In this study, we clarified the characteristics of renewal projects and residents in the early large scale housing developments in Japan. Kozoji new town which is one of these housing developments was developed after 1965. This new town has been practiced the renewal projects to practical use of original housings. So we studied the situation of vacant houses and the characteristics of residents separated the individual districts, and we also tried to classify the housing relocated families in this new town. Finally, we readjusted about the renewal problems and we indicated the possibility to take a new turn of the large scale housing developments.

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Yashikirin (house enclosure with trees) has been an important part of traditional residential space in rural villages of Okinawa but is disappearing rapidly. This study analyses the characteristics and changes of yashikirin in the middle and northern part of Okinawa Island. First, a case study is conducted based on a field survey in Bise, Motobu, where an intact yashikirin with Fukugi trees are still preserved today. Second, using aerial photographs taken in 1945, 1972-74 and 2003 as well as interview of residents, the changes of yashikirin and their causes are analyzed for 90 villages in the area.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify spatial structure of urban elderly's daily life of Nepal by a comparative analysis between traditional (old) and new residential areas. The findings are as follows.1) Elderly's daily life begins by visiting shrines & praying, and at day time spends with family, grandchild & neighbors. This life style is out of loneliness that can be called Spiritual life. 2) The spatial structure in new residential areas are changing from a traditional system, to a new structure which is convenient for daily life activities but which lacks space for social contact and this results in limitations on the quality of life of elderly.

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This study is the consideration to the formation of residential environment for the class of scholars around the city of Suzhou during Ming and Qing dynasties and tried to reconstruct by the analyses of historical materials and data of field works. The results are as follows. 1) In case of the retirement of scholars, it was different from the retirement in the village; there were the cases of living in the city and associating mutuality. 2) The city residences remarkably had the flower halls (Hua Ting) and gardens (Yuan Lin), but also the village residences had the similar spaces. 3) Expansion and a reduction of these residences were made by partial trading and reconstruction during Ming and Qing dynasties.

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Through the 10 years' research of Jyohana Hikiyama Festival, we found that the town modernization had changed the housing culture of traditional festivals and the town community. The other side, in the local towns which keep the traditional town houses and their streets, they decorate Byobu (folding screens) or dolls displayed for the girls' festival in traditional townhouses as tourist resources to recover the town vitality. We found that those towns use the town houses and the housing culture of the traditional festival as the important tools of town community.

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Urban Village is a movement that had emerged in parallel with the New Urbanism movement in the beginning of 1990s. These two movements shares similar characteristics in philosophical, social and technical aspects. After 10 year's practice, Urban Village concepts have spread over the world. In this study, we gather and analyze these streams and practices systematically to understand the types and practical meanings. Finally, we propose Urban Village Strategy for Yokohama on the recognition that Urban Village concept is valid as a new vision in the declining population era in Japan.

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This study surveyed three houses built in the United States circa 1900-Massachusetts' Matsuki Bunkio house, New York's Shofuden, and California's Huntington Japanese House-to consider the characteristics, differences and reception of Japanese architecture built in the United States. Modified architectural elements, excessive decoration and the emphasis or disregard of period styles differentiated the houses from domestic architecture in Japan. The wide variety of ownership objectives for initial construction, histories and socio-economic class of the three buildings also demonstrate the multiple roles and perceptions of Japanese architecture in the U.S. around 1900.

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The scene of Shonan residential area is formed around the cottage area developed in Meiji era and the suburban residential area developed in early Showa era. This study aims to clarify the factors of scene structure of residential area in Shonan by following its transformation process that kept constant environmental and scenic characteristics. We found two factors that contributed to the current residential scene structure: The high standard of town planning including housing lot scale that was developed in the early Showa era, and the scenic characteristic succeeded from the early cottage area.

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After the World War II, there are many residential areas developed by the concepts of neighborhood unit in to resolve the housing problems in Japan and in Taiwan. Due to the rapid social and economic changes during these decades, the planned residential areas gradually dissatisfy the needs of residents in their everyday lives. hi this study, we focus on the concepts of neighborhood unit, which were practiced in Taiwan from the viewpoint of married women's purchasing activities. We find that the traditional retail market and the diversity of purchasing facilities in neighborhood unit are important.

