Soil Microorganisms

Attachment and Antagonistic Ability of Bacteria Isolated from Chlamydospores of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani to Other Strains of Phytopathogenic Fusarium spp.

Koki TOYOTA, Makoto KIMURA

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 43 Pages 1-8
Published: March 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.43.0_1

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Attachment and antagonistic ability of three bacterial strains, isolated from chlamydospores of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani to the other strains of phytopathogenic Fusarium spp. were investigated. These strains colonized the phytopathogenic Fusarium spp. tested resulting in the decrease of the germination ability of their spores. Therefore, it was considered that these strains could colonize a broad range of phytopathogenic Fusarium spp. and reduce their activity in soil. To explain the attachment mechanisms of these strains to Fusarium spp., chemotaxis toward the exudates of the fungal propagules and some of their cell surface properties were examined. Two out of three strains did not exhibit chemotaxis toward the fungal exudates and only one, Pseudomonas stutzeri A18, exhibited a significant, but limited chemotaxis. Microconidia and mycelia of Fusarium spp. used were hydrophobic while the cells of Pimelobacter sp. A3 and P. stutzeri A18 were relatively hydrophobic. Microconidia of F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani had negative surface charges and the two strains had strong positive as well as negative surface charges. These results indicated that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions may be involved in the early stage of the attachment of bacteria to phytopathogenic Fusarium spp.

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Comparative Studies on Biodegradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol in Soil and in Liquid Medium

Mitsunori TARAO, Masayuki SETO

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 43 Pages 9-16
Published: March 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.43.0_9

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Biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), a microbicide, was studied in soil or in liquid medium. In pure culture of Pseudomonas sp. (DP-4), a DCP-degrader, DCP was degraded in soil only when a large amount (10〜100μg of DCP in terms of carbon content in a test tube containing lg of air-dried soil and 1ml of suspension of DP-4) of DCP was added, while DCP was degraded in liquid medium only when a small amount (0.1-10μg of DCP in a test tube which containing 1ml of suspension of DP-4) of DCP was added. Degradation of DCP was incomplete in soil, and a small amount,3.88〜3.30μg, of DCP remained, while degradation in liquid medium was complete. The numbers of DP-4 remained constant or increased compared with the initial ones, except when a large amount, 30〜100μg, of DCP was added in liquid medium. More than 95% of added DCP in soil was found in the solid phase. Moreover, DCP was degraded in soil by the community of soil-native microorganisms irrespective of the amount, 0.1〜100μg, of DCP added. On the other hand, DCP was degraded by this community in liquid medium only when a small amount of DCP was added. The amount of DCP remaining in soil was much smaller, 0.0082〜2.65μg, than that in pure culture of DP-4. These results suggested that DCP-degraders survived in soil and degraded DCP even when a large amount of DCP was added because the concentration of DCP in the liquid phase was remained low due to the adsorption of DCP in the solid phase. In liquid medium, DCP-degrader degraded DCP only when a small amount of DCP was added due to the lack of adsorption. It was suggested that some of the soil-native microorganisms were able to degrade a lower concentration of DCP than DP-4.

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Effects of Products derived from Heating Reaction of Sugar-Amino Acid Mixture on Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activity of an Ammonia-Oxidizing Chemoautotrophic bacterium, Nitrosomonas europaea ATCC 25978

Reiji TAKAHASHI, Koichi TATEISHI, Akiko TAKEMURA, Tatsuaki TOKUYAMA

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 43 Pages 17-27
Published: March 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.43.0_17

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The inhibitory effects of products derived from the heating reaction of sugaramino acids (HRPs) on the activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) of an ammonia-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacterium, Nitrosomonas europaea were analyzed. Unheated Rhamnose, Mannose, Ribose and Maltose inhibited the reductive amination (RA) activity, but not the oxidative deamination (ODA) activity of GDH. All the HRPs of sugars inhibited the RA and ODA activities. None of the unheated amino acids inhibited the ODA activity of GDH, unlike the RA activity. ODA activity was not influenced by the HRPs of sugars-amino acids in some cases, except for the HRPs of sugars-Trp. However, RA activity was inhibited by these HRPs in many cases, and was strongly inhibited by sugars-Thr, Trp and Met. The ODA activity of Nitrosomonas GDH was more stable than that of GDH derived from Candida utilis and Proteus sp. toward the effect of HRPs.

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The Structure and Expression of Chitinase Genes in Streptomyces

Takeshi FUJII, Kiyotaka MIYASHITA

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 43 Pages 29-37
Published: March 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.43.0_29

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On Some Assessing Methods of Microbial Materials for Soil Amendment Influencing on Microbial Environments in the Soil

Yokiomi KOMOTO

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 43 Pages 39-48
Published: March 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.43.0_39

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Crude fat Degradation by Mucor sp. Isolated from Fish-oil Polluted Soil

Naganori OHISA, Toshiyuki MATSUOKA, Akio IWAKAMI

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 43 Pages 49-52
Published: March 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.43.0_49

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 43 Pages 53-
Published: March 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.43.0_53_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 43 Pages 53-54
Published: March 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.43.0_53_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 43 Pages 55-
Published: March 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.43.0_55_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 43 Pages 55-56
Published: March 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.43.0_55_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 43 Pages 56-57
Published: March 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.43.0_56

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 43 Pages 57-58
Published: March 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.43.0_57

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1994 Volume 43 Pages 58-59
Published: March 01, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.43.0_58

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