. Therefore it becomes urgent need for Japanese government and industries to utilize the lessons of the Great Earthquake and execute effective countermeasures, considering great earthquakes such as Tonankai & Nankai earthquakes and Tokyo Inland Earthquakes. Obviously most basic step is improving earthquake-resistant ability of buildings and facilities. In addition the spread of BCP and BCM to enterprises and organizations is indispensable. Based on the lessons, the BCM should include the point of view of the supply chain management more clearly, and emphasize "substitute strategy" more explicitly because a company should survive even if it completely loses its present production base. The central and local governments are requested, in addition to develop their own BCP, to improve related systematic conditions for BCM of the private sectors.

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 At some sites of earthquakes and other disasters, rescuers search for people buried under rubble by listening for the sounds which they make. Thus developing a technique to localize sound sources amidst loud noise will support such search and rescue operations.
 In this paper, we discuss an experiment performed to test an array signal processing technique which searches for unperceivable sound in loud noise environments. Two speakers simultaneously played a noise of a generator and a voice decreased by 20 dB (= 1/100 of power) from the generator noise at an outdoor space where cicadas were making noise. The sound signal was received by a horizontally set linear microphone array 1.05 m in length and consisting of 15 microphones. The direction and the distance of the voice were computed and the sound of the voice was extracted and played back as an audible sound by array signal processing.

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 It is assumed extensive damage in the Tokyo Inland Earthquakes. At the recovery and rehabilitation of disaster areas, it has been actualized many vulnerabilities such as possibility of restoring damaged houses, lack of the debris management measures, and so on. And further, the importance of clarifying recovery process in life and mind of the victims with special needs is recognized for disaster prevention.
 On earthquake disaster in the Tokyo Metropolitan area, we have been examining the debris operation scheme in order to secure the safety and security of citizens. Moreover, we have been proposed the methodology of the emergency debris management measures to keep the community environment.

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 On Jan. 27, 2011, Mt. Shinmoe in the Kirishima mountain range on the border between Kagoshima and Miyazaki Prefectures began erupting for the first time in 52 years. In this study, to clarify the damage and correspondence of local governments and business establishments for a series of volcanic hazards of Mt. Shinmoe in 2011, we conducted interview research and document investigation. For endless volcanic hazard, not only the serious and sustained effots of disaster-affected area, but also the broad-based supoorts from neighboring local governments and business establishments are required.

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 The construction industry makes effective social contributions during disaster recovery efforts. The present study investigated the possibility of the construction industry also contributing to disaster prevention efforts and the formulation of emergency policy. The administrative divisions of the construction industry society were surveyed regarding the possibility of the industry contributing to disaster prevention measures, emergency response efforts, and emergency policy. A questionnaire given to municipal disaster prevention sections in Kyushu and the Yamaguchi Prefecture showed that the construction industry could contribute to these efforts.

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 As population of people with special needs to disaster including in old person and handicapped person is yearly increasing, so they may be victims by flood and debris flow etc. from now on. We practiced two times of diserster imagination game based on the assumpution on the flooding flow toward Torahime area from Ane and Takatoki River. It is shown that social welfare facilities choosed two ways to evacuate above second floor and/or to shelter. We estimated that this choice of social welfare facility had been the most suitable judgement in evacuation methods. This paper points out important issue of two evacuation methods which is discussed with concerned person.

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 This research carried out the questionnaire and the hearing to a resident, independence disaster prevention, and administration for 5 city towns of the Uwakai coast in Ehime Pref where the evacuation advisory was issued in case of the Chile distant earthquake and the East Japan great earthquake.
 If the problem of the residents as for whom those results took refuge is an Nankai earthquake, it is a point that almost all residents have gone home at the highest time to carry out a tsunami attack.
 We think that it leads to the measure against one by a resident, administration, and residents sharing these questionnaire results, and exploring each problem and subject from now on.

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 In this study, we focus on the gap of knowledge of river information between local government and resident, and think that water level is more effective and useful as evacuation information. Up to now, resident judges from empirical knowledge and evacuates. We study the relation of observed water level with this knowledge, so this result is effective evacuation information. Moreover, we analyze flood flow in flood-plain, and could obtain priority of evacuation district.

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 Noto Peninsula earthquake occurred in Ishikawa Pref., in March, 2007, and the Noto Yuryo, and many arterial roads were damaged. This led to the conosiderable confusion of the road traffic in Noto Peninsula area and gave the influence on all kinds of social/economic activities. Therefore, an method of providing the traffic information for drivers is important in the case of disasters such as earthquakes.
 We carried out a questionnaire survey for local inhabitants and investigated the road use situation at the time of the Noto Peninsula earthquake and the information acquisition situation about it. We also analyzed whether or not the method of providing the traffic information was appropriate. In addition, we examined the best traffic information in the case of earthquakes.