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The Japanese cities are now on the way to shrinkage in facing such problems as decrease of population, decrease of production due to the aging society and so-called enviromental problems. The method of the modernist city planning was built up on the premise of expansion and growth is not capable of dealing effectively with the shrinkage. We propose what we call‘fibercity’, that is characterized by intervening the city with manipulation of line, as a new paradigm of the city planning corresponding to shrinking era.“Green finger”and“Green partition”out of four strategies that constitute‘fibercity’are described in this article.

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Kuze family, one of the members of the high court nobility, occupied townsmen land in early modem period. This study considers the urban life of Kuze family focusing on the dwelling in to and the religious life. The following is discussed; (1)Kuze systematically expanded their townsman-land property through the procurement and accumulation during the early modem period, and bore the taxes as same as townsmen.(2)The funeral and the Buddhist service of Kuze were supported by particular temples, many merchants and craftsmen. (3)Head of Kuze systematically made a pilgrimage to regular temples and shrines.

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This study aims to show the actual spread of mud-walled town houses in these areas and the relation between their plans and designs, and the way to be introduced. Mud-walled town houses are said to diffused from Tokyo to other areas, however they were built by the fire prevention policy in Matsumoto, as well as innovated their own style from the native ones in Shimoda. Even if they were influenced by Tokyo, their styles were varied as their models in Tokyo differed in the times.

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Firstly, we investigated the academic and professional documents relating the DIY reform. And we interviewed the residents in order to gather their advices who had reformed the old public rental dwellings. The experiment conditions and the five models of the DIY reform were proposed from these results. Secondly, the models of the DIY reform were actually mocked up. It was testified how useful and realizable the models were as the evaluation of the technological features and experimental data The workability, the cost, and the work time required were testified. It has been understood that all the models have a high feasibility. Moreover, they received a high acclaim from the residents.

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In Jinseki-Kogen-cho, Hiroshima prefecture, there are house registers in the folklore museum of Toyomatsu-son. This study aims to reveal the actual situations of ground plans of farm houses in the second half of 19th century, through the research of this registers and survey on old farm houses which still remain. Mainly, there are two things that have become clear from the study. One is the transition of plan types, from “Nakanoma” type , a composition of a house with a Nakanoma, which has an irori (hearth) as a focal point, to “Tsuzukima(Suite)” type composed of a main room with tokonoma and an anteroom. The fact that the transition had spread gradually from the eastern part of the village to the west, has been revealed too. And both types have had their own ideal images according to which common farm houses were build.

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This paper focuses on old Japanese official residences and company houses constructed during the Japanese administration period in Micronesia. From the end of World War I to the end of World War II Micronesia area was under Japanese influence for 30 years. This paper compares old Japanese official residences and company houses in Micronesia with those in Japan and other Japanese colonial areas by using some contemporary drawings, results of field surveys conducted by us in Micronesia and other studies. The old Japanese official residences and company houses in Micronesia had various characteristic devices to mitigate tropical climate.

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This study focuses on temporary housings in Chuetsu area, niigata, where was seriously damaged by 7.13 flood and Chuetsu earthquake in 2004, aiming to manage to survey and support the residential environment of the temporary housing in the same time. With managing open cafe in the temporary housing area and offering the know-how to improve the temporary housing, free interview inquiry is conducted and revealed as below; The extension of temporary housing is influenced by initial figure and neighborhood. The community of temporary housing is exclusive and is needed to open to public.

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The purpose of this paper is to make clear the significance of the transformation of the co-operative housing U-court project that 20 years passed. The result are as follows: 1) Reform of dwelling unit tends to become open planning and the quality of space is improved by through residents refer to advanced cases in the neighborhood. 2) An important for the improvement of common space corresponds to aging is a dialogue place and experience. 3) Child-nurturing environment for which parents generation was hoping and planning is succeeded to at the second generation and they bring up the thought of living environment.

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Students of Japanese Universities of the departments of mining and metallurgy have practiced and studied in the domestic or foreign mines, and made the practical report at their sophomore or junior. We read and arranged these reports as historical material which could examine the development of mining company towns in Japan in the modern times . By investigating the descriptions and the illustrations in these reports, we could make ascertain there had been a new point of view to describe the aggressive housing improvement on the several company towns.

