The renovation of Japanese traditional wooden houses created well-being of the residents. It is important as a means to achieve the resident's demand for a comfortable life, to bring up the family's rich communications, and to create success of the housing and local living culture. In this study, we conducted interview investigations about the renovation cases in nine nationwide regions and we defined that by discussion and partnership between residents and architects, a variety of practices were done for comfortable life and the succession of housing culture. We made a model kit of traditional housing renovation and a picture book to be used for housing education tools to consider the importance and the future lifestyle at schools and communities. Also we implemented some practices at a high school.

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After Meiji Japan was forced to abandon founding the“Shanghai Japanese settlement”, the rights for urban development in Shanghai were obtained by negotiating with the Chinese government In fact, the Japanese considered location, traffic conditions, and land values and they succeeded in their planning of urban facilities in the Shanghai Settlement But residence couldn't be constructed. Therefore, many Japanese lived in North Szechuen Road area, which was far from the settlement arm. This study demonstrates that in order to create Japanese-Style life, Japanese always took “TATAMI”into their homes although they rented from English owners.

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The purpose of this study is to grasp the process to re-construct of lives and residential environments in Yamakoshi, Nagaoka city after Chuetsu earthquake and to examine the conditions to sustain community in intermediate and mountain area. The contents of this study is composed of 3 research; questionnaires subjected in habitant of former Yamakoshi village, case study subjected inhabitant of present Yamakoshi area and case study subjected inhabitant to remove other area. From the results of those research, it become clear following points. To continue to live in Yarnakoshi is worthy for the elderly. On the other hand, some people remove to other place because of imperfection of infrastructure.

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In　recent　years,　many　people　with　their　children　removed　to　super high-rise　apartments　despite　of　the　unsuitable　circumstances　for the growth of children. In this study, we aimed to clarify the actual lives in super high-rise apartments from the viewpoint of the growth of children. In the first part, we showed the supply trend of super high-rise apartments which were subdivided in the last eleven years by developers in sector, in urban areas of Osaka city. In the second part, we analyzed the actual situation and consciousness of the residence of the child care households which live in the super high-rise apartments.

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This study deals with environmentally symbiotic housing for elderly people in Okinawa. Started from analyzing a concept of architect who designed this building, we proceed to make some research such as thermal environmental research and post occupancy evaluation by workers and users of the building. The purpose of this study is to prove the possibility of passive design for environment in semi-topical climate. Characteristic point of this study is the fact that architect himself joined this research as a chief member of the group. Therefore we could expect a future feedback to the design discipline of this field.

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In this study, a inventory of the yurts in East Ujimgin Banner of Inner Mongolia that are disappearing as nomads have begun to settle was conducted. In the region surveyed, while the number of yurts for daily living has decreased, there is a certain demand for yurts for long periods of while herds graze and for the winter season due to diversification of the cattle feed business. Further, it was confirmed that transition to large scale floor planning with multifunction dwellings is occurring as baisin, a kind of fixed house that was introduced in the late 1980's, have spread rapidly from the late 1990's to the 2000's. However, it is still necessary to review the introduction of housing that is appropriate for the grazing cycle, the number of people who use such structures, and the seasons during which they are used.

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This study examined how the residents in the Christian villages in islands of Goto and　Amami developed their local systems for spatial management as well as difficulties in　sustaining management which arose in the recent decades. It was concluded that,　1)Sustainability in Management relies on extensibility of each ”stakeholder”who　implement management activities and”space”to be managed; 2)this extensibility can　be assured only when the space is recognized as a commonplace and is beneficial for　more than one stakeholder; 3)open spaces in church compounds can also be recognized　that way when the space bares social values for non-Christian people.

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The De La Costa Homes Project for average and low income groups has been carried out very well by Freedom to Build in Metro Manila, Philippines. This paper analyzed the characteristics of the project, the development of site planning techniques, and the independent process of the community by decoding the records on residents' administration and residents' rules and the relationship between residents' conditions and the Roman Catholic Church (RCC). We examined the site co-operative management that attempts to connect community empowerment in the residential site for low income people.

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The aim of this paper is to capture the features of “the Age of the Games“ examining cases of the 2008 Beijing Games compared with the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, and to explore the influence of structural formation on these two megacities in East Asia. Although it is generally recognized that Beijing followed a similar development route as Tokyo almost a half century before, this research shows the differences of the two events from three dimensions, namely, city planning, economics, and social problems such as relocation.

