At present, it is almost impossible to see squatters in Seoul, Korea. Slum clearance was deployed and high-rise apartment complexes are now built on the cleared lands. In this article, we studied “formation and elimination” of a squatter in Korea. Especially, we focused on the fact that the process of clearing squatters was actually the process of “redevelopment” which in turn produced various social contradictions. Based on characteristics of Korean “redevelopment” and concrete case examples of “redevelopment”, we studied how people (low-income population) “live and work” and what situation they have been in after the redevelopment and further clarified the modern form of squatters in Korea.

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This research focused on the Kejia Weilonwu housing style of the Guandong province in China. A design and hearing survey of the architecture, furniture and tools was done. Consequently, a comparative research with the Kejia Tulou housing style, found in the adjacent provinces of Fujian and Jiangxi, was carried on. Thus, the purpose now is to comprehend the people's migration process among the three provinces of Guandong, Fujian, and Jiangxi, and then improve our understanding about the architectural interrelationships between them.

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The purpose of the study was to clear the adaptation of homes and living environments for alleviating the difficulties surrounding the persons with intellectual disability. The examination method is an anecdotal survey and a questionnaire survey. The results are arrived as follows: 1) there were some cases which some difficulties concerning discharge and bathing had been lightened by adaptation of homes and living environments. 2) there is were some cases where the difficulty and the factors for living environments are related. 3) there were some cases that has a dramatic effect on in the specialist group in various fields having supported it according to the difficulty characteristic and the home situation.

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This study aims to clarify the conditions and the problems of “Takurousyo”. “Takurousyo” is a day service for elderly in an existing house. The results are as follows. 1) Many “Takurousyo” are managed by NPO. and these can accept 10 elderly. 2) Some “Takurousyo” have difficulty to keep the standard rooms of day service. 3) “Takurousyo” needs the place and “situation” for elderly to spend each in these owns way.

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This study aims to examine the roles of a support organization in a privately developed rental collective housing project comparing with knowledge of existing communities in Northern Europe and U.S.A.. The result shows importance of shared philosophy of collective living, studies of the model, a support program for communication and collaboration, facilitation for group process, professional technical support, thin person support to a resident organization and the owner, and mutual network support with other projects and professionals.

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This study aims, through a case study of the Urban Pilot Project I, to illustrate the context of urban redevelopment scheme which has been initiated by the EU and adopts a comprehensive and integrative approach, and to analyze factors of sustainability, which means quality of life in urban area could be maintained or enhanced even though beyond the subsidized period. It turns out that a comprehensive and integrative approach throughout the EU-led urban redevelopment program has been established through a variety of experimental projects within a flexible framework. We assure that (i) the resolution of economic and social problems as well as physical problems, (ii) an early-stage partnership among a variety of entities, and (iii) a human capital enhancement are essential for sustainable urban development.

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This is a study on the role of design for image of residential areas through land-use planning used by housing units density. It's cleared followings through this study: ①relation between planning permission and design guide in UK, ②some methods of land-use planning used by housing units density, ③effects of design guide based on unit density at some model districts in Japan.

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A purpose of this comparative study is to examine the mechanism of cultural changes between areas that are based on the Akha of Tibeto-Burman Family living across the national border between Thailand and Lao PDR. This explains special features of the Akha's dwellings relatively and point out the influences on living culture of different societies which they are surrounded by. In conclusion, living in male and female side separately is common to all of Akha, however, the meanings of that are different to subgroups. Moreover, this points out the relationships between them and society varies the dynamic nature of cultures.

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By this study, We conducted the field survey on the traditional houses along Bungo highway and, as a result, showed data such as the house of the rich farmers / the general farmhouses /the town houses /the tea houses for the feudal lord. And I clarified two points of next in particular 1. The houses of the rich farmers of Otsu-cho are large, and there are many good-quality houses, and the archetype is different from ‘Futatsu-ya style which there was in a neighborhood. 2. One tea houses and one rest institution which followed it exists.

