This paper reports the current status and tasks on disaster mitigation and preparedness for constructing resilient society, and shows case examples mainly in the Japanese architectural field. First, we explain the current status on the difficulty for estimating accurately the possibility of large earthquakes and the consequent damage, in order to understand the necessary to introduce the levels of earthquake, damage and risk management. Next, as case examples of the disaster mitigation, we show the maximum considered earthquakes and the ground motion for building design, by considering Nankai-Trough earthquake. Finally, as case examples of the disaster preparedness, we introduce the various activities for reducing earthquake disaster in the Shinjuku station area.

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 Disaster prevention expert has increased in various fields of the society, working as a disaster prevention leader of the region are expected. In disaster prevention expert research field, some of the studies have been made with respect to disaster prevention expert of the role and training efforts, it has not been sufficiently studied motivation of people who aim to acquire the disaster prevention expert. Therefore, we, using a questionnaire, along with performing a comparative analysis of the determinants, and to clarify the factors that influence by logistic regression analysis.

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 There were many problems arising during the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. Local government did not fully function due to un-development of BCP (Business Continuity Plan) or staff shortage. brought confusion to the disaster response. On the other hand, the Nankai Trough earthquake has been anticipated in Shikoku. Kagawa Prefecture is the disaster management base facility of Shikoku in this earthquake.
 In order to prepare for the Nankai Trough earthquake, we have proposed the concept of Kagawa DCP (District Continuity Plan) and 5 functions required for Kagawa DCP. In order to sasitfy these five functions, it is important to develop the local government BCP for inter-organizational cooperation and to develop human resource with cooresponding capacities in the disaster. As one of activities, Kagawa Prefecture and Kagawa University are developing BCP considering the concept of DCP. And they also carry out a training project of local government staffs to implement the BCM (Business Continuity Management).
 In this paper, we discuss local government measures and challenges to prepare the Nankai Trough earthquake from the the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake lessons.

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 In the Great East Japan Earthquake, many people suffered from it at school that had been thought to be safe. This situation was unexpected. Personnel training for the school staff of a school to develop the disaster prevention competency such as an appropriate judgment, decision making, the action for a sudden accident and disaster is necessary to cope with such an unexpected situation. A specific feature of the disaster prevention competency is not clarified. Therefore, we should examine what is effective for the improvement of the disaster prevention competency to execute an effective personnel training.
 In this study, training person's eye movement is measured by using the disaster situation reproduction, the responsive capability training system, and EMR, and the feature of the eye movement is analyzed. Trainers are classified by their disaster awareness and knowledge, the feature of the eye movement of each group is clarified, and whether the analysis of the eye movement can be used as indication of the disaster prevention competency is examined.

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 In the field of road safety represented by a car or a plane, the danger foresight training using CG and the simulator which assumed a scenario tied to an accident as education to evade an accident is carried out positively. It is said that simulated experience is effective as for the education to improve sensitivity to danger in this way. Therefore, in this study, I developed torrential rain simulated experience application using the augmented reality. Furthermore, practice structure of the disaster prevention education that suggested for citizens in a disaster prevention drill carried out in right above Elementary School on November 29, 2015; the relations of sensitivity and the refuge action to danger a human being recognition reliability model (HCR) I inspected it using Human Cognitive Reliability).

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 An action to disaster prevention on concept of timeline begins to be accomplished in the local government. In dormitory of our school, it has begun to work for the development of the system of disaster prevention on concept of timeline. We were hit by the Kumamoto earthquake in April, 2016. However, thanks to disaster prevention on concept of timeline and disaster prevention education, correspondence was smooth after a damage. On the other hand, a lot of problems are found, too, and it was found that we should set it before a damage.

