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Susumu KAWABE
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
1-8
Published: November 30, 2000
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Tsuyoshi HAYASAKA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
9-11
Published: November 30, 2000
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Tomio FUKAYA, Akira SAYAMA, Naoya FUJII
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
12-14
Published: November 30, 2000
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Jun OYAMA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
15-17
Published: November 30, 2000
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Shinzo KOIZUMI, Kaoru ZENBAYASHI, Taketo ASHIZAWA, Shinichi FUJI, Naga ...
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
18-22
Published: November 30, 2000
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Conditions required for simple evaluation of field resistance to panicle blast in rice cultivars using spray-inoculated cut panicles were studied in 49 rice cultivars and strains with different levels of field resistance to blast. To obtain cut panicles, tillers consisting of a panicle, the boot leaf and one culm node were cut from field or pot grown rice plants at the full heading stage. Cut panicles were placed in plastic cases containing water and inoculated by spraying with a spore suspension of
Pyricularia grisea (2×10
5 conidia/m
l). The percentages of spikelets diseased with panicle blast were assessed 14-16 days after inoculation. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the cut panicle test and field trial for the percentage of diseased spikelets. High positive correlations were also obtained when cut panicles were kept at 25-30°C after inoculation. Sampling sizes required to obtain 10 and 15 sampling errors (
P=0.05) were 19 and 10 panicles from pot grown plants and those from paddy plants were 15 and 8 panicles, respectively.
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Kaoru ZENBAYASHI, Taketo ASHIZAWA, Shinzo KOIZUMI
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
23-25
Published: November 30, 2000
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The rice cultivar Chubu 32 has high partial resistance to leaf blast caused by
Pyricularia grisea. We developed a way to evaluate its partial resistance in individual rice plants in the greenhouse. Cultivars Koshihikari and Norin29, whose levels of partial resistance were low, were used in this study. Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse with high levels of nitrogen application and inoculated at the 8th leaf stage by spraying with a spore suspension (2×10
5/m
l) of the blast fungus conidia.The percentage of diseased leaf area of the 8th leaf stage of each plant was assessed 7 days after inoculation. We were thus able to individually discriminate the resistance of Chubu 32 compared to that shown by less resistant cultivars.
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Takayoshi EIZUKA, Tsuneaki CHIDA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
26-30
Published: November 30, 2000
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Kazuyo HAYASHI, Jun OYAMA, Takashi KIDOKORO
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
31-32
Published: November 30, 2000
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Minako SAITO, Takeshi ISHIKAWA, Tsutomu KOMATSU
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
33-36
Published: November 30, 2000
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Katsuhiro FURUKAWA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
37-39
Published: November 30, 2000
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Osamu FUJINE, Norio KONDO, Kiroku KOBAYASHI, Akira OGOSHI
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
40-43
Published: November 30, 2000
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Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.
adzukicola, the causal agent of adzuki bean (
Vigna angulari) wilt, produced phytotoxic substances to azuki bean in spore germination fluid (SGF). Stem cuttings of susceptible cultivar“Hayate-shozu” treated with 20-fold concentrated SGF showed symptoms similar to the diseased azuki bean, i.e., vein necrosis and vascular browning. Growth of treated stem cuttings was also inhibited. Symptoms induced by SGF differed from chlorosis induced by 100 ppm fusaric acid. SGF toxic activity remained after heat treatment at 60°C for 2 hr or at 100°C for 30 min. SGF induced symptoms in both susceptible cultivar “Erimo-shozu” and resistant cultivar “Kitano-otome”. We surmise that toxic substances are not major pathogenesis determinants in
F. oxysporum f. sp.
adzukicola.