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This paper clarifies the conservation methods of the historical housing environment by the Commission du Vieux Paris (CVP). The CVP was established by the City of Paris in 1897 as an organization for the registration and conservation of the historical buildings. Now the CVP consults its historical archives to review demolition permits filed with the city planning department As a result, the CVP has been an advisory body which is capable of building consensus with applicants, and implementing creative space preservation considering the needs and social context of each case carefully.

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This study demonstrates the planning techniques for urban rehabilitation and renovation used in the Eixample of Barcelona The overall conclusions of this survey are that 1) the volume of the planned housing blocks have increased four times since the original planning concept of I. Cerdá, 2) based on the Building Ordinance for Rehabilitation, the most important regeneration strategy is defined by the recovery of the patio within the planned housing block, and 3) the diversity of patios depends on the numebr of land owners and access from public roads.

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This study considers houses from the viewpoint of kahai (awareness of people and circumstance) distance required to allow for interpersonal communication. Using questionnaires, a survey was conducted to determine the relationship between housing need and residents' lives. It was found that mothers considered it important to be able to see the family from the kitchen and the living room. Moreover, experiments were conducted to analyze kehai and communication distance. It was determined that four meters was the distance that aiiowed people to communicate regardless of the direction of communication or the chores being conducted, etc. To test this distance, we examined specific houses for the rate of kehai and the rate of communication

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The aim of this research was to conduct field surveys on vernacular villages and dwellings of minority cultures of Laos and to determine ethnic spatial features by focusing on morphological similarities and differences of spatial compositions. The survey results are described individually. Then, discriminant analysis are made using Quantification Theory Type II, allowing morphological characteristics of a dwelling such as the form of roofs and floors, the positioning of terraces and the separation of rooms to be explanatory variables with four ethnic groups to be response variables. Moreover, this paper discusses the geographical influences on forms of dwellings through distribution states of ethnic minorities.

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Osaka Municipal Housing Corporation adopted a new rental system applied to unoccupied units in old housing estates. These units were rented to previous and new tenants ’without the requirement of restoring to original state’ clauses, ’hadaka-gashi’ and ’lease of second unit’ for the reduction of first stage costs. From analyses of the content and activities of tenants of this enterprise, it was obvious that this system included an excellent mechanism that provided affordable dwelling units constructed by tenants economically and spatially. The coexistence of old and new tenants and creating sustainability of the community in housing estates was also shown.

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[in Japanese]

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The standard planning type called 51C for public housing has long been regarded as the turning point of the prevailing style of dining-kitchen in Japanese housing, whereas in fact it is recently criticized for being the cause of enduring the nLDK type. Little has been known about how the 51C buildings were constructed and what they achieved in terms of residential style. Focusing on the existing 51 Cs in Fukuoka prefecture, the paper addresses the real image of 51C based on building surveys for keeping its record and the analysis of extant materials, and reveals its evolution in local cities.

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The aim of the present study is to clarify the relationship between Chinese classical-style furnishings and three elements of Shoin-rkuri: the tokonoma the tsukeshoin, and the chigaidana. We investigated the acceptance and transformation of the culture of Chinese furnishings, to which Shoin-zakuri interior design is attributed. After collecting and analyzing related historical documents, we conducted fieldwork to investigate the interior design of Chinese temple architecture, traditional residences and garden buildings. The findings clarified that the culture of Chinese classical-style furnishings imported through cultural exchange by Japanese monks who had studied in China did not become rooted in Japanese furnishings. Rather, independent development of this Chinese culture was observed in Shoin-:ukuri, which formed a culture of Japanese furnishings for interior architectural elements.

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To elucidate demographic characteristics and the difficulties of group homes for people with mental disorders, we conducted a questionnaire survey. Eighty-one percent of residents of group homes experienced schizophrenia Fifty-three percent of them moved from psychiatric hospitals. Thirty-six percent of those who left group homes went to psychiatric hospitals and 46% went to their houses. The care workers perceived high initial cost of group homes and received local government subsidies. They were afraid of denial from neighborhood of group homes and strove to have a good relationship between group homes and neighborhood.

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The effect on development of charm in multi-aged grouping care facilities was investigated by analyzing the summarized observation of daily children's behavior and questionnaires to the children's families. The children stayed in a day nursery that resembled a family home with a comfortable day-room, a dining-room with an open-kitchen, and bedroom. Living-time (meal, sleeping, and program-time) was shown to be the be chance to cultivate mutual understandings in a mix-aged and development community And during play-time, same-age groups and mall mix-aged group communities were shown.