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 The risk management in the heavy rain disaster which occurs frequently in recent years becomes the urgent problem. Flood damage has occurred in Joso city, Ibaraki Prefecture by 2015 September heavy rainfall disaster in Kanto and Tohoku area. Emergency restoration for business continuity were performed at the school or the day-care center which received a flood damage. We were conducted the interview survey for staff of the school or the day-care centers affected by a heavy rain disaster about the disaster situation and the response of post-disaster. It's follows that it became clear. Teaching staff that gatherd urgently while evacuation directive was announced had to take refuge after school began to be flooded. There was cooperation for volunteers with the technical ability, so early school resumption became possible.

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 At the time of disaster, the construction campany is quickly it is necessary to correspond. It is necessary to utilize the construction industry BCP and a Timeline to accommodate natural disaster risks diversification of region.
 In this paper, we tried to start a cooperation project with four construction campanies to construction of regional disaster response system that uses the construction industry BCP and a Timeline in Naka, Tokushima Pref. As a result, regional disaster response system for the typhoon was constructed by the cooperation of four construction companies by using the construction industry BCP and a Timeline.

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 BCP; it is configured suppose outages of organization, evaluate the priority about core operation and develop the plan to continue them. BCM; it is configured BCP and PDCA activities and it has been used as an educational method of activating the organization. The goal of this paper is to clarify the actual situation of the BCP of the public organization and proposal of effective BCMS.

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 In recent years, now word "resillience engniering" paid attention to by many people. The resillience engniering is necessary function (four capability, respond, pay attention to, anticipate, and study), and then quantitative evaluation becomes important to measure its effect. However, the definition of resillience response is difficult, therefore the establishment of quantitative evaluation method is difficult.
 In this study pourpose, we reproduce resillience response using participatory evacuation simulation and try quantitative evaluation. Specifically, targeted for the office floor, The human evacuation behavior at the time of the accident equipped with resillience response ability is assumed and the quantitative value of the resillience response is considered using refuge completion time.

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 In this research, we do a questionnaire-survey about the disaster prevention consciousness of the local government staff in Osaka Prefecture and we evaluate the resilience capability which is necessary for the accident conformance.
 Then, we analyze the ability to be broken in the response capability of the staff in the present in case of the accident and we propose a countermeasure toward the response capability amelioration of the staff in case of the accident.

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 This research aims at cooperation with a localness construction firm necessary to the initial motion correspondence which is at the time of accident occurrence and emergency restoration in a town office located in a mountainous region in Osaka hokusetsu area and proposes resilience evaluation technique of a construction firm.

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 Because volcanic disasters are infrequent to occur, government officials and local residents, such as there is a disaster experience is very limited. In addition, a phenomenon that occurs due to the eruption, it is diverse and characterized by their scale wide range, it is difficult to image the disaster situation at the time of the volcanic eruption. For this reason, towards the resilience strengthening of volcanic disaster, by role-playing system, which can simulated experience of the disaster situation, is hands-on disaster prevention training has been effective. The Asama, by the volcano disaster prevention council, and the role-playing system disaster prevention drills volcanic eruptions have been held nine times since 2008 up to now. In this study, we analyzed the results of the past nine Asama role-playing system disaster prevention training, resilient communities (organization, human resources) to the volcano disaster extracts the Problem for making, we propose a solution.

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 To mitigate damages of Nankai trough earthquakes, disaster prevention and preparation are necessary in several approaches. In 2011 Tohoku earthquakes, many schools were damaged and the teachers suffered in serious situations. For disaster prevention and preparation in schools for special needs education, first of all, we should know what are the current preparations in the schools and what kind of situation they will face during the earthquakes. In this study, acivities of schools for Special Needs Education are discussed in Kagawa based on the experiences in Ishinomaki during 2011 Tohoku earthquakes. Preparation of school bus evacuation shows difference among the schools. Sharing the experience among the scools will be one of effective ways to be in advance.