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Yoshiro MIKOSHIBA, Ken-ichiro HONDA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
44-46
Published: November 30, 2000
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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) using monoclonal antibodies was adapted to efficiently detect
Soybean dwarfvirus (SbDV) in aphids. We used monoclonal antibodies produced using the SbDV-YS strain transmitted specifically by the aphid vector
Aulacorthum solani and using the SbDV-YP strain transmitted by
Acyrthosiphon pisum. Clarification of aphid extracts with a mixture of chloroform and n-butanol raised absorbance of positive reactions, and SbDV-YS and YP were detected in a single nymph allowed a 1-day acquisition access to infected soybean or white clover leaves. ELISA using these monoclonal antibodies is useful for surveying viruliferous aphids around soybean fields.
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1. Bacterial Rot of Chinese Chive Caused by Pseudomonas marginalis, the Melt Symptom Pathogen
Kiichi TAIRAKO, Yuko FUJITA, Sayaka ITO, Yuichi TAKIKAWA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
47-50
Published: November 30, 2000
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2.‘Melt Symptom’ Causing Factors
Yuko FUJITA, Kiichi TAIRAKO
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
51-53
Published: November 30, 2000
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Akira SAYAMA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
54-57
Published: November 30, 2000
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Damping-off disease was observed in cabbage plug seedlings (
Brassica oleracea L., capitata group) in Noshiro City, Akita Prefecture, in 1998. The pathogen from infected plants was identified as
Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG 2-2-IIIB based on hyphal anastomosis and culture type. This is the first record of the occurrence of
R. solaniAG 2-2-IIIB on cabbage in Japan.
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Kazunori KATSUBE, Hiromi ITO
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
58-61
Published: November 30, 2000
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Satoru SHIBATA, Seizo HORIUCHI, Mamoru SATOU, Norihito YAMAUCHI
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
62-65
Published: November 30, 2000
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Two fungal species,
Stemphylium sp. and
Pleospora sp., were found on leaves of Welsh onion showing leaf blight symptoms in commercial fields in Konoura, Akita, from September to October 1999. Fungi isolated from the single conidium and ascospore showed pathogenicity to Welsh onion by artificial inoculation. Conidia of the two fungi from Welsh onion on both V-8 juice agar medium and lesions on the crop inoculated with them were identical to those of
Stemphylium sp. Morphological studies showed that the conidial state of these fungi is
S. vesicarium (Wallroth) E. Simmons. The teleomorph observed in cultures of the isolate from
Stemphylium sp. was identical to naturally occurring
Pleospora sp. The results indicate that these fungi is the same. Since
S. botryosum has only been recognized as the causal fungus of leaf blight in the Welsh onion in Japan, we suggest that
S. vesicarium (Wallroth) E. Simmons (teleomorph:
Pleospora allii (Rabenh.) Ces. & De Not.) is an additional pathogen of the disease.
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Norihito YAMAUCHI, Seizo HORIUCHI
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
66-69
Published: November 30, 2000
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A procedure of drip inoculation to lettuce seedlings grown in a plug tray was studied for evaluating cultivars resistant to root rot (
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.
lactucae). Seedlings 1 week old were the most susceptible. Clear symptom expression was obtained with inoculum suspension of 2 ml per plug tray cell at a concentration of 5 × 10
6 bud cells/ml of the pathogen. Watering from the plug tray bottom had no negative effect on the expression of cultivar resistance. Our procedure proved effective for the screening root rot resistance.
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1. Selection of Effective Chemicals and Application Timing of Copperic Bactericide
Tomohiro KATOH, Sigemi KIKUCHI
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
70-72
Published: November 30, 2000
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Mitsuru SAYAMA, Yoshihisa HOMMA, Shigehito TAKENAKA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
73-76
Published: November 30, 2000
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The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect on change in the population of
Polymyxa betae, a BNYVV vector, by the cultivation of wild oats and resistant and susceptible sugar beet cultivars. The viruliferous population of
P. betae in infested soil cultivated for 9 months by wild oats was 0.18 infection units per gram (IU), 0.43 IU in resistant and 5.22 IU in susceptible sugar beet cultivars, and 0.36 IU where no plants were cultivated. IU was significantly reduced by wild oat cultivation and increased by susceptible sugar beet cultivar cultivation compared to no planting. IU after resistant cultivar cultivation was the same as no planting. The number of
P. betae sporesori using direct observation microscopy from infested soil cultivated with sugar beet cultivar were 3 times as great as wild oats and no planting. The rate of empty resting spores treated with root exudates of wild oats and sugar beet for 21 and 37 days was higher than in distilled water treatment.
