Accidents in which visually impaired people fall from the station platform continue. Few studies have analyzed the causes of the fall in detail. Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire to the visually impaired and the cause was analyzed. As a result, it is confirmed that the usage of the white cone may be related. In addition, we interviewed visually impaired people who had fallen. Then, pattern of fall was found to be divided into three large.①Not notice that approaching the edge of the platform.②Misunderstood that the train is stopped.③Collided with other. And it was confirmed that the background of the fall is impatience and so on.

 The number of occupational accidents in postwar japan has decreased to about 10% of the peak at present. Although the analysis of occupational accidents in the construction industry has been carried out by linear analysis, which is a simple linear model, new efforts based on the concept of Safety-II are required now that the occurrence of disasters has decreased. In this study, we tried to analyze the cause of the crash disaster in the construction industry by FRAM (functional resonance analysis method), which is a nonlinear model. As a result, it was visualized by FRAM that there are multiple causes of disasters in the performance that is usually overlooked, as well as the causes obtained by conventional linear analysis methods, and that they can lead to disasters by affecting each other. It is shown that disaster prevention can be made by finding and responding to signs of disaster by FRAM.

 It is important to be aware of the various types of vulnerabilities involved in infrastructure maintenance and to be aware that the vulnerabilities do not increase. If the decline in vulnerability can be predicted from an early stage, it can be expected that the labor required for resilience will be reduced when fluctuations occur. In this study, from the viewpoint of resilience engineering, it is first examined the early detection of vulnerabilities with the aim of improving the operational ability of maintenance plans and the skills of related parties in the event of an abnormality. Specifically, it will be observed and sorted out the vulnerabilities that exist in carrying out maintenance work for bridge maintenance plans. Then, it will be considered how to grasp the signs of increased vulnerability in daily maintenance work.

 In recent years, heavy rain disasters have caused severe damages in many parts of Japan, and it is necessary to grasp the damage situation over a wide area for the sake of rapid restoration and rescue activities after the disaster. Therefore, in this study, the damaged part of the road is extracted by using the SAR images unaffected by weather conditions in order to grasp quickly the place where the rescue operation and the pump car arrangement are carried out preferentially in the disaster. As the result, though it is possible to grasp the flooded situation in the place where the road width is large, it is proven that the extraction is difficult on the road of small width around residential areas and paddy field. In the future, it is needed to extract the submerged part and the part with the earth and sand by machine learning, etc. in order to facilitate the deciphering of the change region.

 Fukuchiyama City in Kyoto Prefecture has frequently experienced flooding and landslides in recent years. Therefore, residents are becoming more aware of disasters, and efforts have been made to examine evacuation in the community through cooperation between the community and the local government. In this initiative, local area risk information, which can be used as a trigger for evacuation in the region, is being jointly reviewed by the community and the government, and efforts are being made to link this information to evacuation in the community. One of the characteristics of this initiative is that it uses a variety of methods based on the characteristics of the community and the ideas of the residents.

 In this study, we will focus on the formation process and characteristics of the “Community Evacuation Switch” that triggers such evacuation, and analyze the collaboration and relationship between the community and the government in the formation of the switch. In response to the passive nature of evacuation information, we will examine the effects and significance of joint evacuation discussions between the community and the government for evacuation in the community.

 In recent years, sediment-related disasters have been occurring frequently throughout Japan due to abnormal weather conditions, and it is important for residents to take disaster prevention countermeasures to mitigate the damage. In this study, we first grasped the actual situation of acquisition of knowledge about sediment-related disasters by residents living around the sediment-related disaster warning areas by questionnaire survey. Secondly, the relationship between knowledge about sediment-related disasters and disaster prevention activities by the local community and sediment-related disasters countermeasures at home was clarified. Thirdly, we proposed measures to promote countermeasures against sediment-related disasters by residents in the future.