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 An early restoration of road networks in devastated areas is required after large-scale earthquake disasters. Therefore, strategic restoration schedules have to be developed before the disaster occurs. Moreover, disaster prevention organizations such as road administrators and road users have to achieve consensus in cooperation to recover immediately. Our previous research studies have developed the district impact analysis (DIA) support system to support consensus building and decision making among them. The DIA support system can simulate road network restoration and optimize task allocation and scheduling.
 This study attempts to develop road network restoration schedules of Shikoku's Takamatsu area after the Nankai megathrust earthquakes. Specifically, four case scenarios of restoration schedules based on the guideline of road obstacles elimination in the Nankai trough earthquake, published by an administrative agency, are developed using the DIA support system. Furthermore, we compare these four case scenarios and discuss strategic restoration schedules in this area. Through practical application examples of the DIA support system, we also discuss this system's usefulness.

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 A Japanese disaster medical assistance (DMAT) was established in 2005, and a doctor can treat a victim of a disaster thanks to DMAT's cooperating in case of the great east Japan earthquake. But collapsed buildings disturb first aid activity in case of a large-scale earthquake. A doctor-heli is being deployed in the whole country because isn't influenced by road condition but it isn't deployed in Ishikawa-ken. So it's necessary to immediately consider medical emergency simulations at the time of earthquake occurring.
 I simulated arrival-time from emergency medical care centers which deploys doctor-cars to elementary and middle schools which is a refuge place at the time of a disaster, on this study. From that result, I set apportionment areas at the time of an earthquake of doctor-car and doctor-heli.

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 Metropolitan area capital function is concentrated, it is repeated a large number of people move every day, supported by large-scale transportation system for the railway as a representative. As soon as largely dependent on people in rail transport is moving means has been disrupted by the earthquake disaster, etc., will return home forced the situation by walking.
 The present study is to clarify by simulation move distribution status of each elapsed time of coming home person and stranded commuters due to the concentration to walk from Tokyo the five central wards of Tokyo to Kanagawa Prefecture side of the daytime population, in return home support object along the road, building collapse, influence and a large amount of walk return home's due to spread of fire was to quantify the analysis and risk about the challenges caused.
 In particular, he took up the toilet and food issues that are expected to be serious problems at the time of the capital directly under earthquake. For each problem, we consider the fill rate and require stockpile such as the number from the results obtained from the simulation.

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 The purpose of this study is to discuss the ways of natural disaster risk reduction based on the traditional local knowledge. In this study, we focused on the location of 1,215 shrines in Kohchi Prefecture and Tokushima Prefecture in order to uncover the profile of space accumulated in the community. More specifically, a survey about the location of shrines and the disaster risk potential of tsunami caused by Nankai Trough earthquake showed that many shrines escaped disaster hazard area. And by the investigation of the history and origin of each shrines, we have extracted that all of Engi-Shikinaisha(shrines listed in Engishiki laws) are located at out of the disaster hazard area.

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 In order to produce no victim even when the flood that exceeds the target of river improvement, it is important that the residents to evacuate quickly and safely. Flood disasters were analyzed using numerical simulations for three different floods. From the calculated inundation depth and the flow rate, we presented the required area of evacuation and the high probability of houses completely destroyed area, and suggested for the desired evacuation procedure.

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 In this study, we conducted a numerical analysis of the debris flow that was occurred in Nagiso town, Nagano Prefecture in 2014 aiming at building up a general method how to determine the calculation conditions. The results showed that it was important to settle the accumulation state of sediments above the sabo dam and the debris flow hydrograph so as to express the growing process of debris flow appropriately. Reproducibility of the debris flow flooding was improved by considering the structure, on the other hand, the land use had not so much influence on the behavior of the debris flow. In future, it is desired to define risk indexes based on the various anticipated scenarios of debris flow by performing some numerical analysis.

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 It is expected that the Shikoku erea district will suffer big damage by a massive earthquake in Nankai Trough in the near future. The evacuation centers for vulnerable people should be strengthened. The purpose of this research is to promote maintenance in the evacuation centers a senior citizen and a person with disabilities can use surely. It was questioned about targeted for 263 evacuation centers for vulnerable people of in four prefectures of Shikoku. It became clear that there are its result and a possibility that evacuation centers for vulnerable people can't be established.