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Difficulties of everyday life and medical needs are high among patients of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an incurable disease commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease. In this study, we conducted housing repairs for patients and inspected the effectiveness of these repairs. We investigated a case of a certain patient who moved from the hospital to his home and noted three disincentives. 1) It was difficult in the current social situation and welfare system to support the home life of the ALS patient. 2) Various obstacles were discovered in the search for houses, financing repairs, and the layout of the house. 3) Determining the maximum comfort and functionality as the house for both the patient and caregivers was challenging.

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Institutions and dwellings for social welfare have been changing into “housing models.” The model means physical environment for “ordinary”, “home-like” and the place where “independent” care is conducted by staff members. The key-words are not concrete and are difficult to share together. We surveyed the image held by staff members in such institutions in photos shot by them as suitable scenes to depict these key-words. The study shows the framework and structure of the image of these concepts of key-words.

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This research aims do an interim assessment of the effect of Russian Affordable Housing Program since 2006. In this paper, we focused on how the housing policy has affected housing affordability for Russian people. For that purpose, we calculated the housing affordability index in some areas Russian Federation, Moscow, St.Petersburg, Vladivostok and 9 administrative districts of Moscow. We showed that only 20% of Russian population could afford to buy new house. On the other hand, the affordability value of each administrative district of Moscow improved after the enforcement of housing program, depending on a geographical condition even in the price rise area. Furthermore, the estimation of correlation between the housing affordability elements and the population inflow showed that the donut phenomenon in Moscow possibly affected the effect of affordability value.

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This study discusses the traditional managers of private apartment houses in French metropolitan areas called Gardien(ne) . In this paper, we analyzed the original functions of Gardien(ne)s through the development process of the French management system. In addition, we revealed the actual situation of this profession through residents' evaluations and their working environments in French public housing . In the future it will be necessary to adjust the value of Gardien(ne)s and the personnel costs between the Gardien(ne)s and residents , and to improve the Gardien(ne)s' working conditions while maintaining the effective functions of traditional the management system , for the restructuring of this profession.

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The objective of this study is to develop a numerical, reaction-diffusion based model that predicted colony formation by taking into account the influence of nutrients, moisture, temperature, and the surface characteristics of building materials for various fungi. First, the results of fundamental experiments that measure the growth responses of colony size on culture media under various environmental conditions are presented. Second, the mathematical models that reproduce colony formation in indoor environment and the numerical simulation intended for the experimental conditions are discussed. The prediction results of mathematical models based on reaction- diffusion system are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.

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With coming of aged society in Japan, increasing number of elderly people begin to use the elderly welfare facilities. The suitable thermal environment is regarded as one of the requirements for users to live comfortably and healthfully. It is very important to improve the living environment of elderly for higher quality life. But the fundamental data on thermal environment for elderly people in daily life is insufficient in Japan and China. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of the thermal environment on the physiological of elderly people in welfare facilities, and to have knowledge on the type, situation of use and running time of air-conditioning. The facilities where elderly people live actually are research objects of the thermo humidity measurements and hearing surveys are conducted.

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The aim of this study is to suggest proper illumination and light colors for working in an LED lighting environment. During the first experiment, 500 [lx] was recommended by calculating 95% confidence interval of suitable illumination. During the second experiment, flicker value, distance of near point, visual acuity, and self-conscious fatigue were used for evaluating fatigue, comfort, readability and intelligibility. Results showed that colors with high purity were unsuitable for working and pale light colors with a little saturation except green are more suitable than white light color.

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It is worthwhile to review traditional lifestyles and behaviors as possible mitigating measures against climate change. Questionnaires were conducted during summer and winter in Gifu, Kyoto, Hiroshima and Saga, Japan. The details of lifestyle behaviors were found. Responses were classified into the three groups based on the amount of time that cooling and heating systems were used. The differences of energy consumption were great among the groups. The larger energy consumption groups were from 1.5 to 2.4 times greater than the smaller energy consumption groups.

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This paper describes effects of nonstructural brick walls on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (R/C) buildings. Experimental and analytical studies were conducted focusing on two buildings: one of which collapsed and the other suffered moderate damage during the 2007 Sumatra， Indonesia earthquakes. A brick wall was extracted from the moderately damaged building， and it was imported from Indonesia Two R/C one-bay frame specimens were constructed， and the imported wall was installed into one of the specimens. Comparing the performance of specimens with and without the brick wall， its contribution was quantitatively evaluated. Numerical analyses also revealed the reason why one of the buildings collapsed.