 In the event of a sudden disaster, such as earthquake, local governments and construction companies in the affected areas are required to restore the functions of facilities quickly through emergency recovery responses. This study aims to acquire information for examining emergency recovery responses, considering the extent of damage caused to the construction companies and the regions where they were located. We used the results of the questionnaire survey of local construction companies regarding their emergency recovery responses immediately after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. Moreover, the questionnaire included responses from the construction companies located in the areas where the damage was minimal. A statistical method was applied to the questionnaire records to determine the relationship between the seismic intensity and emergency recovery response in the area where the construction companies were located. The results showed that shortage in labor, confusion of information, and the work without facility manager instrucions were associated with the locations of the construction companies and the seismic intensity of the foreshocks and mainshocks at those locations.

 Some evacuation routes from a building may consist of sidewalks and crosswalks. In this work, the risk of street crossing by pedestrian evacuees is explored by our simulation experimets and safe road crossing manners are discussed. It has been found that there is a chance of some portion of pedestrian evacuees colliding with oncoming vehicles on a crosswalk before they reach the other side of the crosswalk due to a short green signal period for pediestrians. It is hence proposed that for realizing safe street corssing by pedestrian evacuees, the period for both pedestrians and vehicles to stop simultaneously should be set longer than present to provide an ample time for all of the pedestrian evacuees to cross the street completely and the green signal period for vehicles should be set shorter by an amount in which vehicle traffic congestion on the street is not cuased so that many more pedestrian evacuees can cross the street in each green signal period for pedestrians which in trun to reduce the number of pedestrian evacuess in a crossing waiting area who may block the evacuation route from the building to the crosswalk.

 The Kumamoto earthquake with the Japanese seismic intensity scale of 7 caused extensive damage. In the aftermath of the earthquake, lifelines were disrupted and daily life became difficult, but it is expected that natural resources can be utilized to improve disaster resilience, that was defined this as green resilience (GR). We carried out questionnaire surveys to clarify the reality and importance of GR for the resident’s association in Tsubakigaoka and Minamiaso village, and got 20 answers from both regions. Differences were observed in the use of water and food. In urban areas, the use of water from evacuation centers and water trucks was significant, and water was scarce, but in rural areas, water from springs was used and water was not scarce. In urban areas, people tend to rely on evacuation centers and external support for food, but in rural areas, each household has sufficient reserves and uses them. In rural areas, the potential and utilization of natural resources are high, and the disaster resilience of the region is high.

 Consider strengthening the welfare space of general shelters and improving for evacuation shelters for autistcs. Specifically, hearing survey will be conducted on practical examples of structuring during in ordinary times and during disasters at support facilities for people with disabilities and special needs schools. In addition, a questionnaire survey will be conducted on the implementation of structured teaching at home for people with developmental disabilities and their families. Furthermore, by applying the structure of the TEACCH program, which is one of the treatment methods for autistic people during in ordinary times, to the space of general evacuation shelters, we will clarify the possibility of strengthening the welfare space and improving the evacuation environment. Based on the results of hearing survey and a questionnaire survey, we will propose a concrete example of applying the structure of the TEACCH program to the space of an evacuation center during a disaster.

 The Nankai Trough earthquake, which is said to have a 70-80% probability of occurring in the next 30 years, is expected to cause enormous damage in the Shikoku region. There are about 3, 000 large and small islands in the Seto Inland Sea, and the common problem of these islands is that the population is declining and the population is aging significantly. On the island, stone walls are built on gentle slopes to build houses and fields, and the roads are narrow and steep. In the event of a large-scale disaster, many of these islands may not be able to receive support from the basic municipalities due to damage to port facilities or suspension of operating vessels.

 The islands of the Setouchi Sea are also the setting for the Setouchi Triennale of Contemporary Art, which will be held every three years from 2010. On Ogijima, we created an evacuation map that shows the awareness of disaster prevention among the islanders and the tourist and evacuation sites for tourists. The workshop of the islanders' evacuation map creation process increased the closeness between the islanders and increased the momentum for building a mutual support system for the elderly on the island during normal times. Activities are being carried out to create a map of this mutually supportive system and utilize it even in the event of a disaster. Furthermore, as a development of this, a demonstration experiment on the ideal state of the island for the future using IoT has also started. This paper describes examples of these efforts.

 Recently, personal awareness and community disaster prevention abilities against flood risk need to improve because of intensifying and frequent heavy rains and floods. To clarify the factors affecting changes in community disaster prevention abilities over the past ten years, the authors analyzed questionnaire surveys that were conducted twice for all residents' associations in Shiga prefecture.