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 In considering district continuity in case of large scale disaster, it is required at first to consider business continuity of local organizations such as administrative office and company inside community. However, company which has its own BCP is only 27.6% in large company and 12.6% in middle company. Revival of local residents and economic is significantly depend on early recovery of local infrastructures such as, electricity, gas, road and railway and in this immediately after disaster phase, role construction industry which is familiar with local condition could play is significant and highly expected. Therefore, it could be said that BCP for construction company could contribute to increase of district continuity. This study, from new knowledge acquired from development of system to support making BCP, suggests district continuity increase plan.

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 Recently, the natural disaster and the accident have happened frequently. Thus, many companies and local organizations had been suffered such as discontinuity of business, loss of profits, customers' confidence decrease, and tremendous damage out of business. Especially the business stop of construction companies are influenced the recovery activities, so that it could be late the rescue activities. In this study, a supporting system of the business continuity plan (BCP) for construction companies is developed using the web server and database, and then some ideas for the user's friendly system are considered.

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 For road networks in mountain site which are very important infrastructures for rescue and support operations in disaster, a study on preparing the BCP for local administrations at less favored area considering subsisted risk analysis is performed. As a risk the stop of road networks caused by collapse of natural slop or cut slop is considered. The effects of the stop of road networks are analyzed and the important of preparing the BCP is demonstrated.

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 The purpose of this paper is the realization of quick restoration of the lifeline system after earthquake disaster. It is intended to determine the optimal allocation of restoring teams and optimal scheduling of restoring process. In previous researches, optimal restoration scheduling system, uncertainties like the secondary disaster were considered. And some numerical example showed that the system was effective. However, the system proposed in previous researches has not considered the practical situation where optimal schedule is used. In order to support the decision making for an early restoration, it is necessary to fulfill the following conditions: a) available after disaster, b) disclosure of information about restoration. In this paper, the system for optimal restoration scheduling is realized under Web system. An attempt is made to improve the practicality of restoration scheduling system by developing the proposed system under the technologies of Cloud Computing.

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 In the Great East Japan Earthquake, some oil product farms and tanks had a lot of damages. Then we temporally run short of oil products such as gasoline, lamp oil. The oil product is indispensable to make cargo shipment, or rescue operations, and some trouble must come for everyday shopping and movement of business. The lifeline damages come out electric power, water service, gas and communication. In addition the oil product shortage overlaps then the importance to restore was recognized. After earthquake disaster, there is a possibility to interrupt supply services such as shipping from oil tanks and sale at stations. Even if their discontinuation comes, it needs some business continuity policies in order to recover supply service at early stage. This paper grasps oil product discontinuation of supply and restoration transition and tries to get disaster lessons. This paper proposes prototypic techniques to minimize the sum of penalties to supply no service for neighbor region with capacities of critical stations. It applies to Tohoku regions and their gas stations and comments the usefulness of techniques and implication of supply service continuity policy.

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 In this report, we discussed the idea of the earthquake resistance strengthning equipment as an example of semiconductor plant. We have also introduced the method of reasonably evaluating the bottlenecked equipment at the disaster recovery. Moreover, practicable anti-earthquake measures and the method of a continuous improvement were proposed.

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 The urban expressway network is an important infrastructure to execute a disaster restoration. Therefore, it is necessary to draw up the BCP (Business Continuity Plan) to enable securing of road user's safety and restoration of facilities, etc. It is important that each urban expressway manager execute decision and improvement of effective BCP countermeasures when disaster occurs by assuming various disaster situations. Then, in this study, we develop the traffic simulation system that can reproduce various disaster situations and traffic actions, and examine some methods supporting for drawing up the BCP for an urban expressway network. For disaster outside assumption such as tsunami generated by a huge earthquake, we examine some approaches securing safety of users and cars on the Hanshin Expressway Network as well as on general roads. And, we aim to propose a tsunami countermeasure not considered in the current urban expressway BCP.

