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Teruko Nakazawa
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
79-83
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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Masao Fukuda
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
84-88
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 has strong degradation activity towards polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are persistent environmental pollutants, and is a gram-positive non-spore-forming rod belonging to actinobacteria. It was derived from the same field, where lindane (γ-HCH) degrading bacterium was isolated by Senoo et al. The biphenyl degradation enzyme system of RHA1 catalyzing PCB degradation has unique features, such as (1) multiple isozymes are involved in each degradation step, and (2) degradation enzyme genes are distributed among five operons located on mega plasmids, suggesting that RHA1 degradation enzyme system have evolved based on the strategy different from gram-negative PCB degraders. Total genome analysis of RHA1 was performed in the collaborative research with the group in University of British Columbia (Canada), and genome sequencing of its mega genome of 9.7 Mb in total was finished in 2005. The results of genome analysis indicated the distribution of the above-mentioned isozymes and an extremely large number of oxygenases. In the collaborative research with Ogawa et al. in the National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences (Ogawa's current affiliation is Shizuoka University) comprehensive gene expression during the growth of RHA1 in a sterile soil was examined using DNA microarray technology. The results enabled us to identify the genes expressing specifically in a sterile soil.
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Kiwamu Minamisawa, Sachiko Masuda, Manabu Itakura, Seishi Ikeda
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
89-92
Published: October 30, 2008
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Masataka Tsuda, Eri Nishiyama, Masatoshi Miyakoshi, Satoshi Yuhara, Yu ...
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
93-97
Published: October 30, 2008
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Kimihiko Kato, Hiroyuki Iyozumi, Hideki Nukui
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
98-101
Published: October 30, 2008
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Shinji Tsuyumu, Takashi Fujikawa, Keiko Komai, Sachi Kimura, Setsuko K ...
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
102-105
Published: October 30, 2008
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Plants have been evolved to obtain the ability to induce the cascade of defense response upon exposure to wide variety of plant pathogens. Disease incidence, thus, should be considered as an exceptional event for the plants. One of the most important mechanisms leading to this exceptional event has been shown to be due to the suppression of the induction of defense response of host plants by the pathogen. At least in the case of bacterial pathogens, we found that this suppression was shown to be elicited by most of the avirulence (avr) genes. This rather unexpected finding (ie. dual function of avr genes) has opened a new strategy to construct the plant resistant to any plant diseases by escaping from the suppressor activity conferred by avr gene.
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Makoto Amari, Koki Toyota, Tajul MD Islam, Kazunari Masuda, Tetsuo Kur ...
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
106-113
Published: October 30, 2008
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Useful applications are anticipated for organic materials such as anaerobically digested slurry (ADS). In this study, the effects of ADS on soil-borne diseases were evaluated in soil culture and hydroponics using a pumice medium. The addition of ADS (10% w/w) to soil decreased the disease index of bacterial wilt in tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum from 3.3 to 0.2 (dead=4, healthy=0). The population of R. solanacearum in soil decreased more rapidly after an ADS application. The soil microbial activity measured by the dehydrogenase activity was enhanced by the application of ADS. The disease index of lettuce root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae was also reduced from 2.7 to 1.4 when ADS was applied to the infested soil at 20% (w/w). The addition of ADS had no inhibitory effects on the growth of tomato or lettuce; in fact, it resulted in increased growth. In a hydroponic culture using a pumice medium, an ADS application suppressed both the bacterial wilt of tomato and the damping-off of lettuce and spinach caused by Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani. It also delayed outbreaks of lettuce root rot. When an agar medium was added with filter-sterilized ADS, ammonia, and acetic acid, the growth of R. solanacearum and E oxysporum f. sp. lactucae was suppressed, suggesting that the chemical components in ADS have a direct suppressive effect on the soil-borne pathogens. These results indicated that ADS may function as an agent that reduces soil-borne diseases as well as an organic fertilizer.
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Kei Kawaura, Shigeto Otsuka, Masaya Nishiyama, Keishi Senoo
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
114-120
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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Isolation of genes from DNA in soil through culture-independent methods such as PCR and clone library screening is an effective approach to obtain genes or gene products of industrial importance from soil microorganisms, the large majority of which cannot be cultured. It is assumed that the use of a wide variety of soils differing in classification, land use, fertilizer/pesticide management, or soil treatment may enable the isolation of more diverse target genes. To verify this assumption, after incubation with and without addition of naphthalene and fluorene, the diversity of ring-hydoxylating dioxygenase (RHD) genes in a soil with long-term application of manure, a soil with long-term application of TPN/γ-HCH/manure, a coniferous forest soil, and a citrus orchard soil was examined. DNA was directly extracted from the above soils, followed by PCR-T-RFLP analysis targeting RHD genes. As a result, different T-RFLP patterns were observed among the four original untreated soils. Addition of naphthalene and fluorene changed the T-RFLP pattern in each soil, and the difference in the patterns among the four treated soils was more significant. Sequencing of the PCR products obtained from the coniferous forest soil treated with naphthalene and fluorene revealed the amplification of partial RID genes, and phylogenetic analysis based on the deduced amino acid sequences showed their diversity. These results supported the assumption described above.
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Yuko Suga, Kaneaki Hori, Sayaka Komori, Ayako Fukunaga, Jun-ichi Ikeda ...
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
121-125
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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Hitoshi Nakamura, Atsuko Sasaki, Koji Yoshida, Takanori Shimane
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
126-129
Published: October 30, 2008
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A baiting method using Lupinus luteus was applied to the relative estimation of the inoculum density of the white root rot fungus, Rosellinia necatrix in soil. Chips (20 g in dry weight) of dormant twigs of Japanese pear colonized by the fungus were serially diluted with 5 L of an orchard soil and incubated for a week. Thirty seeds of L. luteus were sowed at 5 cm intervals into the infested soil, and the plants were grown at 25 ℃ in a greenhouse during a month. Infection on the plants was then checked. Necrotic and/or rotten legions were observed on the hypocotyls and/or tap roots. There was a significant correlation between the dilution rate of the inoculum and the detection frequency of the white root rot fungus in artificially infested soil. This method is considered to be useful for estimating the inoculum density of the white root rot fungus in field soil.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
130-131
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
131-132
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
132-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
133-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
133-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
133-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
133-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
134-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
134-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
134-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
134-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
135-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
135-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
135-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
135-
Published: October 30, 2008
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Marylene Posas, Koki Toyota
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
136-
Published: October 30, 2008
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Yanetri Asi Nion, Koki Toyota, Takeshi Igawa
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
136-
Published: October 30, 2008
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
136-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
136-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
137-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
137-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
137-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
137-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
138-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
138-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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Dhanapati Neupaney, Masaki Watanabe, Hiroshi Futsuta, Maki Kimura, Shu ...
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
138-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
138-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
139-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
139-
Published: October 30, 2008
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[in Japanese], Peter Frenzel
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
139-
Published: October 30, 2008
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Guanghua Wang, Motoki Hayashi, Masato Saito, Kazunari Tsuchiya, Susumu ...
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
139-
Published: October 30, 2008
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
140-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
140-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
140-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
140-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
141-
Published: October 30, 2008
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
141-
Published: October 30, 2008
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
141-
Published: October 30, 2008
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
141-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2008 Volume 62 Issue 2 Pages
142-
Published: October 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
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