Soil Microorganisms

[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

2025 Volume 79 Issue 1 Pages 1-2
Published: April 01, 2025
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2025

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.79.1_1

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Promoting root nodule symbiosis through nodulation-enhancing rhizobacteria —Initiatives to reduce environmental impact and increase yields of leguminous crops

[in Japanese]

2025 Volume 79 Issue 1 Pages 3-9
Published: April 01, 2025
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2025

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.79.1_3

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Mitigating Global Warming in Agriculture: Recent Highlights on Cooling the Earth by Soil Microorganisms

Yong Guo, Hiroyuki Ohta, Tomoyasu Nishizawa

2025 Volume 79 Issue 1 Pages 10-18
Published: April 01, 2025
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2025

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.79.1_10

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Anthropogenic global warming is closing to the red line of the irreversible impacts on climate change. Soil microorganisms have multiple functions with great potential for greenhouse gas mitigation; however, these technologies have not been effectively applied on a large scale. This minireview aimed to awaken people’s awareness of the importance of soil microorganisms in greenhouse gas mitigation. In this paper, we introduced the current statute of global warming and reviewed recent highlights in microbe-based solutions to reduce nitrous oxide and methane emissions. In addition, we discussed the effects of soil management strategy on carbon sequestration in soil. Finally, we presented some novel approaches to the greenhouse gas mitigation and our vision for the development of new biotechnologies to further unlock the microbial ability of greenhouse gas mitigation. This minireview is also a call for immediate and decisive emergency action to curb global warming.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

2025 Volume 79 Issue 1 Pages 19-
Published: April 01, 2025
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2025

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.79.1_19

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Sustainable agriculture and crop symbiotic microorganisms

[in Japanese]

2025 Volume 79 Issue 1 Pages 20-22
Published: April 01, 2025
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2025

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.79.1_20

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Considering sustainable agriculture, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are symbiotic microorganisms to increase nutrient absorption by crops, are worthy of attention as alternatives to chemical fertilizers. Compared to conventional cultivation, natural farming, which does not use fertilizer, increases the involvement of symbiotic microorganisms in crops, and it has been found that certain groups of microorganisms are particularly involved in crop roots. It was considered that investigating the functions of these microorganisms individually in the future will contribute to sustainable agriculture from the perspective of reducing the environmental impact.

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Plant-microbe competition for survival —their interaction via chemical mediators—

[in Japanese]

2025 Volume 79 Issue 1 Pages 23-28
Published: April 01, 2025
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2025

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.79.1_23

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The ancestral cells of plants emerged about 1.5 billion years ago when primitive eukaryotic cells incorporated cyanobacteria. Since then, plants have developed an ever-maturing relationship with various microorganisms in the ecosystem. The competition for survival between plants and microorganisms has given rise to diverse relationships mediated by various compounds and that is thought to have been the driving force behind the diversification of plant and microorganism species. This article introduces three topics of plant-microbe interactions, which are either antagonistic or symbiotic relationships mediated by key substances.

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Re-identification of soft rot bacterial strains in Japan

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

2025 Volume 79 Issue 1 Pages 29-34
Published: April 01, 2025
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2025

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.79.1_29

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[in Japanese]

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Soil bacterial communities and diversity as affected by different tillage practices in maize cultivation systems on an andosol

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], Chiou Wan- ...

2025 Volume 79 Issue 1 Pages 35-46
Published: April 01, 2025
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2025

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.79.1_35

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Our understanding of the impacts of tillage practices on the soil bacterial community structure and diversity in crop production systems on andosols remains limited. Herein, we evaluated the soil bacterial communities and diversity under different tillage systems to identify management practices that effectively support sustainable maize production. Specifically, this study investigated the effects of 2-year different tillage practices (rotary tillage and no-tillage) on the community structure and diversity of soil bacteria in maize production systems in 2019 and 2020, respectively. We analyzed the soil bacterial community structure using Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing. Our findings revealed that Proteobacteria was the most frequent phylum (21.94%), followed by Acidobacteria (20.26%) and Actinobacteria (11.19%) regardless of tillage practices. In the diversity of soil bacterial communities, significant interactions between tillage practice and sampling year were observed for the number of ASVs and the Shannon index, while the Simpson index and evenness were significantly higher under no-tillage compared to rotary tillage. Additionally, as evaluated by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), differences in soil bacterial communities were distinct between rotary tillage and no-tillage practices. Furthermore, soil bacterial communities were positively correlated with electrical conductivity (EC), soil available phosphate, soil nitrate nitrogen, and the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP and ALP). Therefore, this study suggests that tillage practices, sampling years, and soil biochemical properties related to disturbance intensity significantly influence soil bacterial communities and diversity in the two-year maize cropping system on andosols.

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Soil bacterial communities and diversity as affected by different tillage practices in maize cultivation systems on an andosol —Part 2: Comparison of root-associated bacterial community structure and diversity in maize—

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], Wan-Yi Chi ...

2025 Volume 79 Issue 1 Pages 47-56
Published: April 01, 2025
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2025

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.79.1_47

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Our understanding of the impacts of tillage practice on the root-associated bacterial community structure and diversity in maize production systems remained unclear. This study evaluated the root-associated bacterial communities and diversity under different tillage managements to identify management practices that effectively support sustainable maize production. This study investigated the effects of two-year different tillage managements (rotary and no-tillage) on the root-associated bacterial community structure and diversity in the maize at the silking stage in 2019 and 2020, respectively. We analyzed the maize root-associated bacterial community structure using Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing. Our findings revealed that Proteobacteria was the most common (45.78%), followed by Actinobacteria (11.61%), Bacteroidetes (10.67%), Firmicutes (9.24%), and Verrucomicrobia (7.22%), accounting for more than 88% of all the phyla regardless of tillage practice. In the diversity of root-associated bacterial communities, significant interactions between tillage practice and sampling year were observed for the number of ASVs, the Shannon index, and evenness, while the Simpson index was significantly higher under no-tillage compared to rotary tillage. Furthermore, the rootassociated bacterial community structure in the maize evaluated by principal coordinate analysis significantly differed between rotary tillage and no-tillage management. Taken together, tillage management was a main driver in shaping the root-associated bacterial communities in the two-year maize cropping systems on an andosol.

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Detection and quantification of Diaporthe destruens from soil using real-time PCR with a novel TaqMan probe

Sato Erika, Hiroyuki Sekiguchi, Masato Kawabe, Shigenobu Yoshida

2025 Volume 79 Issue 1 Pages 57-63
Published: April 01, 2025
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2025

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.79.1_57

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This study developed a TaqMan probe (TP) real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for the detection and quantification of Diaporthe destruens, the fungus causing sweet potato foot rot, in andosols. The primers and hybridization probe set were designed based on the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region to specifically detect D. destruens DNA, but not the similar species Diaporthe batatas. The detection limit of the novel TP assay was verified to be 0.00005 ng DNA. Along a fungal density gradient created through artificial infestation of andosols, the TP assay showed that the greater D. destruens detectability compared to those of a qPCR assay based on SYBR Green (SG) staining. In natural andosols, the TP assay demonstrated 10-fold sensitive detection of fungal DNA than the SG assay in several samples. Thus, the newly developed TP assay is more suitable for the sensitive detection and quantification of D. destruens in andosols.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...

2025 Volume 79 Issue 1 Pages 64-68
Published: April 01, 2025
Released on J-STAGE: April 30, 2025

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.79.1_64

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