Soil Microorganisms

[title in Japanese]

M. Saitoh

Article type: Article
2010 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 1-2
Published: April 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.64.1_1

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Effect of terrestrial cyanobacterial mat "Ishikurage" on the growth of Japanese pampas grass in infertile devastated soils

Nobuyuki Kohno, Kazuhira Yokoyama, Masanori Saito, Takuya Marumoto

Article type: Article
2010 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 3-10
Published: April 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.64.1_3

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To investigate the effect of the terrestrial cyanobacterial mat "Ishikurage" on the growth of the Japanese pampas grass, Miscanthus sinensis, we conducted a pot experiment with two infertile soils, granitic soil and volcanic deposits. "Ishikurage", composed of Nostoc sp., was collected from the campus of Yamaguchi University. Four experimental treatments were conducted: control, treatment with ammonium nitrate, treatment with dry sterilized "Ishikurage", and treatment with live "Ishikurage". After three or four months, total dry weight of plants in the treatment with live "Ishikurage" as well as that in the treatment with ammonium nitrate was higher than the control treatment. That in the treatment with dry sterilized "Ishikurage" was the highest of all. From the results of the nitrogen dynamics, it was evident that the increase of plant growth in these terms resulted from the uptake of organic nitrogen leached from the dry sterilized "Ishikurage" into the soil and the nitrogen mineralized from that in the application with a dry sterilized one. The increase of total nitrogen in the pot in the treatment with live "Ishikurage" was the highest of all. This demonstrates the excretion of nitrogen fixed by live "Ishikurage" and the mineralization of "Ishikurage" itself. From these results, it is anticipated that "Ishikurage" can be used as an effective natural material resource of nitrogen for the rapid recovery of vegetation in infertile devastated sites. Live "Ishikurage" effectively increases the total nitrogen in an infertile ecosystem.

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Isolation of the microbes inactivating Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), as naturally occurring beneficial bacteria in soil, and suppresive effect of soil-borne PMMoV diseases

Yasuo Ikegashira, Katsunori Noguchi, Hiroyuki Hamada, Shinya Tsuda

Article type: Article
2010 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 11-17
Published: April 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.64.1_11

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To create a new biological control technique for soil-borne diseases on pepper caused by the Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), we examined 253 microorganisms isolated from soils of plant-cultivated fields and inactivating pathogenic fungi. The screening was carried out by evaluating the suppression degree of PMMoV infection to pepper root. Three isolates, M-21, C-176, and BS-17, were selected from two hundred and fifty-three rhizosphere microorganisms. The isolates M-21 and C-176, selected as the most effective bacteria throughout the second screening by pot-inoculation tests, were identified as Bacillus megaterium and Ralstonia pickettii, respectively, on the basis of several biological properties and the identity of their 16S rDNA sequence. In the isolation field of a green house, the sole application of M-21 suppressed soil-borne PMMoV diseases. Furthermore, the combination of M-21 soil incorporation and root dipping into the C-176 suspension suppressed soil-borne PMMoV diseases more effectively.

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Enumeration of actively respiring bacteria in soil using the CTC-SYBR green I double-staining method

Noriko Ryuda, Xiaodan Wang, Daisuke Ueno, Koichi Inoue, Takashi Someya

Article type: Article
2010 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 18-24
Published: April 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.64.1_18

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The tetrazolium salt 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) has been employed for the detection and enumeration of respiratory-active bacteria in environmental samples. In this method, CTC was reduced by a respiratory chain to form CTC-formazan crystals, which were deposited intracellularly and were enumerated under an epifluorescence microscope. We evaluated a CTC-SYBR Green I double-staining (CTC-SG) method, by which both CTC-formazan particles and whole cells could be observed by CTC and SG, respectively. Pure culture studies of several Gram-positive and -negative bacteria revealed that one or more CTC-formazan crystals were observed in a single bacterial cell and extracellularly. Consequently, the conventional CTC method gave counts 1.2-1.6 times higher than the CTC-SG method, suggesting overestimation by the CTC method. A starved culture of E coil showed the presence of viable but nonculturable cells, as detected by the CTC-SG method after two weeks of incubation. The counts of metabolically active bacteria in upland and paddy soils by the CTC-SG method were 4.5×10^8-1.4×10^9 cells g^<-1> dry soil, which were as much as 10-12% of the total bacterial count and 1.5-5.2 times higher than the plate counts. These results suggest that the CTC-SG method gives more accurate counts of respiratory-active bacteria in soil samples than the conventional CTC method.

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Forms and biological cycling of soil phosphorus

Masae Takeda

Article type: Article
2010 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 25-32
Published: April 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.64.1_25

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Analysis of soil microbial community based on bioinformatics of T-RFs profile

Tomoyasu Nishizawa, Masakazu Komatsuzaki, Nobuhiro Kaneko, Hiroyuki Oh ...

Article type: Article
2010 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 33-40
Published: April 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.64.1_33

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Methods for analysis of soil communities by T-RFLP(Method)

Hirosuke Oba, Hiroaki Okada

Article type: Article
2010 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 41-48
Published: April 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.64.1_41

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2010 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 49-50
Published: April 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.64.1_49

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2010 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 50-51
Published: April 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.64.1_50

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2010 Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 51-52
Published: April 01, 2010
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.64.1_51

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