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Article type: Cover
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
S-5
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Matsujiro HAMASUMI
Article type: Article
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
761-765
Published: August 01, 1932
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The author has devised a new vacuum high-temperature-hardness tester. The new tester is made of a double walled glass cylinder ; the inner cylinder being graduated on its surface, it serves for the measurement of the height. A heating furnace made of quartz shell and tungsten filaments is hung in the glass cap which tightly fits on the outer glass cylinder. The test ball having an apple-like shape is hung at a constant hight by a fine manganin wire in the furnace, the temperature inside the furnace being measured by platin-platin rhodium thermo-couple. The manganin wire is caught between the carbon poles and electrically cut off at a desired temperature. All the leading wires are led through the glass cap. There is an anvil of white cast iron at the bottom within the glass cylinder. The ball drops down when it is cut on the anvil and rebounds, the hight of which is measured by the scale on the inner cylinder. The reading is the hardness number of this tester. The apparatus is evacuated to a degree of 0'000001〜 0'00001 mm of mercury column to keep the ball absolutely from oxidation. The degree of evacuation is simply estimated by a discharge bulb. The test ball having a diameter of 8 mm in the present test is simply made by turning and rubbing round the ball surface with special cylindrical bite having somewhat smaller diameter than that of the ball. Various kinds of iron and steel containing up to 1'2% of carbon were tested at various temperatures between the room temperature and 900℃. The hardness falls gradually in each case from the room temperature to 500℃, but it attains a maximum at 600℃ due to the blue- brittleness of iron. A simple relation expressed by an equation hd^m = C is found, in which h is the hardness number, d the diameter of indentation made on the ball surface, m a constant independent of the steel quality and C another constant which varies according to the carbon content of steel. The test was made accurately and conveniently with this tester and satisfactory results were obtained in the present research.
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Ryonosuke YAMADA, Kinji YOKOYAMA, Masatugu OKADA, Takesi TASIRO
Article type: Article
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
766-771
Published: August 01, 1932
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The phenomena of the age-hardening were studied with some nickel steels, silicon steels and nickel-chrome steels, containing up to 3 per cent of nickel. 4.6 per cent of silicon and 0.4 per cent of chromium, the percentage of carbon being about 0.1,which were quenched below A_1 point. The results of the experiments are summarised as follows : - The hardness in these steels increases with lapse of time at ordinary temperatures after quenching them below A_1 point, and slightly increases by heating them after ageing during a month, then rapidly decreases by tempering at higher temperatures up to 200℃ ; above that temperature the change in the hardness is not so significant. Both specific volume and electrical resistance increase by quenching below A_1 point, and the former decreases while the latter increases during ageing. Notch toughness decreases during ageing. The age-hardening in the alloy steels above mentioned is closely connected to the change of the solubility of carbon in α-solid solution either of iron and nickel or iron and silicon below A_1 point. By quenching below A_1 point the supersaturated α-solid solution with respect to carbon is obtained and during ageing at ordinary temperatures carbon atoms move towards certain points within the lattice of the α-solid solution and thus concentrate themselves ; this assembrage of carbon atoms causes the distortion of the lattice and therefore the hardening in steels. By tempering above 50℃ cementite molecules separate out of the solid solution and above 250℃ the formation of its space lattice takes place, these processes resulting in the softening in the steels.
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Kenji YAMASAKI
Article type: Article
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
772-775
Published: August 01, 1932
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The purpose of this experiment is to carry out some acoustic tests simply by means of water waves. Relative properties of water waves and sound waves have been investigated, and by that examining the characteristics of acoustic filters and intensifying horns, the theory deduced from acoustics has been compared with the result of experiments on sound waves. In view of the general coincidence of the theory and the experimental result, the author concludes that the acoustic experiments for the general character can satisfactorily be substituted by water waves.
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Tokusaku OMORI, Tsuneo TSUTSUMI
Article type: Article
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
775-779
Published: August 01, 1932
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In this paper, the formulae for discharge over rectangular weirs were deduced as expressions with coefficients for linear shapes, which were determined after the results of experiments on rectangular weirs of comparatively small sizes carried out in the hydraulic laboratories of the Ryojun College of Engineering and of the Engineering Department of the Kyushu Imperial'University.
