Journal of the Japan society of photogrammetry and remote sensing

In this paper, we investigate the land-vehicle positioning by DGPS/INS/VMS integration.Our main purpose of the present investigation is to integrate these systems and to develop the high precision positioning system in all circumstances, especially at the point of switching between DGPS/INS and INS/VMS by estimating the Vehicle Motion Sensor Error simultaneously in the case of DGPS/INS mode.

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A particular delay pattern in differential synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry is investigated by using upper sounding data and a numerical simulation technique. A JERS-1 pair of a humid windy summer scene and a dry autumn scene produces a large topography-correlated delay pattern. This topography-correlated delay shows linearity to topography that is mainly due to a wet delay. In this study, the static component of the atmospheric delay is calculated by using upper sounding data observed at a neighbouring station from the site. The result shows 14cm oneway delay corresponding to 3, 800m height difference, while 23cm in SAR interferogram, indicating a disagreement with SAR and meteorological data. A reason for this disagreement may be a distance between the site and the meteorological station. After removing the topography-correlated static component from the interferogram, there still remains a dynamic component caused by a wind. A numerical model, MRI-NHM, developed by Meteorological Research Institute, simulates atmosphere and the dynamic delay is evaluated. The simulation produces similar delay patterns of large scale and a wave-shaped pattern induced by a mountain wave. The simulation explains mechanisms to make these patterns. Although there are disagreements such as small-scale delay patterns and the wave length of the mountain wave, the study shows this simulation approach is promising for evaluatine the atmospheric delay, especially dynamic delay.

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