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This study uses several old materials, such as Zoudairi-onsashizu-goyou-ki, Kigo-bunko and Tosa-ha-kaigashiryo, to discuss how the Dairi buildings were designed for reconstruction in the Kansei era. The study revealed that Shishinden, Seiryoden and Joumeimon gates, all of which were restored in the traditional style, were given priority over other buildings in designing. Okajima Kozuke-jo, one of chief carpenters of Nakai-yakusyo, had responsibility in the elevation design. Kigo Harirna, a royal carpenter, collected materials and checked drawings from court noble's point of view; Tosa family, royal painters, searched out materials about ancient architecture from picture scrolls and redrew them in an easy-to-understand manner.

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This study aims to clarify the back ground and the process of transformation of the Inariyamashita Accomodation Housing built for the victims of the Great Kanto Earthquake built in Yokohama City in 1925, which was 1st floor wooden row house. We found that this housing was one of the two facilities for accommodating the victims evicted from temporary shanties, under the strong intention of social welfare by Yokohama City. And the planning of this accommodation was quite similar to that of the Dojunkwai Foundaation, but this accommodation has used the old materials like king-post-truss from the roof of former shanties, so in a structural way, this was a big condition of construction of this accommodation. Through measuring this building, we investigated many activities of the dwellers to transform the housing.

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In the 1930's Kunihiko Yamakoshi had tried importation of new technologies at that time in his two experimental housing projects as follows; 1) Dry construction (trockene Montage Bau) for flexible improvement with the advance of inhabitants, 2) Radiant floor heating systems for comfortable environment based on physiology, 3) Housing facilities for acclimating a human being to an ecosystem. This trial implied his criticism to modernization leading to dehumanization for the reason of a close relation with life phenomena. It is possible to regard him as an avant-gard architect judging from his searching for an alternative way to the Modern Architecture with these technologies, and his attitude is suggestive for us in the face of environmental issues today.

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In this paper, we tried to clarify how the supply-system and plane of the official residence had transformed through the modern times . As the result, we clarified that the official residence system had been progressed while closely relating to a political trend as formation of new order to revolution of restoration and so on. And we also crarified, from the hierarchy corresponding to the grading of the official residence and from various attempts through transition processes, that we are able to know the official residence is strongly related to the modern society, and the modern housing is very various coetaneous.

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Discussing, through a comparison between Japan and Italy, how aged people can have places in their lives that enable them to enjoy “well-being”, this study is intended to make clear the foundations on which such places are created as well as the directions actual programs should take. In Italy, what may be called a “tie-of-will” approach is in progress. In the case of Japan, characterized by traditional community-rooted organizations, it is important, for the creation of places for senior citizens, to integrate this “geographic-tie” orientedness with the “tie-of-will” approach in a properly balanced way.

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Since the last half of 19th century, housing policy has been a significant part of Danish social welfare policy. Danish housing history is unique in that non-profit sector has been created to provide good quality houses not only for the socially disadvantaged but for the general as well. The “Tenant Democracy” in the non-profit housing, characterized by various social activities including tenants' movements and labor union movements, shows how democracy in the everyday life could be achieved. In this paper, we investigate the “Tenant Democracy” in a broader context of Danish housing history.

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This study aims at discussion about the creation possibility of real estate market between the perspective migrants to the rural area and the villagers under defining increasing abandoned cultivated lands, forest which needs silvicultural prescription and vacant houses in a village as rural property. The grasp intents of demand and supply, and the potential consumers were examined from the survey to measure feelings of the perspective migrants as consumers, the local residents as suppliers and in addition, the U-turn and I-turn people in the rural districts. Also, the intermediate functions problem in each management type was revealed from the case research into intermediacies. To create the rural property market, it is required to be opened for urban residents, to figure out the system regarding the reliance of local public, local information and utilization of real estate, and to actualize the new intermediacy which based on those intermediate functions.