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In these days, we often say “reuse”,but we had not think about real value of reuse. This is not only just elongation but has potential to make new value. To think this, we take a Sekisui Heim as a model. And try to make out about new value system around reuse, and convert technique in this from closed to open system.

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This study clarified the characteristics of the process in reconstruction of commerce in flood damaged businesses by using the “Revival Curve Chart” and the “How-to-Repair Survey” The major results were as follows. 1) The process of reconstruction could be classified into three types with “steady,” “delayed,” “two stage” as the progresses, and with “restoration,” “improvement,” and “suitable” as the courses, respectively. 2) The trend of reconstruction was generally decided depending on nine internal and external factors. 3) An altruistic action concerning shops that supported livelihoods affected reconstructing in the region in a significant way.

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This study focuses on“isolated death”occurrences in Public Temporary Housing and Disaster Recovery Public Housing. The main data was collected from reports issued by the Hyogo Medical Examiner's Office. The results of analysis were as follows. 1) “Isolated deaths”were difficult to discover increased gradually. 2) Connections between the characteristic features of the housing and “isolated death”occurrences were detected. 3)Residential environments strongly affected residents who were in a disadvantaged situation in economic and/or physical factors.

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The purpose of this study is to examine housing education exhibits at historical museums and to create model programs for learning about Japanese housing culture. The main results were as follows. 1) It was clear that historical museums had large stocks of original teaching materials, but they weren't used enough. 2) Model programs of housing education were created at the Osaka City Housing Museum and the learning effects were examined. It is important for historical museums to develop ways for all generations to learn about traditional housing culture together.

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This study has been made on living space in an inner-Osaka area using Inoue Heibei family's document as material. Rental houses during the period from 1887 through 1893 inherited the traditional pattern which had existed since recent times. On the other hand, diverse living patterns were seen depending on the economic resources and demands of house-renters. Starting in 1897, modem elements came to appear such as exclusive uses of equipment and installation of water faucets. However, community activities of public health associations as well as improvements of equipment played an important role in modernizing the living environment.

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Collecting materials is the cornerstone of museum activities. The historical museums in Tokyo have actively collected and exhibited materials of historical, archaeological and ethnological studies. In this paper, I am examining the current conditions of architectural materials collected by these museums. On that basis, I am making practical proposals regarding how to collect materials of historic houses and architecture and how to organize and utilize them for exhibitions, which aim to activate the museums' collection of local architects In addition, this paper intends to establish a complete collection of instructions about how to deal with the materials, which can be used as a guideline for staff members of the historical museums in Tokyo when they collect, organize, and exhibit architectural materials in the future.

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Teachers of Home Economics Education are not good at educating students about housing. They would like to develop and use curricula at their schools. We conducted some workshops about teaching methods and materials for housing education in home economics. The members in this group are a researcher and some elementary, junior high School, and senior high school teachers. We studied not only theory but also practice. According to the results, we have developed some curricula about housing and community. We also ensured that teachers were able to overcome feelings of anxiety and be motivated to study subjectively. We hope that this study will contribute to developing housing education in home economics.

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This paper explores the positive shrinking way of cities under depopulation. Firstly, it is revealed that the Japanese urban policy against depopulation is based on modern functionalism while European policy on deprived urban neighborhood with population decline is based on the criticism against modern zoning in spite of their common social roots. Introducing the concept of trajectory of space, it is proposed to identify the spatial form of common recognition among residents beyond generations and to develop the shrinking future giving priority to this shared spatial image rather than rational efficiency of social cost.

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This paper is discussing about the possibility of regeneration of residential area in Kansai Metropolitan Area. The ways to regenerate are as follows; 1) to make the most use of neighboring resources and to promote people's participation in community, 2) to organize support system for trans-housing, 3) to organize area management system operated by residents, 4) to promote harmonious coexistence and network of downtown housing, suburban housing and rural housing.

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Real estate developments have unique characteristic as “Durability”, which does not compatible with“Sustainability”unless planning control with land use regulations. Urban sprawl will continue even under decreasing population because of natured motorization. Conflicts by high rise building construction have been spreading to suburban areas and local cities because loose regulation of floor area ratio turned into the goal necessary to get for development companies in order to maximize profit. How can we change our land use regulatory system from“loose but rigid”situation into “stable but flexible”? This is the most significant issue on planning system in decreasing age.

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We concludes the most rational form of the compact city, which is attracting much attention recently, by investigating their different patterns with the idea of the lifecycle emission of CO2, and then we examine the construction of the new bus transit system as a traffic transportation system which will initiate the transformation of the city toward the compact city.

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