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 To evaluate of variation of damaged population by tsunami attack, an evaluation method considered dispersion of walking speed and run-up tsunami velocity is presented. The damage population is evaluated using area-wide mesh. In evaluation examples for a model area, variation of the number of damaged populations by the number of installed and location of tsunami evacuation facilities are indicated every mesh. Also, the damage population by the differences of refuge consciousness to tsunami are shown.

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 In Japan, a lot of natural disasters are expected to occur such as typhoon, heavy rain, heavy snowfall, flood, sediment disaster, earthquake, tsunami and volcanic eruption.
 Japan is easy to occur from natural conditions such as the position, the topography, a geological feature and weather.
 Problems that Japan has includes the declining super aging society.
 The aging of Japan progressed to the world at speed not to watch an example and invited super aging society in 2007. With it, the number of "need of nursing care elderly people" needing care increases. Such examples that a tower required suffers from by natural disasters inside at the disaster including the elderly person occur frequently, and it is found by natural disasters that we find security, the relief of these people. At disasters outbreak, it is expected that the people who are behind with evacuating increase. In considering the disaster prevention measures of our country, we cannot ignore distribution of senior citizens and commuting to hospital situation of senior citizens in the future.
 In this study, we analyzed the distribution of the patient according to the disease and clarified suffering possibility and a victim attribute. In addition, we conducted a simulation of evacuation behavior for vulnerable people to disasters using a National Health Insurance database (KDB). Furthermore, we clarify it about the physical quantity of the support to be necessary at the time of suffering. We grasp the place where an elderly person and a person requiring nursing care live in by these analyses and a kind suffering from of illness and consider it from the viewpoint of medical care to future disaster prevention measures.

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 The present study is to estimate the reliability for the seepage failure of the levee considering the uncertainty of the geotechnical characteristic and the probability of occurrence of the floodway water level in a year at the same time. It has aimed to calculate the annual probability of the levee failure caused by the circular slide due to the rise of water level. For this purpose, the fragility curve was first obtained by the probability of the seepage failure using the stochastic finite element method incorporating the uncertainty of shear strength. Furthermore, the hazard curve of the annual exceedance probability derived from the observational data of the floodway water level was determined. Using these results, the annual probability density of the failure of an existent levee under each water level and the annual probability the failure were calculated. Based on these results, it is suggested that the safety of the levee is able to be made quantitatively evaluated by the reliability index and/or the failure probability.

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 It is important to promptly understand the condition of a facility in a port stricken by a major earthquake, etc. for the purpose of attempting quick transport of emergency goods and recovery of port functions. In this study, we focused on the concrete superstructure of a pier to review applicability of a method of investigation and analysis using an electromagnetic radar, as an alternative to direct visual inspection by an inspector, a diver, etc. from the vessel as a traditional method.
 The existing superstructure of a pier was tested by using a 3D electromagnetic radar to compare the condition of the actual structure with response from the radar data. As a result of test and analysis, results that indicate the possibility to estimate the approximate condition around reinforced steel on the bottom of a slab were obtained. We also reviewed advantages to utilize this method in the field site of facility management.

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 Currently, the bridges which were built in period of high economic growth are accounting for about 40% of all bridges and the deterioration of the high-strength bolts has become the important problem. The impact acoustics method is one of the diagnosis methods of the axial force. The impact acoustics method is low risk, low cost and easily work. However, the impact acoustics method that rely on the experience and intuition of a skilled technician has problems such as lack of skilled technician, establishment of a method that can accurately efficiently diagnosed in unskilled technician is required.
 In this study, we hit a high-strength bolt with a hammer, to obtain the frequency data from the waveform data of impact vibration. Moreover, we obtain attenuation rate from the original sound waveform data. To diagnose the axial force of the high-strength bolts by using the Machine learning, and compared the recognition accuracy.