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The purpose of this research is to explain a finance and economic effect of the home adaptations by the public expenditure. The following became clear by the financial simulation. Home adaptations increase financial burdens(109.8 billion yen). But by the home adaptations, elderly can continue to live in his own house. So elderly who move into facilities decrease. And it is reduced financial buedens(127.2 billion yen). After all, such system reform brings the fiscal effect (17 billion yen).

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We present a model that determines both the discrete tenure choice and continuous demand for floorspace simultaneously, introducing agency costs into rental market and transaction costs into owner occupation, respectively. First, we examine how the user cost of housing capital, the transaction cost and the agency cost respectively affect the lot size of housing and the rate of owner occupation. Second, we empirically examine whether our model can explain the tenure choice, using the data of housing market in Japan.

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Preparative methodology to isolate acetaldehyde in indoor air with liquid and gas chromatography has been established for radiocarbon analysis of acetaldehyde to obtain information regarding the source of this compound in the indoor environment. Recovery and purity of the acetaldehyde with the established method was satisfactory. 14C/12C of acetaldehyde isolated from indoor air of newly-built, unoccupied housings in Tokyo Metropolitan Area was measured and contributions from fossil fuel and biomass origins were found to be equal.

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Vernacular dwellings incorporate effective techniques to improve the quality of the indoor environment by making full use of natural power. It is therefore expected to utilize their design concepts in making modern environmentally symbiotic housings. In this study, the indoor environment in vernacular dwellings is analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and is measured on the spot Owing to all the studies, effectiveness of each technique are confirmed. Consequently, it is important to recognize the value of these traditional techniques and utilize their design concepts in the design of modern dwellings, especially when designing environmentally symbiotic housing.

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In this study, we investigate the influencing factors to the outdoor thermal environment within residential estate in summer using the coupled simulation method based on CFD analysis. To begin with, the effects of arrangements of buildings and open spaces are evaluated As the results, it is clarified that we have to plan the arrangement of buildings and open spaces, which eases the inflow of windward cool air, for forming the road of wind within residential estate. In the latter part of this paper, we carried out the optimum design for the mad of wind using the method based on Genetic Algorithm coupled with the outdoor CFD analysis.

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The construction materials were insufficient because of the war in Japan between 1938-1949. Then, the newly products were developed, which were made of new resources without energy. Also the government evaluated the newly products, and guided those quality improvements. Our findings could be summarized as follows: 1) During the war, the government completed a basic plan to promote the newly construction materials. 2) In occupied Japan, the government promoted “New Construction Materials” for housing reconstruction by using the plan made during the war.

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This paper aims to develop the new construction technique for the temporary housing by making use of traditional plastering skill, which enables the victims of the disaster to build their shelters in self-aid manner. The structure of the temporary housing is supported by shell structure made of mortal. The structural strength was examined by the load tests with 1/3 scale models. For the method of construction, air-dome was used for formwork to build full-scale shell structure to realize the prompt completion. Besides such technical aspects, the paper also proposes the floor planning for the temporary housing with regard to the delicate situation victims would face.

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Regulations on building use in Japan are stipulated in the Building Standard Law and the City Planning Law. This article describes origin and transition of the regulations with focus on housing. This article also examines the relationship between housing and other building use, new trend of housing, and the way of controlling building use in consideration of local feature in the era of building stock with an eye on society of falling population.

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This study aims at examining the states and issues of building conversion from office building to apartment in Japan for establishing housing system in sustainable society. There are 5types of building conversions from office building to apartment. Type 1 is one floor conversion for owners' family. Type2 is one floor or one corner of floor conversion for single family. Type3 is converted all building from office building to apartment for single families. Type4 is converted all building from office building to apartment of families and sold by units. Type5 is converted all building from non-residential building to apartment for old people. These conversions show us many issues on housing system and that it is necessary for housing system in Japan to change real estate information system, tenure and management of apartments house and urban policy for building conversion.

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“We need to overcome the lack of space and infrastructure.” Construction in the 20th century had been basically motivated by this need. It had enabled almost automatic financing on land as well as plenty of public investment. However we cannot expect such investment in built environment any more in the 21st century, when urban structures have been fully built. “We have space and infrastructures but want to make them better.” We must find the new way how to strategically organize creativity on use as well as such users' want itself for sustaining investment in built environment. In this paper the outline of such new way is discussed.

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