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Norihito YAMAUCHI, Seizo HORIUCHI
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
77-79
Published: November 30, 2000
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An undescribed disease occurred on endive,
Cichorium endivia L., in Iwate Prefecture in July 1999. Pathogenicity was demonstrated in a fungal isolate obtained from diseased plants. The isolate was identified as
Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AGl-IB, based on morphological and cultural characteristics and anastomosis grouping test. Bottom rot of endive caused by
R. solani Kuhn AG1-IB is pröposed as a new disease.
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Seizo HORIUCHI, Mamoru SATOU, Norihito YAMAUCHI
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
80-82
Published: November 30, 2000
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Pathogenicity to strawberry cultivars was studied in isolates of
Verticillium dahliae obtained from various plants. Representative Japanese cultivars, Toyonoka and Morioka 16, were susceptible to all isolates tested, regardless of designated pathogenicity group of the isolates. The isolates exhibited different levels of pathogenicity to Catskill and Guardian, the cultivars known to be resistant to Verticillium wilt, suggesting the pathogenicity to be quantitative. No connection was indicated between pathogenicity to strawberry and the pathogenicity group of the isolates.
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Tomoo MISAWA, Motomi MUKOUHARA, Toru TAKEUCHI, Takashi HAGITA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
83-86
Published: November 30, 2000
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Masatoshi SATO, Tatsuji HATAYA, Mabito IWASAKI
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
87-92
Published: November 30, 2000
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Several primer pairs were studied for detecting
Potato virus Y (PVY),
Potato leafroll virus (PLRV),
Potato virus X (PVX), and
Potato virus S (PVS) in dormant potato tubers by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The specific c DNA of each virus was amplified well by the following primer pairs: PVYCP6P (5'-CGTCCAAAATGAGAATGCC-3') and PVYCP 6 M (5'-TCTTGTGTACTGATGCCAC-3') for PVY, PLRVCP9P (5'-CGCTCAAGAAGAACTGGAG-3') and PLRVCPE1M (5'-CCGAATTCCTATTTGGGGTTTTGCAA-3') for PLRV, X1P (5'-TCCTTATTCCAACGGCATC-3') and X1M (5'-ATCTAGGCTGGCAAAGTCG-3') for PVX, and S7P (5'-TTCCCAACAGGCGCAGTG-3') and S 2 M (5'-CTAAACGGTCTGCCTTCAT-3') for PVS. The amplified fragments of PVY, PLRV, PVX and PVS were 577bp, 470bp, 337bp, and 426bp, respectively. The minimum detectable purified viral RNA by RT-PCR was 100 fg for PVY, 1 pg each for PLRV and PVX, and 10 pg for PVS. Simple extraction without using organic solvent was studied and found to extract nucleic acids containing virus RNA in dormant potato tubers in about 2 hr.
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Masatoshi SATO, Tadanori GOTO, Yohachiro HONDA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
93-97
Published: November 30, 2000
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Tomato ringspot virus (To RSV) was found in symptomless potato in 1987 and in petunia (
Petunia x hybrida) showing necrotic spots or ringspots in 1992 in Hokkaido. The host range of the virus included a total of 25 species in eight plant families. Virus particles were isometric, about 25 nm in diameter. The virus showed a positive reaction to the antiserum against To RSV by the agar gel double diffusion test and immunoelectron microscopy. To RSV isolated from potato and petunia is to our knowledge the first known.
