Soil Microorganisms

[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 40 Pages 1-2
Published: December 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.40.0_1

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Alginate Bead as Synthetic Inoculant Carriers for Bradyrhizobia

Rasti SARASWATI, Michiharu KOBAYASHI

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 40 Pages 3-8
Published: December 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.40.0_3

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Bradyrhizobium japonicum entrapped in a calcium alginate matrix (alginateinoculant) released the cells at constant rate, which enables bradyrhizobia to infect the host plants efficiently. Alginate-inoculant was more competitive for nodule formation than perlite- or liquid-inoculant. Alginate-inoculant could be stored for longer period than perlite-inoculant. Entrapping B. japonicum with phototrophic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas capsulata) in alginate beads could keep moisture of the beads, hence, extended the storage life of the inoculant.

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Microbiological oxidation of pyrite in acid-sulfate soils and effect of organic matter

Hiroyuki KATSUMATA, Tomio YOSHIDA

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 40 Pages 9-16
Published: December 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.40.0_9

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The acidification mechanism of acid-sulfatesoils distributed in Chiba prefecture was examined in terms of the activity of microorganisms. It was found that the soil pH decreased due to chemical oxidation of pyrite in the soils at the initial stages and to microbiological oxidation at the later stages of soil incubation. The pH did not decreased below a level of 3.5 by the chemical oxidation of pyrite. Thereafter the iron-oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus ferrooxidans) play a major role in lowering the pH of the soils due to the microbiological oxidation of pyrite. The role of Thiobacillus thiooxidans in the decrease of the pH in the soils used in this experiment could not be demonstrated. Organic matter application such as chicken manure inhibited both chemical and microbiological oxidations of pyrite, resulting to prevent the decrease of the soil pH. The population of the iron-oxidizing bacteria decreased and disappeared within 40 days after the addition of chicken manure.

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Suppression of Phytophthora Root Rot of Aralia elata by Fluorescent Pseudomonas

Norihisa HASHIMOTO, Masami YOSHIKAWA

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 40 Pages 17-21
Published: December 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.40.0_17

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Fluorescent Pseudomonas exerting on suppressive effect on Phytophthora root rot of Araliaelate plants were screened. Six isolates which showed an antibiotic activity toward the pathogen on PDA medium were selected from the rhizosphere soil of Aralia elata and Mentha pulegium. Three isolates (AE-10 from the former, MP-9 and MP-10 from the latter) which suppressed the disease were identified among the six isolates. Of the three antagonists, strains AE-10 and MP-9 promoted the growth of the seedlings of A. elata, while MP-10 inhibited the growth.

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Purification and Properties of Malate Dehydrogenase from Ammonia-Oxidizing Chemoautotrophic Nitrosomonas europaea ATCC 25978

Reiji TAKAHASHI, Masaaki KODAMA, Kazuo IGAI, Makoto KOBAYASHI, Tatsuak ...

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 40 Pages 23-31
Published: December 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.40.0_23

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Ammonia-oxidizing Chemoautotrophic Nitrosomonas europaea exhibited remarkable oxaloacetate-reducing activity with cosubstrates. During purification on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, a fraction containing malate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.37], i,e, MDH, was found. The enzyme protein was further purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 110,000 by gel filtration, suggesting that the enzyme consisted of two different subunits (α: 25,000, β: 36,000), as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE. The purified enzyme required eiter NADH or NADPH as a coenzyme. The isoelectric points on NADH or NADPH-linked MDH was pH 6.75. The pH and temperature optima on the NADH-linked enzyme activity (NADPH-linked enzyme activity) were about 7.0 (4.5) and 50℃ (45-50℃). The enzyme was stable up to 50℃ at both enzyme activities. It was active specifically for oxaloacetate but not for any other organic acids. It was activated by CuSO_4 and CoCl_2 at both enzyme activities. The activity of NADPH-linked MDH was strongly inhibited by PbCl_2, while that of NADH-linked MDH was not.

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Microbial, Physical and Chemical Changes in Field Soil Eliminated Pythium spp. by Aerated Steam

Motoaki TOJO, Takio ICHITANI

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 40 Pages 33-36
Published: December 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.40.0_33

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Phylogeny and ecology of Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Kiwamu MINAMISAWA

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 40 Pages 37-46
Published: December 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.40.0_37

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1992 Volume 40 Pages 47-
Published: December 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.40.0_47

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