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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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Kozo YOKOYAMA
Article type: Article
1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
1091-1101
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The Kawasaki electric power station, the property of the Imperial Japanese Government Railways, was put into operation in September 1930. This station was, at that time, not only the 'number one' in view of the capacity of turbo generators and boilers, but also in its equipment was the most improved and up-to-date in this country. Since its completion, however, several stations have been erected in which higher steam pressures and temperatures are employed. As the electric power generated in this station is for traffic purposes, it is necessary for the machinery to sustain loads changing from time to time, and consequently the station as a whole and the machinery installed therein had to be designed and constructed to meet the most exacting conditions of service as mentioned. It is worthy of note that two of the three turbo-generators and four sets among the eight boilers installed in this station are of home manufacture, having been designed and manufactured by the Nagasaki Works of the Mitsubishi Shipbuilding & Engineering Company, Limited. In this paper, the author describes fully the improvements made in the design, material and construction, as well as the process of manufacture, of the home-made machinery.
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Tokio SASAKI
Article type: Article
1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
1102-1107
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This paper reports firstly the formula for the coefficient of discharge of injection orifice which is composed of many elementary factors to the flow of liquid, secondly the relations between the coefficient of discharge and injection pressure, viscosity of liquid, length of orifice, slant on the edge of orifice and number of orifices etc, denoted by each diagram in the paper which is made by experimental works, lastly the process of jet pulverization into spray observed by the aid of photography and the mechanism of jet and spray considered after above observations.
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Yasusi NIITU
Article type: Article
1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
1108-1111
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The determination of the discharge coefficient of orifice commonly used to measure the rate of air flow must be most accurate. Many experimental data as to that of the pipe orifice have already been published, but those in the case of perfect contraction of air flow through the plate orifice are very few. In this paper the writer presents a new and acceptable datum on the latter, using German standard nozzles accurately calibrated by a direct air-measuring tank.
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Sigemasa YOSINO, Tiharu YAMADA
Article type: Article
1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
1112-1115
Published: November 01, 1932
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We have experimentally investigated what increment is caused in the coefficient of discharge for a triangular notch when the width of the channel of approach is not ample. The experiment was carried out under the instructions of Professor I. Oki who wrote an article entitled "Some Considerations on a Triangular Notch with Incomplete Contractions" (Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers, Japan, Vol.35 No.180,Apr.1932 p. 280.) The apparatus which we used consists of a thin edged right-angled triangular notch fitted at the end of the channel of approach of 30 cm wide in the first series of experiments and of 20 cm wide in the second series. The channel is 55 cm deep and 552 cm long. The volume of water passed over the notch was determined by means of calibrated tanks and the head was measured by a hook gauge. The results of experiments of the first series are shown in Fig.7 and of the second series in Fig.8 in the report (written in Japanese). Throughout the experiments we have noticed that when the head is very low the water clings to the edges of the notch and the discharge is greatly increased. If the down-stream side of the notch plate be coated with paraffin wax the stream contracts very finely, so that the coefficient of discharge becomes very small. For these two cases in each series of experiments we determined that the increment of discharge coefficient was due to the incompleteness of the side contractions, and concluded that the expression for correction of the discharge coefficient due to the incomplete contractions proposed by Professor I. Oki was nearly true within the limits of our experiments.
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Iwao OKI
Article type: Article
1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
1116-1120
Published: November 01, 1932
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In this paper the discharge coefficients for pipe orifices with sharp edges are calculated as a potential flow in two dimensions. From the results or experiments by Prof. Shogenji and those by Dr.Witte, the author supposes that eddy currents exist in the corners on the up-stream side of the orifice plate. A discontinuous surface with constant pressure is introduced into the potential flow in the corner cited above ; thus by the calculation the values of coefficient very close to the experimental values has been obtained.
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Otogoro MIYAGI
Article type: Article
1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
1121-1124
Published: November 01, 1932
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It is very difficult to solve the laminar flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in a curved channel directly from the hydrodynamic equations of motion and continuity. If the channel is enclosed with a solid boundary, such as a curved pipe made in the form of a coil, the solution is much more difficult and is almost impossible. So, the writer has intended to make the latter solution by an indirect approximate method assuming the pipe to be a combination of cylindrical annular channels with dimensional rules employing into it, and obtained the following equations, which determine the distribution of velocities over the cross-sectional plane containing the axis of the pipe, [numerical formula] where υ is the velocity of the flow at the point distant χ from the inner edge O of the pipe as shown in the annexed figure ; υ_0 is the maximum velocity ; υ_m is the mean velocity over the cross-section perpendicular to the axis of the pipe ; d is the diameter of the pipe ; R is the radius of curvature of the axis of the pipe ; m is the ratio of the radii d/2R ; ∂p/∂z is the rate of the depression of the pressure along the axis of the pipe ; μ is the coefficient of viscosity of the fluid ; and a is an empirical constant irrespective of the dimension which is equal to about 1620. The distribution of the velocity υ is as shown by the curve OBA, with the maximum velocity υ_0 at the position N distant δ inwards from the centre M of the pipe, δ being calculated by [numerical formula] With the same Reynold's numbers and the same mean velocities, the viscous resistance is greater in a curved pipe than in a straight one by the ratio or 1+am to 1,and this is the same thing as the coefficient of viscosity being increased to (1+am) μ in a curved pipe as compared with μ in a straight one. Comparing the straight and curved pipes of the same diameters with the same discharge, the depression of the pressure along the pipe line is 1+ am times greater in a curved pipe than in a straight one, and for the same depression of the pressure the discharge in a curved pipe is 1/(1+am) that in a straight one. It is well known that in a straight pipe the critical Reynold's number calculated with the mean velocity is about 2000,while in a curved pipe it is very much smaller depending on the value of m, such as 130 for m=0.0089 according to the experiment carried out by Prof. Gibson, showing that the flow in a curved pipe is more unstable. All the above relations will easily be obtained if we use the criterion υ_md/υ(1+am) instead of using the Reynold's number υ_md/υ as is usually done. This criterion is obtained from the dimensional rule applied to a curved pipe, υ being the kinematic coefficient of viscosity of the fluid. Denoting this criterion by M, the critical state of the flow will be unified to occur at M=2,000,and the viscous resistance will be compared directly with the same value of M, for all kinds of pipes whether they are straight or curved. In all the above, 1+am may be replaced by b_ω if the exponential form is preferable, b being an empirical constant irrespective of the dimension which is equal to about 15.4^<113> according to Prof. Gibson's experiment above mentioned.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
1125-1126
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
1126-1128
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
1128-1130
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
1130-1131
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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1932 Volume 35 Issue 187 Pages
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