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 In Japan, the revision of the design codes to consider the performance design is advanced including the Specification of Highway Bridges in recent years. If an objective performance is shown as a limit state and its performance is shown by the amount of the probability, the performance design method is equal to the limit state design method. The limit state design method is the design method based on the structural reliability theory. The partial safety factors design method will be one of the standard methods because this design method is introduced in ISO2394. As for the partial safety factors design method, a decision of the value of the partial factors is a very important matter. This paper presents some correlation between partial safety factors and return period of input motions for the reliability design method. In this study, partial safety factors are calculated by a proposed method by authors which is to prepare several partial safety factors around the ones obtained from AFOSM method in advance. We check the correlation by designing a steel pier to withstand local buckling against a ground excitation.

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 There are many earthquake damages of kenchi block masonry wall. So, we carried out experimental studies on the collapse mechanism of kenchi block masonry wall during earthquake. From these experimental data, i.e. acceleration response magnification, displacement and soil pressure were found to destroy the central wall vibrations caused by the subsidence of the embankment.

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 Drill rigs are large pieces of construction machinery, used to build pile foundations and improve ground stability. In recent years, there have been several reports of accidents where drill rigs have toppled over. Two potential causes for these accidents are related to drill rigs becoming unstable. One cause is structural instability, where the body is composed of a top heavy weight distribution. The other is concerned with the supporting ground. During the construction process, rig sites are excavated and overlaid by reclaimed soil. These works produce uneven surfaces, as well as a distribution of different stiffnesses in the supporting ground. In this study, we first classify layout methods of a steel plate and conduct loading tests with several layout patterns while decreasing the acting pressure on the bearing ground through the crawlers. Secondly, a series of experimental simulations using a 1/25 scale model of a drill rig are performed in a centrifuge, in order to investigate the cause of drill rig instability with motion-image sequence analysis. Finally, we discuss the optimum layout methods of the steel plate.

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 The frequency of fall accidents is one of the most serious problems in construction industries, and the countermeasures, such as guidelines or regulation, etc., for falls from scaffolds have been tightened in Japan. These countermeasures particularly affect the decrease in the number of the fatal accidents by falls from scaffolds. However, the rate of such accidents from falls is still high in the construction industries. In order to reduce the falls, the scaffold sheeting, as a covering around the scaffolds to protect against falling construction materials (a method widely used in Japan), was improved for fall protection. In this study, the safety of the fall protection system by the improved sheeting and the regulation was compared by fall tests using a human dummy. Then, impact loads, which acted on the scaffolds, were measured and evaluated for the safety property. Form the results of the fall tests, it could be confirmed that the fall protection system by the improved scaffold sheeting was relieved the impact loads more than that by the Japanese regulation.

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 In this paper, we analysed the labour accidents which had casualties due to rock fall events in the headings of tunnel and cleared the condition of the occurrence. It was clearly revealed that the accidents mostly happened when the workers mounted the explosive and the steel arch in the headings of the mountain tunnel. In addition, the dimension of the rocks fallen were averagely 0.6m diameter, it was not so much large. Therefore, the countermeasures based on both soft and hard faces would be useful and effective, such as the displacement measurement of a cutting face of tunnel, securing the sufficient lights to observe the cutting face, boring for drainage and shotcreting in a heading of tunnel.

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 In this study, a simple method is proposed to extract inland flooding hazardous area by using 5m resolution DEM, which is freely offered by GSI (Geospational Information Authority of Japan). Catchment area is estimated in two ways; flow accumulation analysis in a plain. Potential inflow amount is estimated by counting the number of pixels located along a upper flow of the target pixels. The number of higher elevation pixles is also counted in the surrounding of the target pixels as a flooding hazardous areas.

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 In the emergency care service, it is necessary that the ambulance quickly reaches the request field. The regional inhabitant has the right which impartially receives emergency service. But arrival time of ambulance is various according to the traffic circumstance and road improvement situation in the area. By the retention unit number of ambulance in fire station, if all ambulances are participating from the station, inhabitant cannot receive the immediate request service. Then, we make spatial distribution in arrival time of ambulance by Geographic Information System. By using this spatial distribution and the statistical data of actual emergency activity in the Tottori fire station, the vulnerability of emergency service in area and measures concerning emergency service are considered.

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 A lot of regional towns are located in small size river basins in Hokkaido. Existing flood Hazard Map is not including the flood of these small size river. However, these regional towns have the risk of the flood from small size river occurred by a localized torrential downpour which occurs frequently in recent years. In these towns, depopulation and aging has been going on recently, so the rate of the person requiring support has been increasing. In this study, we performed a numerical flood simulation on a typical regional towns in Hokkaido, and a questionnaire survey in the flood area. The several problems were found in the existing flood Hazard Map from the results of the simulation and the quesrionnaire survey.