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This paper explores problems and solutions of the urban commercial area through the life-history approach. In Japan like other advanced countries, that area has lost the dominance as the site of both commerce and residence. At first we point out this crisis has repeated several times in this century-modern age-and the resident merchants have found the solutions for every crises. So, we arrange those conventional solutions and confirm that efficiency through the collaboration with contemporary resident merchants. Those solutions have three constitutions: property management, job training (educational-industrial complex), and organization for these projects-education of habitants and habitation.

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Naples was founded as a Greek colony in 474 B.C. The urban structure by Hippodamo of Greek era has still maintained but lost the central square space and its function in the 16th century. Naples has developed small but a large number of void space: street and courtyard of houses and monasteries . Considering the Neapolitan has a characteristic life style in its strong community society, the analysis of houses has been made in the terms of-the relationship between social structure. For this study, the group survey was made in 2004/5 not only from the analysis of material.

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The purpose of our fieldwork and research is to clarify the morphological characteristics of traditional dwellings of ethnic minorities in the middle and the southern part of Vietnam. The analysis focuses on spatial homogeneity and the difference of inhabitation style within the communities studied. In applying Quantification Theory Type III, dwellings are taken as categorical data, attributes of dwellings are taken as sample data, and the two axes of highest ranking value are evaluated. Then a cluster analysis using the ward method on the distance between coordinates is assessed. By grouping the dwellings, the contents expressed by the two axes are verified.

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A “Inkyu-oyobi-shitei-zu” and a “Shoke-teitaku-shinden-kosho” are collections of drawings and data about aristocratic residences from Heian to Kamakura period.This research revealed several points. The “Inkyu-oyobi-shitei-zu” was drawn and written by Kozen Uramatsu from Tenmei times, but it is possible that “Shoke-teitaku-shinden-kosho” was not authored by Kozen. The best book is possessed in the Tokyo National Museum. Kozen described some restored drawings. But his purpose was to collect many drawings and data A limit of his work was not to have a chance borrowing the best text. He tried to choose suitable pictures from picture scrolls as much as possible.

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On this study, by picking up the residence of Inaba that was built in the middle of Meiji era in the Tango district, we investigated the construction processes of them. As a result we found out the actual conditions of the working-formations of the carpenters, the method for requisition of moods, the construction-plan and the events of building.

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English terraced houses were introduced into the new world through colonization and have been developed in America and Australia. The purpose of this study is to examine their distinctive elements on both sides of street and backyard keeping good urban dwelling environment As a result, it is confirmed that mews was disappeared and replaced by “back door” on the front in New York and enlarged and opened in Australia. It means that the form of the terraced houses has been transformed in each country in different way and does still work today due to its diversity.

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In this research, we aim to clarify how the upper class in the early modem period had comprehended Shindenzukuri of ancient time and constructed their ideal image of living space, through the images of Tale of Genji picture series painted in each period. The Syoinzukuri style that was typical for the upper class was presented as a living space in The Tale of Genji picture at the early modern age, and the yearning to various living spaces was expressed by each painter and production situation. The image was derived from the Imperial Court culture of the 17th century. The Samurai in the early modem age expressed their authenticity by adding the image of the living space that was drawn in the Tale of Genji picture as their own residence. On the other hand, they had enough historical understanding of Shindenzukuri , and they did study on the ancient Imperial palace presented in detail in the narrative picture scroll that was shared by the specific class in the late 17th century.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism creating of the various renewal plan of public housing to neighboring communities, visiting the leading projects, investigating lives of housing estates and analyzing the master plan of Public Housing Renewal Program at the Discriminated Settlement in Kitakyushu-City. This study can be summed up as follows. The master plan has mechanism of planning by partnership, making of housing estates and being practical. It is precedence and improving various plans in comparison with a policy of the Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport and leading projects. And the study explores how the various renewal plan of public housing should be.