 As a result, residents' associations that contacted with community flood control team or local government frequently or that checked a flood hazard map in detail tended to improve all the elements of the community disaster prevention ability. In addition, a positive relationship was found between the change in the presence/absence of a community disaster prevention group and the evacuation guidance activity by residents association during the high-risk situation of flooding.

 Disaster prevention education was carried out in an elementary school. Because each school area has a character of its own, experience needs to be accumulated in making education plans that include the actions needed for students to save themselves. Through participant observation and a questionnaire survey at an elementary school with a risk of sediment disaster, we discussed how to make a time-line that is a personal action plan for the case of sediment disaster. The survey revealed that disaster information, the trigger to evacuate, and package design for the creation of a pleasant atmosphere are important factors.

 Typhoon No. 21 in October 2009 brought torrential rains to the southern part of the Kii Peninsula and did not cause external flooding of the Shingu River. However, about 1,000 households in the inland area were damaged by inland flooding due to the simultaneous occurrence of the peak river level, peak rainfall within the tributary river basin, and peak tide level. The purpose of this study is to understand the hydrological and hydraulic characteristics of the main and branch rivers that caused secondary inland flooding, and to propose measures to mitigate inundation damage based on these factors. We have clarified the causes of secondary inland water inundation from hydrological and hydraulic data, and summarized the actual damage from a questionnaire survey of the victims at the time. In addition, a model was developed to estimate the detailed damage. We estimated the amount of damage caused by the target typhoon and confirmed the effectiveness of disaster mitigation measures. It was found that the damage was reduced by several disaster mitigation measures, after we had estimated the past flood damage. The results of this study are expected to show the effectiveness of the project in promoting disaster mitigation measures in the objective areas.

 Due to forest dilapidations in recent years, sediment yields from a slope and slope collapsing risk are increased. In addition to devastating sediment disasters such as happened in Kii Peninsula flooding in 2011, continuous sediment runoff following to such disasters causes riverbed aggradation and revetment damage under normal flood period, which seriously threatens safety level of flood control. Thus it is important to clarify the relationship between precipitation and sediment discharge.

 In this study, we analysed the relationship in the Otonashi River basin, a tributary of the Kumano River in Kii Peninsula, and tried to derive a critical hourly precipitation, that is effective to yield sediment discharge. From the analyses, the critical hourly precipitation can be found around 15mm/h or 20mm/h. Moreover, by applying the critical hourly precipitation as a cut-off value to the accumulated precipitation, a linear function between the adjusted precipitation and sediment discharge becomes clearer. These concepts were also applied to the observational results in the Nishidani and the Kumanogawadani river Basin, tributaries of the Tonda River adjacent to the Kumano River, then we showed the proposed linear function can estimate sediment discharge in accordance with a rainfall event reasonably well. Although the coefficients of the function vary from one river basin to another, the concept can be useful to estimate sediment deposition within a river section after normal flood roughly but quite easily.

 This study aims to consider future living styles based on a case analysis of urban areas with well transportation convenience and high risk of flood disasters. First, the residents' questionnaire survey clarified the changes in people's awareness of choosing a place of residence. Then, a comprehensive land information system analyzed residential land demand and value changes.

 Results showed that people tend to choose their homes with more emphasis on transportation convenience than flood disaster prevention even after flood disaster risk information has attracted attention. Also, measures to protect houses from flood risk are not sufficient. In addition, it became clear that real estate transactions related to residential land are not active except in convenient areas. Thus, in light of the recent rapid population decline and aging problems, it is realistic to create a rule to protect houses from disaster risks while maintaining the current urban structure.

 The following article has been retracted at the authors’ request, because of potential problems with the data that had used for drawing some figures used in the manuscript.

 Michiyuki HIROKANE, Takahiro ENDOU and Kazuaki NISHIWAKI: EFFECT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND DISASTER PREVENTION EDUCATION IN THE TORRENTIAL RAIN SIMULATED EXPERIENCE APPLICATION, Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser.F6 (Safety Problem), Vol. 72, No. 2, pp. I_35-I_40, 2016.