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 Valve is a critical device to control fluid flow as an in-plant installation. However, much accidents due to an out-of-control valve have been reported in the past. One reason that the valve will become out-of-control is a Fixation-damage due to corrosion. It is important to evaluate the structural integrity of valve installed in plants because a fixation-damage causes serious accidents. For the purpose of developing a structural integrity monitoring system of valve, an attempt is made in this study to classify structural integrity of valve from vibration image data by using convolution neural network.

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 Rollover accident of fishing boats occurred in Tsushima, Nagasaki Prefecture between 3 and 4 am on Sep 1th, 2015 due to a strong wind gust attack. Actually, if the strong wind gust including a tornado occurs at night, we cannot visually and clearly recognize a dangerous situation such as the approach of the tornado. Moreover, it is extremely difficult to predict the occurrence of the wind gust. Therefore, it is very important to provide a useful tool for recognizing a wind gust event such as tornado attack.
 This study investigated rainfall intensity features related to the wind gust events (54 events) caused by frontal activities in Western and Eestern Japan between 2007 and 2013, on the basis of weather radar analysis. From these results, it was found that aproximantely 80% of the total wind gust events accompanies the distribution of strong radar-based rainfall intensity more than 80mm/h at the timing of a wind gust occurrence within the designated narrow area (the width of 0.2 degree in longitude and latitude) determined in ahead. This implies that the distribution of strong rainfall intensity appear near a dominat wind gust region. Moreover, when the area for the detection of the strong radar intensity was expanded into the width of 1.0 degree in longitude and latitude, it was also found that approximately 70% of the total wind gusts events was detectable in the wide region within an hour before the occurrence of these wind gusts.
 These results show that the detection of strong radar intensity distribution using a weather radar is effective for decision-making of the evacuation from a wind gust including a tornado related to frontal activities within an hour before the occurrence of these wind gusts.

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 According to the analysis conducted on the cases involving such casualties, some workers were either killed or seriously injured when they inserted detonators and blasts into boreholes and mounted a steel arch support in a cutting face. For the purpose of evaluating the mechanism of rock fall at tunnel cutting face, this paper performed experimental tests that involved blasting to excavate a model ground of tunnel cutting face and then analyzed the stress state in the cutting face by using Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulation. In conclusion, the tensile stresses were generated at the bonds between rocks around the cutting face. Moreover, these tensile stresses remained even when the action of gas expansion due to blasting has completely finished. Therefore, it is suggested that the tensile stress opens cracks between the rocks while the stress disappears, after which the gravity acting on rock loosens it and finally causes rock fall.

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 Labor safety and health regulations include provisions on preventing danger due to falling objects, and prescribe equipment to prevent objects from flying in. In particular, specific regulations are set forth in Article 136, Paragraph 5 of Enforcement Orders for the Building Standards Act. The Guidelines on Measures to Prevent Public Disasters in Construction Work (Public Works Volume) of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism require measures such as prohibiting entry over a range of 75 degrees or more of elevation from the location where work is done. In other words, the area outside that range is regarded as a safe separation distance. However, this distance was checked with the Technology Investigation Section, Planning Department, Kanto Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and, as a result, it was found that the grounds for the distance are unclear, and there is no prior research. The purposes of this paper were to carry out demonstration experiments to clarify grounds for provisions suited to the actual situation during construction, and thereby show the validity of the provisions in Article 101 of the Guidelines on Measures to Prevent Public Disasters from Construction Work, and elucidate the mechanisms of flying distance. The results clarified the following mechanism: When an object falls freely, a double-trigger effect may occur due to collision once with the scaffolding baseboard, and while it continues to fall, the force of the baseboard trying to bend back, and due to collision with the crosspiece and the force pushing out due to bending of the single pipe made of metal. In this way, a large horizontal velocity can be produced, resulting in a flying distance greater than that usually encountered.

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