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Takashi HAGITA, Jun SASAKI, Motomi MUKOHARA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
98-103
Published: November 30, 2000
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A slightly flexous virus, 470-500nm, caused necrosis in the edible lily (
Lilium leichtlinii var.
maximowiczii Baker) when associated with
Tulip breaking virus (TBV) in Hokkaido, Japan. The virus infected 11 of 43 plant species belonging to 10 families inoculated with sap. The thermal inactivation point of the virus was 55-60°C for 10min, and its dilution end point ranged between 10
-5 and 10
-6. Moreover, the virus longevity in vitro was 15 days at 20°C. The molecular weight of proteins for the virus was determined to be 24, 000-25, 000 daltons by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The virus also reacted positively with antiserum against
Lily virus X from the Netherlands. These results identified the virus as
Lily virus X.
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Hideki YAMAMOTO, Shin-ich FUJI
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
104-106
Published: November 30, 2000
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In 1999, Tospovirus occurred in dahlia, chrysanthemum, and tomato plants in Akita Prefecture, Japan. The virus was identified as
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) by sap inoculation test and serological and genetical assays. This report is the first on the occurrence of TSWV in Akita Prefecture.
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Satoru SUGIYAMA, Kouichiro IZUMI, Masatoshi MATSUDA, Yoshiko TSUSHIMA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
107-110
Published: November 30, 2000
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Powdery mildew on perennial statice (
Limonium spp.) was found in 1998 in Aomori Prefecture. The causal fungus was morphologically identified as
Oidium sp. based on Hagiwara et al.(1998). Field investigations in 1999 showed the disease had become distributed widely among cultivated areas in Aomori Prefecture, causing considerable damage. Seven fungicides. myclobutanil, mepanipyrim, iminoctadine-triacetate/polyoxins, diflumetorim, triflumizole, azoxystrobin and sulfur, were tested in a plastic-film house, and all were found to be active against the test fungus, with myclobutanil the most effective at the standard concentration.
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Shigeru OSADA, Minoru TANAKA, Izumi MATUDA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
111-114
Published: November 30, 2000
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Osachi ABE, Tomohiro SATO, Shinichi GOTO, Jun SATO, Hirosuke SHINOHARA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
115-118
Published: November 30, 2000
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Kei SUGAWARA, Yoshiaki CHIKUO, Hiroshi HAGIWARA, Satoshi IZUTU
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
119-121
Published: November 30, 2000
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Previously undescribed diseases occurring on osteospermum (
Osteospermum hybridum), yellow cosmos (
Cosmos sulphureus Cay.), and swamp chrysanthemum (
Chrysanthemum paludosum Poir.) were found in Yamagata and Mie Prefectures. The pathogenicity of isolates obtained from diseased plants for each host was demonstrated by inoculation tests. All isolates were identified as Botrytis cinerea Persoon: Fries based on morphological and cultural characteristics. This is the first report of gray mold on osteospermum, yellow cosmos and swamp chrysanthemum in Japan.
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Shin-ichi FUJI, Hideki YAMAMOTO
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
122-125
Published: November 30, 2000
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Flower crops lisianthus, impatiens, New Guinea impatiens, and cyclamen showing necrosis or necrotic ring spot symptoms were collected in 1999 in Akita Prefecture. These isolates did not react positively to DIBA with polyclonal antibody against TSWV, but reacted similarly to tospovirus in sap inoculation test. RT-PCR was conducted to detect
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and
Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) using degenerate for TSWV and INSV, and INSV specific primers, and a product of the predicted size was obtained with both primers. To characterize this INSV isolate obtained from lisianthus, we determined the N protein sequence. Sequence comparison of the N protein showed a 98.9% identity in the amino acid with INSV NL-07. This is the first report of INSV occurrence in Akita Prefecture.