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Masakichi ISHIKAWA, Hideo NAKAMURA, Hisato SHIRAMIZU
Article type: Article
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
780-781
Published: August 01, 1932
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The present experiment was intended to obtain the effects on the characteristics of a fan dynamometer, which would result from the rounding-off of the peripheral edges of the fan blades. The fan dynamometer used was the simplest one and had two plain blades of 104 mm square, which were attached to both ends of a straight tapered arm with a circular section of 20 mm diameter at the ends. The diameter of the fan could be set at 624 or 676 mm by shifting the attaching positions of the blades. Blades with the rounding-off radii of 0,1,2,3 and 4 mm, respectively, were tested at various revolutions from 400 to 2,000 per min. The dynamometer was fixed to a long shaft and situated in the centre of a fairly large chamber ; the effects of the surroundings were ascertained in a preliminary experiment to be practically negligible. Any unstable inflow of air into the fan was in no case detected. The results of the experiment are as follows : - The horse power absorbed varies as the x-th power of number of revolutions, where x = 2.93 for the smaller fan diameter and 2.98 for the larger. The rounding-off of the blade edges has no appreciable effect on these relations. Whereas the horse power diminishes with the amount of the rounding-off, i.e., 5% diminution for 1 mm rounding-off radius, 10% for 2 mm, 13% for 3 mm and 15% for 4 mm. These rates are practically the same for the both diameters of the fan dynamometer and at any revolution.
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Yuzo NAKAGAWA, Torao KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
782-789
Published: August 01, 1932
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As a supplement to the study on two-dimensional stresses of a circular plate, experiments were carried out on a circular plate applied with arbitrary three loads symmetrically at the right and left, and the distribution of stresses observed was compared with the theoretical computation. Further, for a circular plate under action of three arbitrary forces at circumference, the method of calculation using Airy's function is described, and the author additionally states that this method is generally applicable to cases under any external forces.
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Kotaro UHIRA
Article type: Article
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
790-800
Published: August 01, 1932
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The heat transmitting phenomena caused around the periphery of heat transmitting tubes when heated gas flows across the tubes were measured at various gas speeds as well as in various tube arrangements, and also the variation of gas temperature around the heat transmitting tubes was measured. From the results of the measurements, it was investigated that the heat transmitting phenomena at the outer surface of the tubes is mainly governed by the cooling layers produced around the periphery and it was possible to judge under what conditions the coolinx lavers will be attached around the circumference of the tubes. If properties of gas, diameters of tubes and the surface condition of tubes are considered constant, the generation of the cooling layers i.e. the conditions of governing the heat transmitting phenomena comprise two elements of the speed of gas and the arrangement of tubes. In the Present experiments, the relations of various factors within the above mentioned range of variations were minutely measured and it was possible to clarify the fundamental relations which are necessary for the determination of the arrangement of heat transmitting tubes.
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Kotaro UHIRA
Article type: Article
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
801-814
Published: August 01, 1932
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In studying the heat transmitting phenomena when heated gas flows across the periphery of heat transmitting tubes, the roughness of tube surface has been taken into consideration. In almost all expressions for the heat transmission hitherto publislaed, the roughness of the surface of beat transmitting tubes has been neglected, but the surface roughness of some degree actually exists in steam boilers and waste heat boilers ; for this fact it is necessary to ascertain the adaptability of these published formulae. In the present experiment, the heat transmission was first measured for tubes with smooth surfaces and the results were compared with those already published. Then, the measurement for heat transmission of tubes with rough surfaces was carried out under various conditions, and from these results the formulae for heat transmission different from those hitherto published have been determined.
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Masao SAWADA
Article type: Article
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
815-818
Published: August 01, 1932
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The computation for the heat transmission of a fin with uniform section by Mr.K.Sakai and the solution of fundamental expression for the heat transmission of an annular fin with varying section by Dr. Suhara were presented to the Joint Meeting on Applied Mechanics in November, 1931. The present author discusses herewith, in general, the solution of fundamental expression with cylindrical coordinates for a radial fin and also deals with the solution of fundamental expression for the heat transmission of bodies with varying conductivities or sections. In either the annular fin or the radial fin, the mathematical treatment being similar as it becomes after all the solution of harmonical series, the present paper is simply limited to obtain the solution of fundamental expression, and for the further details it is advisable to refer to Dr. Suhara's parer.
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Article type: Article
1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
819-
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
820-
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
821-822
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
823-824
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
824-825
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
825-827
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
827-829
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
829-
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
829-830
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
830-832
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
832-833
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
833-834
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
834-835
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
835-838
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
838-840
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
840-841
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
841-843
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
843-844
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
844-846
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
846-847
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
847-848
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
848-
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
848-849
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
849-850
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 184 Pages
850-851
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