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This study is, based on the survey of share house (defined as the house in which some persons who do not have relationship and marriage relation live with) to bring to light the space composition and the form of use. The analyses reveal that (1) Regarding the value by living together is important more than the private space; (2). Appropriately using the common space by a time lag of using; (3). living continuously at the share house while changing person/place; (4). Staying another house by residents and staying regularly by guests; (1). The comfort of a common space is requested equally as private rooms; (2). The widest space is used as a common space; (3). Individual properties used commonly are gathered in the common space.

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This study considers Mar Vista Housing in Los Angeles that was built in 1948. Over the fifty-seven years since its inception, the area has witness instances of dramatic change, resulting in rich streetscapes. Besides, it has a well developed community. This paper considers following three subjects: 1) the plan that was done by Gregory Ain and the present condition of the project 2) adaptability of the original design to extensions; and 3) the well developed community. This study explores how the Mar Vista Housing could successfully maintain a balance of resiliency and change and how it developed its matured community.

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The followings were obtained through this study. 1)The principal of the home convalescence is the 10-hour nursing by the family members. 2)The state of living of ALS patients who reside in their own houses varies depending on the condition. The adoption of artificial respirator triggers the change in the state of living. 3)The state of living of ALS patients is strongly influenced by their ability to express their intention. Therefore, it is important to study the living and the condition of disease. Besides, patients' will, the acceptance of disease and the environment of communication are also necessary to be considered altogether.

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The study aims at grasping the residential environment and actual state in the mentally handicapped persons' group homes and revealing group home stuff's consciousness and evaluation. We surveyed 126 homes by questioners and interviews and got their answers. Consequently, the living circumstances are various and they needed individual rooms with privacy and appropriate space for communal rooms. In the group homes there are peer-support among residents. While private space urges the relationship of residents, living noises such as one made by closing doors make their mental condition worse.

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This study examined a transformation of the social structure through the in-depth research and interviews on houses and living styles in the four depressed areas of Metro Manila. Particular attention is devoted to the characteristics of the ways in which the limited living spaces are utilized and the residents' sense of belonging. As a result, new relationships between the residents and the community were found out. At the same time, traditional relationships of expanded families and kinship systems have been strengthened in new forms. I argue that there can be observed a new social structure described as Philippine Urban Style.

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This study focuses on emerging housing vulnerability in England and France and examines the policy framework for ‘Combating Social Exclusion’ in housing field. It argues that 1)housing vulnerability based on social exclusion concept has been leading area based comprehensive housing policies, 2)the ideas of ‘empowerment’ and ‘social mix’ have linked with concrete measures for renewal of rundown neighborhoods, 3) although the evaluations depends on the standpoints, the significance of area based approach seemed to be shared among policy makers and 4)socially vulnerable households tend to concentrate in specific neighborhoods including public rental housing estates in Japanese big cities, too.

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While single mother household's income is just a fraction of that of general households, hence housing expenses for housing still much of a burden for single mother households to manage under the market-oriented housing provision. Therefore their limited economic status relegate them to cheaper, lower quality housing These conditions differ in a big city and a suburb. This study aims to understand single mother household's housing situation from ①selection of a place of residence, ②the conditions of child-rearing and working, ③minimum housing standard, ④the rate of a housing-expenses burden aspects and these regional gap.

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This study focuses on the housing conditions of the poor in the urban area of Latin America where the precarious infrastructures and communities are relevantly present The paper includes two study cases in Brazil: the city of Rio, where habitants participate to upgrade their communities; Brasilia, where in contrast to the Rio case, the local government basically takes initiative. Peruvian government leads loan programs that include representatives of the private sector like banks and construction companies. In Mexico, the city has established a system of loans which are received from NGOs and the Federal District to implement household reconstruction programs.

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Providing affordable housing (AH) for Americas is at a critical limit. We look at progressive AH strategies in the San Francisco Bay Area. CDCs (Community Development Corporations) began developing AH at the local and neighborhood level some thirty years ago. This taxi continues today. Cross issue coalitions aid innovative application of Advocacy and Capacity tools ate successful strategies for developing AH. These strategies are uniting local CDCs with regional and national support systems in the private, public and nonprofit sections. By relating AH to other equity issues, and refining tools of Capacity building and Advocacy, the Community Development Field is further defined.