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Masayoshi ASARI
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
126-128
Published: November 30, 2000
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Nobue HOSHI, Fusaharu NAKATANI
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
129-132
Published: November 30, 2000
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Kinsuke YUKITA, Kimiko KURADATE, Tomoya AKAHIRA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
133-136
Published: November 30, 2000
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Haruo KATSUMATA, Tadashi OGATA, Naoyuki MATSUMOTO
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
137-140
Published: November 30, 2000
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Tadashi OGATA, Eiji KANNO
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
141-143
Published: November 30, 2000
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Takashi KIDOKORO, Kazuyo HAYASHI
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
144-145
Published: November 30, 2000
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Yasuhiko KONNO
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
146-147
Published: November 30, 2000
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The rice grasshopper,
Oxya yezoensis, exhibits 3-color polymorphism: red, green, and brown. We studied whether differences in insecticide susceptibility occurred with the 3 color morphs. No significant difference was detected among them.
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Masami TAKITA, Junichi NAGAMINE, Tomiichi TAKEDA, Hajime SUGIE
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
148-150
Published: November 30, 2000
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Satohiro FUJITA, Tetsuo GENBA, Megumi TAKEUCHI, Akari ENDOU
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
151-154
Published: November 30, 2000
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Kiyomitsu ITO
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
155-157
Published: November 30, 2000
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Trigonotylus caelestialium was successfully bred in the laboratory by feeding on young wheat seedlings in a transparent cylindrical rearing cage (9 cm in diameter, 25 cm in height). Food was renewed 1-3 times during nymphal development. Emergence was about 50% when 100-300 hatched nymphs were introduced into the cage. Some 400 hatched nymphs were obtained when 30-40 female adults with the same number of males were released into the cage and allowed to lay eggs for about 5 days.
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2. Influence of Meteorological Factors on Outbreaks of the Rice Leaf Bug (Trigonotylus caelestialium Kirkaldy), and Characteristics of Damaged Rice Grains
Masaki ISHIOKA, Toshiyuki KIMURA, Yuji KIMURA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
158-161
Published: November 30, 2000
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Junko GOTO, Yoshiki ITO, Mitsugu SHISHIDO
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
162-164
Published: November 30, 2000
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Makoto TAKADA, Hideki TANAKA, Takekatsu CHIBA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
165-169
Published: November 30, 2000
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Hideki TANAKA, Makoto TAKADA, Takekatsu CHIBA
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
170-174
Published: November 30, 2000
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Tokumitsu NIIYAMA, Akiyasu IITOMI
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
175-177
Published: November 30, 2000
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Akiyasu IITOMI
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
178-180
Published: November 30, 2000
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Abdominal corpulence of the
S. furcifera female adult was classified using 5 scores (0 to 4) and the correspondence of this and ovarian development was studied. More than half of healthy females with scors of ≥ 3 at the macroptera and ≥ 2 at the brachyptera were able to lay eggs. Causes of abdominal corpulence are important in determining sexual maturity. The percentage of mature females based on abdominal scores related positively to the insect's population.
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Kiyoshi UENO, Yoshinori KANBAYASHI, Kazuhiko KONISHI
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
181-183
Published: November 30, 2000
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Akeo IWASAKI
2000 Volume 2000 Issue 51 Pages
184-186
Published: November 30, 2000
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In Hokkaido, the wheat leaf-sheath miner,
Cerodontha (
C.)
denticornis (Panzer), may produce 3 generations in a year, with adult flies appearing June, August and September. Larvae initially make straight, slender leaf-mines toward the leaf base, then enter the leaf sheath, where the majority of infestations occur, followed by pupation. Mines on a leaf are visible only as very narrow white lines, and on leaf sheath as scattered inconspicuous white patches. Spring wheat is more susceptible than winter wheat to such infestation. Stems infested by first-generation larvae account for about a 2% loss in yield due to decreased grain weight. In 1996, a rather high 12% infestation of stems was seen in an unsprayed spring wheat field in Kunneppu. Neverthless, the estimated yield loss of 0.24% may be negligible.
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