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 The dike based on the peaty soft ground at Ishikari River down stream has some weak points. It is the looseness and the cavity etc. Dike disaster occurred a collapse and 42 places slope sliding around the slice at the time of flood of August, 1981. That is why the way of the ensuring safety of consecutive dikes became the problem.
 The purpose of this paper is prevention of collapse and damage reduction around the sluice which is essential to the ensuring safety of the community. First of all, I spoke the need of certain safety from factor grasp of the differential settlement and a trend of flood plain development and the dike maintenance. To the second, I suggested the investigation method, after having clarified a form of the transformation and progress of the differential settlement and these risk based on a field works. To the third, I estimated the progress form that a dike reached the breaching and showed the way of lasting measures in consideration of the form and outbreak range. Thereafter, I performed consideration for establishment of the general safety measures technology.

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 Occupational safety and health in disaster restoration activity following the Great Hanshin Earthquake (1995), Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake (2004), Niigata Chuetsu-oki Earthquake (2007) Great East Japan Earthquake (2011) were analyzed and characterized in order to raise awareness on the risks and hazards in such work. In this scenario, the predominant type of accident is a "fall" which increases mainly due to the fact that labourers are working to repair houses and buildings. On the other hand, landslides were prevalent in the Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake, resulting in more accidents occurring during geotechnical works rather than in buildings construction works. In the abnormal conditions that characterize recovery activities, when safety and health measures have a tendency to be neglected, it is important to reinstate adequate measures as soon as possible by carrying out the usial risk assessments.

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 In this study, the security performance that becomes driver's management criteria in the expressway is defined. Next, the factor that leads to the security performance decrease has been extracted. And, it is tried to evaluate the degree of the satisfaction rating by arranging information felt that the driver is necessary, and showing the regulatory information, the cause, and the place, etc. in the security performance matrix with two or more evaluation axes. The security performance matrix applied to the performance design system. Finally, the questionnaire of the satisfaction rating is executed to the driver, and the effectiveness of the security performance matrix is confirmed.

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 In Nanao City, Ishikawa, it was a sudden snowfall (the following, "guerrilla heavy snowfall") in a short time in January, 2009, and a traffic jam occurred in the various places in city. Therefore, the snow removing was late, and the emergency transportation was late, too.
 So, Ishikawa Prefecture performed the review of the snow removing system with this guerrilla heavy snowfall as a lesson in the next year. As a result, in January, 2011, similar guerrilla heavy snowfall was generated, but the traffic jam in the city didn't occur that much, and the big hindrance didn't produce the delay of the emergency transportation either.
 Therefore, in this study, I analyzed the snowfall situation of the year before and after the snow removing system improvement, the traffic jam situation and snow removing dispatch data and compared the difference quantitatively.
 In addition, after guerrilla heavy snowfall, the study meeting the study meeting was held by prefecture, country, city, town and association of construction industry, and they built the area snow removing cooperation system, so I carried out an interview investigation about the real enforcement situation and progress.

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 A questionnaire survey concerning the awareness to river floods is performed for foreigners and Japanese living in nagano city in order to understand the awareness of disaster prevention for foreigners living in Japan, who are one of the vulnerable people. Our results show that 1) The degree of awareness to river floods of foreigners is almost same as that of Japanese. 2) Foreigners have a higher awareness of preparation for river floods and a lower awareness of the possibility of river floods occurrence compared with Japanese. 3) Chinese have a lower awareness to river floods than the people who have other nationalities.

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 This research describes the risk communication towards improvement in the local disaster prevention power for Gobusho town in Marugame city which is only a high density city area in Kagawa Pref. Specifically, the key persons and authors of the area report the practice research towards improvement in the local disaster prevention power by the PDCA cycle of the area, such as formation of local voluntary disaster management organizations and implementation of an emergency drill, applying the fire spreading simulation system in case of a big earthquake. The fire spreading simulation system in case of the big earthquake which authors are developing describes the role and subject which have been achieved to BCP of the local community as a support system.

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 This study conducted a questionnaire survey for consciousness of residents on the disaster prevention. Additionally, an evacuation simulation model is developed to investigate the disaster situation of inhabitants under refuging by including the calculations of flood inundation. By investigating from the statistical approaches regarding the causal relation on the disaster prevention consciousness, effective policies for the disaster prevention consciousness of residents were considered. The simulation results quantitatively clarify the time required to the evacuation sites and the number of disaster victim under refuging. This simulation model will be effective to educate the citizen for a disaster prevention with the visualization.

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