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An algorism to generate myriad schedule data of each inhabitants' behavior that is provided by a fine time resolution was shown. This procedure seems to be useful to estimate energy and utility requirements such as electricity, gas and water demand in a residential building, a certain district and an urban area, especially for a prediction of maximum loads of those. The method is evolved from the previous one authors' proposed, and is based on several public statistical data. The proposed method can deal with a simultaneous behavior (watching TV with another behavior), adding at-home-flag and family formation, which are necessary for practical calculations.

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Recently, due to deeper interest in the problems of global environment, a sustainable design for buildings has been appreciated in many countries. It is very important to develop a design protocol of building sustainability. Firstly, this paper describes marketing analysis for sustainable design and its key factors for promoting. Secondly, a TSS methodology for sustainable housing design is shown. The TSS is defined as optimized methods in combination with low energy technologies in a climatic condition. Thirdly, this methodology developed is shown to be very effective in penetrations of sustainable housing design.

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This study investigated the symbiotic housings in recent 30 years selected from three major architectural magazines in Japan and they were categorized according to era, region, designing technique, and type of dwelling. Then selected types of the housing complex and housing block had done the investigation into the actual conditions of resident's lifestyle and feelings, and collected their opinions by questionnaires and interviews. Consequently, some distinctions between the council house and private housing were revealed and the designing techniques for the symbiotic housing need to innovate suitable one for the resident's lifestyle and their habit. Moreover, in order to sustain the function of the technique, balance with surrounding conditions and management and maintenance were required. Thus, the post design like this study was demanded for the symbiotic housing of the future.

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It is said that the usage period of residential in Japan is shorter than that of Western countries. This means that demolitions are quite often performed to build new houses. The demolition creates a lot of waste that cannot be readily reprocessed. Building materials and components can be recycled and reused to mitigate this problem; however a recycling system has not yet been established. The purpose of this study is to establish a reuse system for building materials and components. To achieve the purpose we performed an experimental construction with used materials and components which are used for plumbing area in a house. The paper addresses preparation of used materials and components, and then describes results of an experimental construction.

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The constructing system of wooden storehouse was hardly researched in the research of the traditional houses. Then, we did, and analyzed the survey of the method of the structure and the place that had built in Yamagata Prefecture Yamagata City, the Gunma Prefecture Katashina-village, the Fukushima Prefecture Hinoemata-village, and Nagasaki Prefecture Tsushima City. As a result, it had clarified that the constructing system of wooden storehouse have changed because the wood resource decreased. Moreover, it can be said that it has change even by influences of usage and place's.

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While the housing industry in Asian countries including China makes national development, the number of quality problems of housings increases dramatically. Therefore, many Asian countries introduce the Japanese style quality assurance system, but it is hard to say that it has succeeded in securing the building quality at introduction of TQC, construction supervision system, etc. It is thought that the cause is to serve as stripped quality control since the quality control operation experienced in Japan is not fully carried out. This research clarified that the characteristics of quality control system in Asian countries by the comparison study of the quality control operation in the housing industry.

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This investigation aims to gain a basic understanding on contrast effect of surface color and texture used for living environment. We define the subjective contrast as an extent of subjective and comprehensive variation between a visual target and its back ground. In this report, the relations between the subjective contrast and color, texture and luminous contrast was clarified. It could be said that the subjective contrast was influences by Munsell hue and chroma. The subjective contrast of surface texture could be declared by its luminous contrast and color difference.

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The aim of this research is to develop methodologies to share the seismic risk information of building stock with community. The selected site is Kanda district Chiyoda ward, where medium to small size building stock is densely located. Fundamental properties of the region were collected to construct GIS for the seismic risk information of Kanda district. In order to specify the seismic performance of the individual building stock, detailed investigation and microtremor measurement were conducted on three timber structures, five reinforced concrete structures and five steel and/or reinforced concrete structures. Schemes and methodologies to share the acquired seismic risk information with the local community are discussed.

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